Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki |

Mikhail Chulaki

U-MI Chulaki wazalelwa eSimferopol, emndenini wesisebenzi. Izingoma zakhe zokuqala zomculo zixhumene nedolobha lakubo. Umculo we-symphonic yakudala uvame ukuzwakala lapha ngaphansi kwenduku yabaqhubi abadumile - L. Steinberg, N. Malko. Abaculi abakhulu kunabo bonke beza lapha - E. Petri, N. Milshtein, S. Kozolupov nabanye.

UChulaki uthole imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi eSimferopol Musical College. Umeluleki wokuqala kaChulaki ekubunjweni kwakungu-II Chernov, umfundi we-NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Lokhu kuxhumana okungaqondile namasiko e-New Russian Musical School kwabonakala ezingoma zokuqala ze-orchestra, ezibhalwe ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwethonya lomculo kaRimsky-Korsakov. E-Conservatory yaseLeningrad, lapho uChulaki engena khona ngo-1926, uthisha wokuqamba waba ngumfundi wokuqala weRimsky-Korsakov, MM Chernov, futhi ngemva kwalokho umqambi odumile waseSoviet uVV Shcherbachev. Imisebenzi yediploma yomqambi osemusha yayiyi-First Symphony (eyokuqala eyenziwa eKislovodsk), umculo wayo, ngokusho komlobi ngokwakhe, wathonywa kakhulu izithombe ze-symphonic ye-AP Borodin, kanye ne-suite yamapiyano amabili " May Pictures”, kamuva okwenziwa kaningi ngabashayi bopiyano abadumile baseSoviet futhi sebevele beveza ngezindlela eziningi ubuntu bombhali.

Ngemva kokuphothula izifundo ze-conservatory, isithakazelo somqambi sasiqondiswe ikakhulukazi ohlotsheni, okwakulindeleke ukuthi aphumelele kulo. Kakade i-ballet yokuqala kaChulaki, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda (ngemuva kuka-A. Pushkin, 1939), yabonwa ngumphakathi, yaba nomshini wokunyathelisa obanzi, futhi yadlalwa yi-Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre (MALEGOT) yaboniswa eMoscow ngo. Iminyaka eyishumi yobuciko beLeningrad. Ama-ballet amabili alandelayo kaChulaki – “The Imaginary Groom” (ngemuva kuka-C. Goldoni, 1946) kanye nethi “Youth” (emva kuka-N. Ostrovsky, 1949), nawo adlalwa okokuqala ngqa ngu-MALEGOT, aklonyeliswa ngeMiklomelo Yesifunda sase-USSR (ngo-1949 futhi 1950).

Umhlaba weshashalazi nawo ushiye uphawu lwawo emsebenzini kaChulaki we-symphonic. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ku-Symphony yakhe Yesibili, enikezelwe ekunqobeni kwabantu baseSoviet eMpini Yezwe Elikhulu (1946, uMklomelo Wesifunda we-USSR - 1947), kanye nomjikelezo we-symphonic "Izingoma nemidanso yase-Old France", lapho umqambi ecabanga ngezindlela eziningi kwasetiyetha, edala izithombe ezimibalabala, ezizwakalayo. I-Third Symphony (ikhonsathi ye-symphony, 1959) yabhalwa ngendlela efanayo, kanye nesiqephu sekhonsathi ye-violinists ye-Bolshoi Theatre - "Iholide LaseRussia", umsebenzi ogqamile womlingiswa we-virtuoso, owazuza ngokushesha. ukuthandwa, kwenziwa kaningi ezigabeni zekhonsathi nasemsakazweni, kuqoshwe kurekhodi legilamafoni.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yomqambi kwezinye izinhlobo, kufanele sikhulume kuqala nge-cantata "Ogwini lweVolkhov", eyadalwa ngo-1944, ngesikhathi sokuhlala kukaChulaka ngaphambili kweVolkhov. Lo msebenzi waba negalelo elikhulu emculweni waseSoviet, obonisa iminyaka yempi yobuqhawe.

Emkhakheni womculo wezwi nowomculo, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu weChulaka umjikelezo wamakwaya i-cappella ethi "Lenin nathi" eya emavesini kaM. Lisyansky, abhalwe ngo-1960. Kamuva, eminyakeni engu-60-70, umqambi wadala. inani lezingoma zephimbo, phakathi kwazo imijikelezo yezwi nepiyano ethi "Abundance" eya emavesini kaW. Whitman kanye nethi "The Years Fly" eya emavesini e-Vs. Grekov.

Isithakazelo esiqhubekayo somqambi ohlotsheni lomculo nemidlalo yaseshashalazini sabangela ukuvela kwe-ballet "Ivan the Terrible" esekelwe kumculo we-SS Prokofiev wefilimu yegama elifanayo. Ukwakhiwa kanye nomculo we-ballet wenziwa nguChulaki ngomyalo weBolshoi Theatre yase-USSR, lapho idlalwa khona ngo-1975, eyacebisa kakhulu i-repertoire yaseshashalazini futhi yazuza impumelelo nababukeli baseSoviet nabangaphandle.

Kanye lokusungula, Chulaki unake kakhulu umsebenzi pedagogical. Iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu wadlulisela ulwazi lwakhe kanye nesipiliyoni esicebile kubaculi abasha: ngo-1933 waqala ukufundisa eLeningrad Conservatory (amakilasi okuqamba nezinsimbi), kusukela ngo-1948 igama lakhe liye laba phakathi kothisha eMoscow Conservatory. Kusukela ngo-1962 ube nguprofesa e-conservatory. Abafundi bakhe eminyakeni ehlukene kwakungu-A. Abbasov, V. Akhmedov, N. Shakhmatov, K. Katsman, E. Krylatov, A. Nemtin, M. Reuterstein, T. Vasilyeva, A. Samonov, M. Bobylev, T. Kazhgaliev, S. Zhukov, V. Belyaev nabanye abaningi.

Ekilasini likaChulaka, kwakuhlale kunomoya wokuthakasela nobuqotho. Uthisha uphathe ngokucophelela ubuntu bokudala babafundi bakhe, ezama ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo emvelo ebunyeni bezinto eziphilayo ngokuthuthukiswa kwezikhali ezicebile zamasu okuqamba wesimanje. Umphumela weminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa emkhakheni wezinsimbi kwakuyincwadi ethi "Amathuluzi we-Symphony Orchestra" (1950) - incwadi ethandwa kakhulu, esedlule izinhlelo ezine.

Okuthakazelisa kakhulu umfundi wesimanje yizindatshana zememo zikaChulaki, ezinyatheliswa ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene emaphephandabeni nasemaqoqweni akhethekile e-monographic, mayelana no-Yu. F. Fayer, A. Sh. UMelik-Pashayev, B. Britten, LBEG Gilels, MV Yudina, II Dzerzhinsky, VV Shcherbachev nabanye abaculi abavelele.

Impilo yokudala kaMikhail Ivanovich ixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomculo nezenhlalo. Wayengumqondisi kanye nomqondisi wezobuciko we-Leningrad State Philharmonic Society (1937-1939), ngo-1948 waba usihlalo weLeningrad Union of Composers kwathi ngawo lowo nyaka e-First All-Union Congress wakhethwa njengonobhala weNyunyana ye-Union. Abaqambi baseSoviet base-USSR; ngo-1951 waqokwa njengephini likasihlalo weKomidi Lezobuciko ngaphansi koMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe base-USSR; ngo-1955 - umqondisi we-Bolshoi Theatre yase-USSR; kusukela ngo-1959 kuya ku-1963 u-Chulaki wayengunobhala weNyunyana yabaqambi be-RSFSR. Ngo-1963, waphinde wahola i-Bolshoi Theatre, kulokhu njengomqondisi nomqondisi wezobuciko.

Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sobuholi bakhe, imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko baseSoviet nakwamanye amazwe yadlalwa okokuqala esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini, kuhlanganise nama-operas: "Umama" ngu-TN Khrennikov, "Nikita Vershinin" ka-Dm. B. Kabalevsky, "Impi Nokuthula" kanye ne-"Semyon Kotko" ka-SS Prokofiev, "Okthoba" ka-VI Muradeli, "Inhlekelele Enethemba" ka-AN Kholminov, "The Taming of the Shrew" ka-V. Ya. Shebalin, “ Jenufa” ka L. Janachka, “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” ka-B. Britten; i-opera-ballet ethi The Snow Queen ka-MR Rauchverger; ama-ballets: “Leyli and Mejnun” by SA Balasanyan, “Stone Flower” by Prokofiev, “Icarus” by SS Slonimsky, “The Legend of Love” by AD Melikov, “Spartacus” by AI Khachaturian, “Carmen suite” by RK Shchedrin, "I-Assel" ka-VA Vlasov, "Shurale" ngu-FZ Yarullin.

U-MI Chulaki ukhethwe njengesekela le-Supreme Soviet ye-RSFSR VI kanye nama-VII ama-convocation, wayeyisithunywa ku-XXIV Congress ye-CPSU. Ngenxa yokufaneleka kwakhe ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bomculo waseSoviet, waklonyeliswa ngesihloko esithi Umculi Wabantu we-RSFSR futhi wanikezwa imiklomelo - i-Order of the Red Banner of Labor, i-Order of Friendship of Peoples kanye nebheji lokuhlonishwa.

Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki wafa ngoJanuwari 29, 1989 eMoscow.

L. Sidelnikov