Ithuna, ithuna |

IsiNtaliyane, ukukhanya. – kanzima, serious, kubalulekile

1) Umculo. igama elavela ngekhulu le-17 Labonisa ukulwela okuyisisekelo, "isisindo", esibucayi, isici sesitayela seBaroque. Yayihlotshaniswa nethiyori yokuthinta (bheka. Ithiyori yokuthinta). S. Brossard ngo-1703 uhumusha igama elithi “G.” “njengesindayo, ibalulekile, ibabazekayo ngakho-ke icishe ihlale ihamba kancane”. U-G. uchaza i-tempo eseduze ne-largo, ephakathi nendawo ne-adagio. Kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe emisebenzini ka-JS Bach (Cantata BWV 82) kanye no-GF Handel (amaculo “Futhi u-Israyeli wathi”, “UyiNkosi yami” kusukela ku-oratorio ethi “Israel in Egypt”). Ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengenkomba yejubane kanye nemvelo yezingeniso ezihamba kancane - ama-intrad, izingeniso zokweqa ("Messiah" by Handel), ezingxenyeni zokuqala zomjikelezo. imisebenzi (i-Beethoven's Pathetic Sonata), ezigcawini ze-opera (uFidelio, isingeniso endaweni yesigameko ejele), njll.

2) Umculo. igama elisetshenziswa njengencazelo yelinye igama nelisho “ukujula”, “okuphansi”. Ngakho-ke, amazwi asemathuneni (amazwi aphansi, ngokuvamile nje amathuna) yigama elethulwa ngu-Hukbald le-tetrachord ephansi yesistimu yomsindo yangaleso sikhathi (i-tetrachord elele ngaphansi kwezinqamuleli ezine; Gc). Amathuna ama-Octaves (i-octave ephansi) - i-suboctave-koppel esithweni (ithuluzi elivumela umculi ukuthi aphindaphinde izwi elenziwa ku-octave ephansi; njengamanye ama-octave double, yayisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngekhulu le-18-19; ngekhulu lama-20 Ikhulu leminyaka yaqala ukusetshenziswa , ngoba ayizange inikeze ukucebisa kwe-timbre yomsindo futhi yanciphisa ukucaca kwezicubu zomsindo).

References: Brossard S. de, Isichazamazwi Somculo, esiqukethe incazelo yamagama asetshenziswa kakhulu esiGreki, isiLatini, isiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi emculweni…, Amst., 1703; Hermann-Bengen I., Tempobezeichnungen, “Mьnchner Verцffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte”, I, Tutzing, 1959.