U-Isaak Osipovich Dunaevsky (Isaak Dunaevsky) |

Isaac Dunaevsky

… Nganikela umsebenzi wami entsheni kuze kube phakade. Ngingasho ngaphandle kwehaba ukuthi uma ngibhala ingoma entsha noma omunye umculo, ngokwengqondo ngihlale ngiwubhekisa entsheni yethu. I. Dunayevsky

Ithalente elikhulu likaDunayevsky lembulwa ngezinga elikhulu emkhakheni wezinhlobo "zokukhanya". Wayengumqambi wengoma entsha ye-Soviet mass, umculo wokuqala we-jazz, amahlaya omculo, i-operetta. Umqambi ubefuna ukugcwalisa lezi zinhlobo eziseduze nentsha ngobuhle bangempela, umusa ocashile, nokunambitheka kobuciko okuphezulu.

Ifa lokudala likaDunaevsky likhulu kakhulu. Uphethe ama-operetta angu-14, ama-ballet angu-3, ​​ama-cantata angu-2, amakhwaya angu-80, izingoma ezingu-80 nezothando, umculo wemidlalo yeshashalazi engu-88 namafilimu angu-42, izingoma ezingu-43 zezinhlobonhlobo nezingu-12 ze-jazz orchestra, 17 melodeclamations, 52 symphonic nemisebenzi yepiyano engu-47.

UDunayevsky wazalelwa emndenini wesisebenzi. Umculo wawumphelezela kusukela esemncane. Ukuhlwa komculo okuthuthukisiwe kwakuvame ukubanjelwa endlini kaDunaevsky, lapho, ngokuphefumula, u-Isaac omncane wayekhona. NgamaSonto, wayevame ukulalela i-orchestra engadini yedolobha, futhi lapho ebuyela ekhaya, wayecosha endlebeni epiyano izingoma zamamashi nezinsimbi azikhumbulayo. Iholide langempela lomfana kwaba ukuvakashela yaseshashalazini, lapho idrama yase-Ukraine neRussia kanye opera troupes enze uhambo.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-8, Dunaevsky waqala ukufunda ukudlala ivayolini. Impumelelo yakhe yayimangalisa kangangokuthi kakade ngo-1910 waba umfundi we-Kharkov Musical College ekilasini le-violin likaProfesa K. Gorsky, wabe ese-I. Ahron, i-violinist ehlakaniphile, uthisha nomqambi. UDunayevsky naye wafunda no-Ahron eKharkov Conservatory, lapho athweswa khona iziqu ngo-1919. Phakathi neminyaka yakhe ye-conservatory, uDunayevsky wabhala okuningi. Uthisha wakhe wokuqamba kwakungu-S. Bogatyrev.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ethanda kakhulu indawo yaseshashalazini, uDunayevsky, ngaphandle kokungabaza, weza kuyo ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni sokugcina izingane. “ISinelnikov Drama Theatre yayibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengokuziqhenya kweKharkov,” futhi umqondisi wayo wezobuciko “wayengomunye wabantu abavelele kakhulu enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseRussia.”

Ekuqaleni, uDunaevsky wasebenza njengomdlali we-violinist e-orchestra, wabe eseba umqhubi futhi, ekugcineni, njengenhloko yengxenye yomculo yaseshashalazini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wabhala umculo kuwo wonke ama-performances amasha.

Ngo-1924, uDunaevsky wathuthela eMoscow, lapho iminyaka eminingi esebenza njengomqondisi womculo we-Hermitage yaseshashalazini ehlukahlukene. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubhala i-operettas yakhe yokuqala: "Kokubili kweyethu neyakho", "Abakhwenyana", "Imimese", "Umsebenzi kaNdunankulu". Kodwa lezi kwakuyizinyathelo zokuqala kuphela. Izingcweti zangempela zomqambi zavela kamuva.

Unyaka ka-1929 waba ingqopha-mlando ekuphileni Dunayevsky. Kwaqala inkathi entsha, evuthiwe yomsebenzi wakhe wokudala, okwamlethela udumo olumfanele. UDunayevsky wamenywa umqondisi womculo e-Leningrad Music Hall. "Ngobuhle bakhe, ukuqonda nokulula, ngobuchwepheshe bakhe obuphezulu, wazuza uthando oluqotho lweqembu lonke lokudala," kukhumbula umculi uN. Cherkasov.

EHholo Lomculo laseLeningrad, u-L. Utyosov wayecula njalo nge-jazz yakhe. Ngakho kwaba nomhlangano wabaculi ababili abamangalisayo, okwaphenduka ubungane besikhathi eside. Ngokushesha uDunaevsky waba nesithakazelo ku-jazz futhi waqala ukubhala umculo we-Utyosov ensemble. Wakha ama-rhapsodies ezingomeni ezidumile zabaqambi baseSoviet, ngezindikimba zesiRashiya, isi-Ukraine, zamaJuda, iphupho le-jazz ezindikimbeni zezingoma zakhe, njll.

UDunayevsky no-Utyosov bavame ukusebenza ndawonye. “Ngangiyithanda le mihlangano,” kubhala u-Utyosov. - "Ngamangazwa kakhulu eDunaevsky ngokukwazi ukuzinikela ngokuphelele emculweni, nginganaki indawo ezungezile."

Ekuqaleni kwawo-30s. UDunayevsky uphendukela kumculo wefilimu. Uba ngumdali wohlobo olusha - ifilimu yamahlaya yomculo. Isikhathi esisha, esikhanyayo ekuthuthukisweni kwengoma ye-Soviet mass, eyangena empilweni kusukela esikrinini se-movie, ihlotshaniswa negama lakhe.

Ngo-1934, ifilimu ethi "Merry Fellows" yavela ezikrinini zezwe ngomculo kaDunaevsky. Le filimu yamukelwe ngesasasa izilaleli eziningi. "I-March of the Merry Guys" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach) yahamba ngokoqobo ezweni lonke, yazungeza umhlaba wonke futhi yaba enye yezingoma zokuqala zamazwe ngamazwe zesikhathi sethu. Futhi edumile "Kakhovka" kusukela ifilimu "Abangane abathathu" (1935, art. M. Svetlova)! Yayiculwa ngentshiseko intsha phakathi neminyaka yokwakhiwa ngokuthula. Yayidume futhi ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Elikhulu. INgoma Yezwe Lomama evela efilimini i-Circus (1936, ubuciko ka-V. Lebedev-Kumach) nayo yazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke. U-Dunayevsky uphinde wabhala umculo omningi omangalisayo kwamanye amafilimu: "Izingane zikaCaptain Grant", "Abafuna Injabulo", "Unozinti", "Umakoti Ocebile", "Volga-Volga", "Indlela Ekhanyayo", "Kuban Cossacks".

Ehlatshwe umxhwele umsebenzi we-cinema, eqamba izingoma ezidumile, uDunaevsky akazange aphendukele ku-operetta iminyaka eminingana. Ubuyele ohlotsheni lwakhe aluthandayo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-30s. useyinkosi evuthiwe.

Phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, uDunayevsky wahola iculo nomdanso we-Central House of Culture of Railway Workers. Nomaphi lapho leli qembu lenze khona - esifundeni saseVolga, e-Asia Ephakathi, eMpumalanga Ekude, e-Urals naseSiberia, ukufaka umfutho kubasebenzi basekhaya, ukuzethemba ekunqobeni kweSoviet Army phezu kwesitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uDunayevsky wabhala izingoma ezinesibindi, ezinokhahlo ezathola ukuthandwa phambili.

Ekugcineni, kwaduma impi yokugcina. Izwe lalipholisa amanxeba alo. Futhi eNtshonalanga, iphunga lesibhamu futhi.

Kule minyaka, umzabalazo wokuthula uye waba umgomo oyinhloko wabo bonke abantu abanenhliziyo enhle. UDunayevsky, njengabanye abaculi abaningi, wayebambe iqhaza emzabalazweni wokuthula. Ngo-August 29, 1947, i-operetta yakhe ethi “Umoya Okhululekile” yenziwa ngempumelelo enkulu eMoscow Operetta Theatre. Indikimba yomzabalazo wokuthula iphinde ifakwe efilimini eyidokhumentari enomculo kaDunaevsky ethi “We are for peace” (1951). Ingoma enezingoma ezimangalisayo evela kule filimu ethi, “Fly, doves,” yazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke. Yaba uphawu lwe-VI World Youth Festival eMoscow.

Umsebenzi wokugcina kaDunaevsky, i-operetta White Acacia (1955), uyisibonelo esihle kakhulu se-Soviet lyrical operetta. Yeka intshiseko umqambi abhale ngayo “ingoma yakhe yedada”, angakaze “ayicule”! Ukufa kwamwisa phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe. Umqambi u-K. Molchanov ugcwalise i-operetta ngokusho kwemidwebo eshiywe nguDunayevsky.

I-premiere ye "White Acacia" yenzeka ngoNovemba 15, 1955 eMoscow. Yayidlalwa yi-Odessa Theatre of Musical Comedy. “Futhi kuyadabukisa ukucabanga,” kubhala umqondisi omkhulu wemidlalo yeshashalazi u-I. Grinshpun, “ukuthi u-Isaak Osipovich akazange awubone u-Acacia oMhlophe esiteji, akakwazanga ukuba ngufakazi wenjabulo ayinikeza kokubili abadlali nabalaleli. … Kodwa ubeyingcweti injabulo yomuntu!

M. Komissarskaya

Ukwakhiwa:

amabhalethi – Ukuphumula kwe-Faun (1924), i-ballet yezingane uMurzilka (1924), iDolobha (1924), i-Ballet Suite (1929); i-operetta - Kokubili eyethu neyakho (1924, post. 1927, Moscow Theatre of Musical Buffoonery), Bridegrooms (1926, post. 1927, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Straw Hat (1927, Musical Theatre eqanjwe VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow; edition 2nd 1938, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Imimese (1928, Moscow Satire Theatre), Premiere Career (1929, Tashkent Operetta Theatre), Polar Growths (1929, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Million Torments (1932, ibid. ), Golden Valley (1938, ibid.; 2nd edition 1955, ibid.), Roads to Happiness (1941, Leningrad Theatre of Musical Comedy), Free Wind (1947, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Son of a Clown (igama langempela . - The Flying Clown, 1960, ibid ), I-White Acacia (izinsimbi zika-G. Cherny, faka inombolo ye-ballet ethi “Palmushka” kanye nengoma kaLarisa esenzweni sesi-3 zabhalwa ngu-KB Molchanov ezihlokweni ze-Dunaevsky; 1955, ibid.); ama-cantata - Sizofika (1945), Leningrad, sikanye nawe (1945); umculo wamafilimu - I-platoon yokuqala (1933), owazalwa kabili (1934), abafana bakaMerry (1934), izibani zegolide (1934), amaqabane amathathu (1935), Indlela yomkhumbi (1935), indodakazi ye-Motherland (1936), uMfowethu (1936), Circus (1936), Intombazane Esheshayo Ngosuku (1936), Izingane zikaCaptain Grant (1936), Abafuna Injabulo (1936), Umoya Olungile (no-BM Bogdanov-Berezovsky, 1936), i-Beethoven Concerto (1937), Rich Bride (1937), Volga-Volga (1938), Bright way (1940), Sthandwa sami (1940), New house (1946), Spring (1947), Kuban Cossacks (1949), Stadium (1949) , Ikhonsathi kaMashenka (1949), We are for the world (1951), Winged Defense (1953), Substitute (1954), Jolly Stars (1954), Test of Loyalty (1954); izingoma, kuhl. Far Path (amagama ka-EA Dolmatovsky, 1938), Heroes of Khasan (amagama ka-VI Lebedev-Kumach, 1939), On the enemy, for the Motherland, phambili (amagama ahlatshelelwayo nguLebedev-Kumach, 1941), My Moscow (amagama engoma kanye noLisyansky kanye no-S. Agranyan, 1942), I-Military March of the Railway Workers (izingoma zika-SA Vasiliev, 1944), ngasuka e-Berlin (izingoma zika-LI Oshanin, 1945), Ingoma emayelana ne-Moscow (izingoma zika-B. Vinnikov, 1946) , Izindlela -roads (lyrics by S. Ya. Alymov, 1947), ngingumama osekhulile wase-Rouen (amagama engoma ka-G. Rublev, 1949), Ingoma yezinsizwa (amagama engoma ka-ML Matusovsky, 1951), i-School waltz (amagama. Matusovsky , 1952), Waltz Evening (izingoma zikaMatusovsky, 1953), Moscow Lights (izingoma zikaMatusovsky, 1954) nabanye; umculo wemidlalo yeshashalazi, izinhlelo zomsakazo; umculo we-pop, kuhl. ukubuyekezwa kwe-jazz yaseshashalazini Isitolo Somculo (1932), njll.