Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov |

Anatoly Orfenov

Umculi waseRussia u-Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov wazalwa ngo-1908 emndenini wompristi edolobhaneni laseSushki, esifundazweni saseRyazan, eduze nedolobha laseKasimov, indawo yasendulo yamakhosana angamaTatar. Umndeni wawunezingane eziyisishiyagalombili. Wonke umuntu wacula. Kodwa Anatoly kwaba yedwa, naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima, owaba umculi okhokhelwayo. “Sasihlala namalambu kaphalafini,” kukhumbula lo mculi, “sasingenakho ukuzijabulisa, kanye kuphela ngonyaka, ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi, kwakwenziwa imidlalo yezimfundamakhwela. Sasinegilamafoni esasiqala ngayo ngamaholide, futhi ngalalela amarekhodi kaSobinov, uSobinov wayengumculi wami engimthandayo, ngangifuna ukufunda kuye, ngifuna ukumlingisa. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi le nsizwa yayicabanga ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa nje ingaba nenhlanhla yokubona uSobinov, ukuze asebenze naye ezingxenyeni zakhe zokuqala ze-opera.

Ubaba womkhaya washona ngo-1920, futhi ngaphansi kombuso omusha, izingane zomfundisi zazingenakuthembela emfundweni ephakeme.

Ngo-1928, u-Orfenov wafika eMoscow, futhi ngokuqondisa kukaNkulunkulu wakwazi ukungena ezikoleni ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi esisodwa - umculo we-pedagogical nakusihlwa (manje i-Ippolitov-Ivanov Academy). Wafunda amazwi ekilasini likathisha onethalente u-Alexander Akimovich Pogorelsky, umlandeli wesikole sase-Italy sase-bel canto (uPogorelsky wayengumfundi kaCamillo Everardi), futhi u-Anatoly Orfenov wayenele ngalesi sitokwe solwazi lochwepheshe impilo yakhe yonke. Ukwakhiwa komculi osemusha kwenzeka phakathi nenkathi yokuvuselela okujulile kwesiteji se-opera, lapho ukunyakaza kwe-studio kwanda, kuphikisana nesiqondiso sezemfundo se-semi-official yaseshashalazini kahulumeni. Kodwa-ke, emathunjini eBolshoi kanye neMariinsky efanayo kwakukhona ukulungiswa okucacile kwamasiko amadala. Izambulo ezintsha zesizukulwane sokuqala se-Soviet tenors, eholwa nguKozlovsky noLemeshev, zashintsha kakhulu okuqukethwe kwendima "ye-lyric tenor", kuyilapho eSt. U-Orfenov, owangena empilweni yakhe yokudala, kusukela ezinyathelweni zokuqala wakwazi ukungaduki phakathi kwamagama anjalo, ngoba iqhawe lethu lalinomsebenzi ozimele womuntu siqu, i-palette ngayinye yezindlela ezicacile, ngaleyo ndlela "umuntu onenkulumo engavamile".

Okokuqala, ngo-1933, wakwazi ukungena ekwayeni ye-Opera Theatre-Studio ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaKS Stanislavsky (i-studio yayisendlu kaStanislavsky eLeontievsky Lane, kamuva yathuthela eBolshay Dmitrovka eya endaweni yangaphambili ye-operetta). Umkhaya wawuthanda inkolo kakhulu, ugogo wayengafuni ukuphila ngaphandle kokuziphilisa, futhi u-Anatoly wamfihlela unina isikhathi eside ukuthi wayesebenza enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Lapho ebika lokhu, wamangala: “Kungani ekwayeni?” Umguquli omkhulu wesiteji saseRussia uStanislavsky kanye nomculi omkhulu wezwe laseRussia uSobinov, owayengasaculi futhi engumeluleki wezwi eSitudiyo, wabona insizwa ende nenhle evela ekwayeni, ayizange ilalele leli zwi kuphela, kodwa nasekukhuthaleni nasekuzithobeni komnikazi wayo. Ngakho u-Orfenov waba nguLensky ekusebenzeni okudumile kukaStanislavsky; ngo-April 1935, inkosi ngokwakhe wamethula ukusebenza, phakathi kwabanye abadlali abasha. (Izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zekusasa lobuciko zizoqhubeka zixhunyaniswa nesithombe sikaLensky - i-debut egatsheni leBolshoi Theatre, bese kuba sesiteji esikhulu seBolshoi). U-Leonid Vitalievich wabhalela u-Konstantin Sergeevich: "Ngayala u-Orfenov, onezwi elithandekayo, ukuba alungiselele ngokushesha uLensky, ngaphandle kuka-Ernesto waseDon Pasquale. Futhi kamuva: "Wanginika u-Orfen Lensky lapha, futhi kahle kakhulu." U-Stanislavsky uchithe isikhathi esiningi nokunaka ku-debutant, njengoba kufakazelwa imibhalo yokuphindaphinda kanye nezikhumbuzo zomculi ngokwakhe: "UKonstantin Sergeevich wakhuluma nami amahora amaningi. Mayelana nani? Mayelana nezinyathelo zami zokuqala esiteji, mayelana nenhlalakahle yami kulokhu noma kuleyo ndima, mayelana nemisebenzi nezenzo zomzimba ngokuqinisekile aziletha kumaphuzu wendima, mayelana nokukhululwa kwemisipha, mayelana nokuziphatha komdlali empilweni. nasesiteji. Bekuwumsebenzi omkhulu wokufundisa, futhi ngimbonga uthisha wami ngayo yonke inhliziyo yami.”

Ukusebenza nezingcweti ezinkulu zobuciko baseRussia ekugcineni kwakha ubuntu bobuciko bomculi. Ngokushesha u-Orfenov wathatha isikhundla esiphambili eqenjini le-Stanislavsky Opera House. Izilaleli zakhangwa ubunjalo bemvelo, ubuqotho nobulula bokuziphatha kwakhe esiteji. Akazange abe "i-sound-coder" emnandi, umsindo awuzange usebenze njengesiphetho ngokwawo kumculi. U-Orfenov wayevela njalo emculweni kanye negama elithi umshado, kule nyunyana wabheka amafindo amakhulu ezindima zakhe. Iminyaka eminingi, u-Stanislavsky wakhulisa umbono wokwenza i-Rigoletto kaVerdi, futhi ngo-1937-38. babe nokuprakthiza okuyisishiyagalombili. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi (kuhlanganise, mhlawumbe, lezo uBulgakov abhala ngazo ngendlela engokomfanekiso edabukisayo ethi Theatre Novel), umsebenzi wokukhiqiza wamiswa, futhi ukusebenza kwakhululwa ngemva kokufa kukaStanislavsky ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaMeyerhold. , umqondisi oyinhloko wetiyetha ngaleso sikhathi. Yeka ukuthi umsebenzi othakazelisayo ku-"Rigoletto" wawungahlulelwa kanjani ezikhumbuzo zika-Anatoly Orfenov "Izinyathelo Zokuqala", ezanyatheliswa encwadini ethi "Soviet Music" (1963, No. 1).

walwela ukukhombisa esiteji "ukuphila komoya womuntu" ... Kwakubaluleke kakhulu kuye ukukhombisa umzabalazo "wabalulazayo nabathukwayo" - uGilda noRigoletto, kunokumangaza izethameli ngamanothi aphezulu ayishumi nambili abaculi kanye nobukhazikhazi bendawo ... Wanikeza izinketho ezimbili zesithombe sikaDuke. U-Odin uyisidlali somculo esishisekayo ofana noFrancis I ngaphandle, ovezwe ngu-V. Hugo kudrama ethi The King Amuses himself. Enye insizwa ebukekayo, ebukekayo, enentshisekelo efanayo nge-Countess Ceprano, i-Gilda elula, kanye noMaddalena.

Esithombeni sokuqala, lapho ikhethini liphakanyiswa, uMbusi uhlezi kuvulandi ongaphezulu wenqaba etafuleni, emfanekisweni kaKonstantin Sergeevich, "ohlanganiswe" nabesifazane ... akanalo ulwazi lwasesiteji, indlela yokuma phakathi nesiteji futhi ucule lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “i-aria enamagilavu,” okungukuthi, i-ballad ye-Duke? KwaStanislavsky, uDuke wacula ingoma efana nengoma yokuphuza. U-Konstantin Sergeevich wanginika uchungechunge lwemisebenzi yomzimba, noma, mhlawumbe, kungaba ngcono ukusho, izenzo zomzimba: ukuhambahamba etafuleni, ukugubha izibuko nabesifazane. Ufune ukuthi ngibe nesikhathi sokubheka ngamunye wabo ngesikhathi se-ballad. Ngalokhu, wavikela umculi "ku-voids" endimeni. Sasingekho isikhathi sokucabanga "ngomsindo", ngomphakathi.

Okunye okusha kukaStanislavsky esenzweni sokuqala kwakuyisigameko lapho uDuke Rigoletto ebhaxabulwa ngesiswebhu, ngemuva kokuthi “ethuke” u-Count Ceprano ... Lesi sigameko asingihambelanga kahle, ukushaywa kwaphenduka “i-opera”, okungukuthi kwakunzima ukukholelwa kukho, futhi lapho ezivivinywa ngangimthanda kakhulu.

Esenzweni sesibili ngesikhathi se-duet, u-Gilda ufihla ngemuva kwefasitela lendlu kayise, futhi umsebenzi obekwe nguStanislavsky kuMbusi kwakuwukumkhipha lapho, noma okungenani ambuke ngefasitela. UDuke unezimbali eziningi ezifihlwe ngaphansi kwejazi lakhe. Imbali eyodwa ngesikhathi, uyinika uGilda ngefasitela. (Isithombe esidumile ngefasitela sasifakwe kuyo yonke imibhalo ye-opera - A.Kh.). Esenzweni sesithathu, uStanislavsky wayefuna ukukhombisa uMbusi njengendoda yesikhashana nemizwa. Lapho izikhulu zitshela uMbusi ukuthi "intombazane isesigodlweni sakho" (ukukhiqizwa kwakungenguqulo yesiRashiya ehlukile kweyamukelwa ngokuvamile - A.Kh.), uguqulwa ngokuphelele, uhlabelela enye i-aria, cishe engakaze yenziwe. kumatiyetha. Le aria inzima kakhulu, futhi nakuba kungekho amanothi aphezulu kune-octave yesibili kuyo, ishubile kakhulu ku-tessitura.

Eno-Stanislavsky, owalwa ngokungakhathali ne-vampuca ye-operatic, u-Orfenov naye wenza izingxenye ze-Lykov ku-The Tsar's Bride, i-Holy Fool e-Boris Godunov, i-Almaviva ku-Barber yaseSeville, no-Bakhshi ku-Lev Stepanov's Darvaz Gorge. Futhi wayengeke ashiye yaseshashalazini ukube uStanislavsky akafanga. Ngemva kokufa kukaKonstantin Sergeevich kwaqala ukuhlanganiswa neNemirovich-Danchenko Theatre (lezi kwakuyizinkundla ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele, futhi indida yesiphetho yayiwukuthi baxhumene). Ngalesi sikhathi "esinzima", u-Orfenov, umculi ofanelekayo we-RSFSR, wabamba iqhaza kweminye yemikhiqizo ye-Nemirovich eyakha inkathi, wahlabelela eParis ku-"Beautiful Elena" (lo msebenzi, ngenhlanhla, wabhalwa emsakazweni ngo-1948. ), kodwa namanje emoyeni wayenguStanislav weqiniso. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwakhe ngo-1942 kusukela eStanislavsky naseNemirovich-Danchenko yaseshashalazini kuya eBolshoi kwanqunywa kusengaphambili isiphetho ngokwaso. Nakuba uSergei Yakovlevich Lemeshev encwadini yakhe ethi "The Way to Art" eveza umbono wokuthi abaculi abavelele (abanjengoPechkovsky kanye naye) bashiye uStanislavsky ngenxa yokuzizwa beqinile futhi benethemba lokuthuthukisa amakhono ezwi ezindaweni ezibanzi. Endabeni ka-Orfenov, ngokusobala, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.

Ukunganeliseki kokudala ekuqaleni kwawo-40 kwamphoqa ukuba "acime indlala yakhe" "eceleni", futhi ngesizini ye-1940/41 u-Orfenov wabambisana ngentshiseko ne-State Opera Ensemble yase-USSR ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-IS Kozlovsky. “Umuntu waseYurophu” kakhulu womoya wenkathi yamaSoviet wabe esethatheka ngemibono yokudlalwa kwe-opera ekhonsathini (namuhla le mibono ithole ukufana okuphumelelayo kakhulu eNtshonalanga ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi isiteji esincane. , “imidlalo engasoze yabuna” ngaphandle kwezindawo nezimpahla zokugqoka, kodwa ngokuhlanganyela abalingisi) futhi njengomqondisi, wenza isiteji semidlalo ka-Werther, Orpheus, Pagliatsev, Mozart kanye noSalieri, Arkas' Katerina kanye neNatalka-Poltavka kaLysenko. "Sasiphupha ngokuthola uhlobo olusha lwe-opera, isisekelo sayo esizwakalayo, hhayi umbukwane," kukhumbula u-Ivan Semenovich kamuva. Esikhathini sokuqala, uKozlovsky ngokwakhe wahlabelela izingxenye eziyinhloko, kodwa esikhathini esizayo wayedinga usizo. Ngakho-ke u-Anatoly Orfenov wacula ingxenye ye-Werther enomusa izikhathi eziyisikhombisa, kanye ne-Mozart ne-Beppo e-Pagliacci (i-Harlequin's serenade kwakudingeka ifakwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3). Imisebenzi yenziwa e-Great Hall of the Conservatory, House of Scientists, Central House of Artists kanye nasekhampasi. Maye, ukuba khona kwe-ensemble kwaba okwesikhashana kakhulu.

Military 1942. AmaJalimane ziyeza. Ukuqhuma kwamabhomu. Ukukhathazeka. Abasebenzi abakhulu beBolshoi Theatre bathuthelwa eKuibyshev. Futhi eMoscow namuhla badlala isenzo sokuqala, kusasa badlala i-opera kuze kube sekugcineni. Ngaleso sikhathi ukukhathazeka Orfenov waqala ukumenywa e-Bolshoi: okokuqala isikhathi esisodwa, kamuva, njengengxenye qembu. Ngesizotha, efuna ngokwakhe, kusukela esikhathini sikaStanislavsky wakwazi ukubona konke okuhle kakhulu kubalingani bakhe esiteji. Futhi kwakukhona umuntu ozoyibona - yonke i-arsenal yegolide yamazwi aseRussia ngaleso sikhathi yayisebenza ngokuhlelekile, eholwa ngu-Obukhova, uBarsova, uMaksakova, uReizen, uPirogov noKhanaev. Phakathi neminyaka engu-13 yenkonzo e-Bolshoi, u-Orfenov waba nethuba lokusebenza nabaqhubi abakhulu abane: uSamuil Samosud, u-Ariy Pazovsky, u-Nikolai Golovanov no-Alexander Melik-Pashaev. Ngokudabukisayo, kodwa inkathi yanamuhla ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngobukhazikhazi nobuhle obunjalo.

Kanye nozakwabo ababili abaseduze kakhulu, abaculi bezingoma uSolomon Khromchenko noPavel Chekin, u-Orfenov wathatha umugqa "wesibili we-echelon" etafuleni laseshashalazini lezinga ngokushesha ngemva kukaKozlovsky noLemeshev. Laba badlali ababili abayizimbangi bajabulela uthando oluvamile oluhlanganisa yonke into, oluncike ekukhonzeni izithombe. Kwanele ukukhumbula izimpi ezinonya zaseshashalazini phakathi kwamabutho "amaKazlovite" kanye "namaLemeshist" ukucabanga ukuthi kwakunzima kangakanani ukungalahleki futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthatha indawo efanelekile kulo mongo we-tenor kunoma yimuphi umculi omusha ofanayo. indima. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi imvelo yobuciko ka-Orfenov yayisondelene nomoya oqotho, "Yesenin" ekuqaleni kobuciko bukaLemeshev kwakungadingi ubufakazi obukhethekile, kanye neqiniso lokuthi ngokuhlonishwa waphumelela ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa okungenakugwenywa nabaqaphi bezithombe. Yebo, ama-premiere ayengavamile ukunikezwa, futhi ukudlala lapho kukhona khona u-Stalin kwakudlalwa kancane kancane. Kodwa wamukelekile njalo ukucula ngokushintsha (idayari yomculi igcwele amanothi "Esikhundleni se-Kozlovsky", "Esikhundleni se-Lemeshev. Kubikwa ngehora lesi-4 ntambama"; kwakunguLemeshev Orfenov owayevame umshuwalense). Idayari ka-Orfenov, lapho umdwebi abhala khona ukuphawula ngakunye kwemidlalo yakhe, kungenzeka angabi nenani elikhulu lokubhala, kodwa ayidokhumenti eyigugu yenkathi - sinethuba lokuzwa ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba "kwesibili." irowu” futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bathola ukwaneliseka okujabulisayo emsebenzini wakhe, kodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwethula impilo yeBolshoi Theatre kusukela ngo-1942 kuya ku-1955, hhayi ngombono osemthethweni we-parade, kodwa ngokombono wokusebenza okuvamile. izinsuku. Babhala ngama-premiere e-Pravda futhi banikeza imiklomelo ka-Stalin kubo, kodwa kwakungabalingiswa besibili noma besithathu ababesekela ukusebenza okuvamile kwemidlalo esikhathini sangemva koNdunankulu. Kwakuwumsebenzi othembekile futhi ongakhathali weBolshoi u-Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov.

Yiqiniso, waphinde wathola umklomelo wakhe kaStalin - weVasek ku-Smetana's The Bartered Bride. Bekuyinganekwane ka-Boris Pokrovsky no-Kirill Kondrashin ekuhunyushweni kwesiRashiya ngu-Sergei Mikhalkov. Lo mkhiqizo wenziwa ngo-1948 ukuhlonipha iminyaka engu-30 yeRiphabhulikhi yaseCzechoslovak, kodwa waba omunye wamahlaya athandwa kakhulu ngumphakathi futhi wahlala e-repertoire iminyaka eminingi. Ofakazi bokuzibonela abaningi babheka isithombe esibi sika-Vashek njengesiqongo kumlando wokudala womdwebi. "UVashek wayenaleyo volumu yomlingiswa ekhaphela ukuhlakanipha kwangempela kokudala kombhali wesithombe sesiteji - umlingisi. I-Vashek Orfenova iyisithombe esenziwe ngobuqili nangobuhlakani. Ukushiyeka ngokomzimba komlingiswa (ukungingiza, ubuwula) kwakugqokiswe esiteji ngezingubo zothando lomuntu, amahlaya kanye nokuthakazelisa "(BA Pokrovsky).

U-Orfenov wayebhekwa njengochwepheshe ku-repertoire yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, eyayidlalwa kakhulu eGatsheni, ngakho ngokuvamile kwakudingeka acule lapho, esakhiweni seSolodovnikovsky Theatre eBolshaya Dmitrovka (lapho i-Mamontov Opera ne-Zimin Opera yayitholakala khona. ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19-20, futhi manje usebenza "Moscow Operetta"). Enomusa futhi ebukekayo, naphezu kokonakala kwentukuthelo yakhe, kwakunguDuke wakhe eRigoletto. U-Count Almaviva okhaliphile wacwebezela nangengqondo yakhe ethi The Barber of Seville (kule opera, enzima kunoma iyiphi i-tenor, u-Orfenov wabeka uhlobo lwerekhodi lomuntu siqu - wayicula izikhathi ezingu-107). Indima ka-Alfred eLa Traviata yakhelwe ekuhlukeni: insizwa enamahloni othandweni yaphenduka indoda enomona ephuphuthekiswe ukucasuka nentukuthelo, futhi ekupheleni kwe-opera yabonakala njengomuntu onothando ngokujulile futhi ophendukile. I-repertoire yesiFulentshi yayimelwe yi-opera yamahlaya ka-Faust no-Aubert uFra Diavolo (ingxenye yesihloko kulo mdlalo kwaba umsebenzi wokugcina waseshashalazini kaLemeshev, kanye no-Orfenov - indima yomculo we-carabinieri uLorenzo). Ucule ekaMozart ethi Don Ottavio kuDon Giovanni nekaBeethoven ethi Jacquino ekukhiqizeni okudumile kweFidelio noGalina Vishnevskaya.

Igalari yezithombe zaseRussia ze-Orfenov ivulwe ngokufanelekile nguLensky. Izwi lomculi, elaline-timbre ethambile, esobala, ukuthambile nokunwebeka komsindo, lalifanelana kahle nesithombe seqhawe elincane lamazwi. I-Lensky yakhe yayihlukaniswa yinkimbinkimbi ekhethekile yobuthakathaka, ukungavikeleki ezivunguvungwini zezwe. Esinye isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando sasiwumfanekiso wesiwula esingcwele ku-"Boris Godunov". Kulo mdlalo oyingqopha-mlando kaBaratov-Golovanov-Fyodorovsky, u-Anatoly Ivanovich wahlabelela phambi kukaStalin okokuqala ngqa empilweni yakhe ngo-1947. Esinye sezenzakalo "ezimangalisayo" zokuphila kwezobuciko nazo zihlobene nalokhu kukhiqizwa - ngolunye usuku, ngesikhathi sikaRigoletto. , U-Orfenov waziswa ukuthi ekupheleni kwe-opera kufanele afike evela egatsheni esiteji esikhulu (imizuzu engu-5 ukuhamba) futhi acule i-Holy Fool. Kwakungalesi senzo lapho ngo-Okthoba 9, 1968, ithimba leBolshoi Theatre lagubha iminyaka engu-60 yomculi kanye nokugubha iminyaka engu-35 yomsebenzi wakhe wokudala. UGennady Rozhdestvensky, owaqhuba ngalobo busuku, wabhala “encwadini yemisebenzi”: “Ukuphila isikhathi eside kobuchwepheshe!” Futhi umlingisi wendima ka-Boris, u-Alexander Vedernikov, waphawula: U-Orfenov unempahla eyigugu kakhulu yomculi - umuzwa wokulinganisa. Isiwula Sakhe Esingcwele siwuphawu lukanembeza wabantu, njengoba nje umqambi acabanga ngalo.”

U-Orfenov uvele izikhathi ezingu-70 emfanekisweni weSinodal ku-Demon, i-opera manje eseyivelakancane, futhi ngaleso sikhathi enye yezingoma eziningi kakhulu. Ukunqoba okungathi sína komdwebi bekuphinde kube ngamaphathi afana ne-Indian Guest e-Sadko kanye ne-Tsar Berendey e-Snegurochka. Futhi okuphambene nalokho, ngokusho komculi ngokwakhe, uBayan e "Ruslan noLyudmila", uVladimir Igorevich ku "Prince Igor" noGritsko ku "Sorochinsky Fair" abazange bashiye umkhondo okhanyayo (umculi wabheka indima yomfana ku-opera kaMussorgsky. ekuqaleni "balimele", kusukela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuqala kulokhu kusebenza, ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka emgqeni). Ukuphela komlingiswa waseRussia owashiya umculi engenandaba kwakunguLykov kuMlobokazi weTsar - ubhala encwadini yakhe yedayari: "Angimthandi uLykov." Ngokusobala, ukubamba iqhaza kuma-opera aseSoviet akuzange kuvuse isasasa lomculi, noma kunjalo, cishe akazange ahlanganyele kuwo eBolshoi, ngaphandle kwe-opera yosuku olulodwa kaKabalevsky "Ngaphansi kweMoscow" (uMuscovite Vasily osemusha), i-opera yezingane zikaKrasev " Morozko” (Umkhulu) kanye ne-opera kaMuradeli ethi “The Great Friendship”.

Ngokubambisana nabantu nezwe, iqhawe lethu alizange liphunyuke ezinkingeni zomlando. NgoNovemba 7, 1947, i-opera ye-Vano Muradeli ethi The Great Friendship yenzeka eBolshoi Theatre, lapho u-Anatoly Orfenov enza khona ingxenye yomculo kamalusi uDzhemal. Okwenzeka ngokulandelayo, wonke umuntu uyazi - isimemezelo esibi seKomiti Ephakathi ye-CPSU. Kungani ngempela le opera "yengoma" engenabungozi ngokuphelele yasebenza njengesibonakaliso sokuqala kokushushiswa okusha kwe "formalists" uShostakovich noProkofiev kungenye imfumbe ye-dialectics. I-dialectic yesiphetho sika-Orfenov ayimangalisi neze: wayeyisishoshovu esikhulu sezenhlalakahle, isekela loMkhandlu Wesifunda Wamasekela Abantu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, impilo yakhe yonke wayegcina ukholo lwakhe kuNkulunkulu, waya obala esontweni futhi wenqaba. ukujoyina Iqembu LamaKhomanisi. Kuyamangaza ukuthi akazange atshalwe.

Ngemva kokufa kukaStalin, kwahlelwa ukuhlanzwa okuhle endaweni yeshashalazi - kwaqala ushintsho lokwenziwa kokwenziwa. Futhi u-Anatoly Orfenov wayengomunye wabokuqala owanikezwa ukuqonda ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sempesheni yabadala, nakuba ngo-1955 umculi wayeneminyaka engu-47 kuphela. Wafaka isicelo sokusula ngokushesha. Kwakuyimpahla yakhe ebalulekile - ukuthi ahambe ngokushesha lapho ayengamukelekile khona.

Ukubambisana okunezithelo neRadio kwaqala ngo-Orfenov emuva kuma-40s - izwi lakhe lavela ngokumangalisayo "i-radiogenic" futhi lingena kahle ekurekhodeni. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungesona isikhathi esikhanya kakhulu sezwe, lapho inkulumo-ze yobushiqela yayidlangala, lapho umoya wawugcwele izinkulumo zobuzimu zommangaleli omkhulu emacaleni aqanjiwe, ukusakazwa komculo kwakungagcini nje kumamashi abashisekeli nezingoma ezimayelana noStalin. , kodwa ezakudala ezinyusiwe. Yayizwakala amahora amaningi ngosuku, kokubili ekurekhodweni nasekusakazweni okuvela ezitudiyo nasemahholo ekhonsathi. Iminyaka yama-50s yangena emlandweni weRadio njengomlando we-opera - kwakuphakathi nale minyaka lapho isitokwe segolide se-opera yesikhwama somsakazo saqoshwa khona. Ngaphezu kwamaphuzu aziwayo, imisebenzi eminingi yokuhlinza ekhohliwe futhi engavamile ukwenziwa iphinde yazalwa, njengePan Voyevoda kaRimsky-Korsakov, iVoyevoda kaTchaikovsky kanye ne-Oprichnik. Ngokuphathelene nokubaluleka kwezobuciko, iqembu lamazwi leRadio, uma lingaphansi kweBolshoi Theatre, lalincane. Amagama kaZara Dolukhanova, Natalia Rozhdestvenskaya, Deborah Pantofel-Nechetskaya, Nadezhda Kazantseva, Georgy Vinogradov, uVladimir Bunchikov ayesezindebeni zawo wonke umuntu. Isimo sokudala nesimo sobuntu emsakazweni wangaleyo minyaka sasingavamile. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lobuchwepheshe, ukunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa, ikhono lokudlala, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuhlakanipha kwabasebenzi, umuzwa womphakathi wenhlangano kanye nokusizana okuhlangene kuyaqhubeka nokujabulisa eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, lapho konke lokhu sekuphelile. Imisebenzi emsakazweni, lapho u-Orfenov wayengeyena nje umculi oyedwa, kodwa futhi umqondisi wezobuciko weqembu lezwi, waba nezithelo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokuqoshwa okuningi kwesitoko, lapho u-Anatoly Ivanovich abonisa khona izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezwi lakhe, wethula ukusebenza kwamakhonsathi omphakathi ama-opera eHholo lamakholomu eNdlu Yezinyunyana. Ngeshwa, namuhla leli qoqo elicebe kakhulu lomculo orekhodiwe liye labonakala lingekho endaweni futhi linesisindo esibucayi - inkathi yokusetshenziswa ibeke phambili izinto ezibalulekile zomculo ezihluke ngokuphelele.

U-Anatoly Orfenov wayaziwa kabanzi njengomdlali wekamelo. Waphumelela ngokukhethekile emazwini omculo wesiRashiya. Ukurekhodwa kweminyaka eyahlukene kubonisa isitayela semvelo somculi we-watercolor kanye, ngesikhathi esifanayo, nekhono lokudlulisa idrama efihliwe yombhalo ongezansi. Umsebenzi we-Orfenov ohlotsheni lwekamelo uhlukaniswa ngamasiko nokunambitheka okuhle. Iphalethi yeciko lezindlela ezivezwayo inothile - kusukela cishe kwe-ethereal mezza voce kanye ne-transparent cantilena kuya kumvuthwandaba ozwakalayo. Kumarekhodi ka-1947-1952. Imvelaphi yesitayela yomqambi ngamunye idluliswa ngokunembe kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-elegiac kwezothando zikaGlinka kuhambisana nokulula okuqotho kwezothando zikaGurilev (i-Bell edumile, eyethulwa kule diski, ingasebenza njengendinganiso yokusebenza komculo wegumbi wenkathi yangaphambi kwe-Glinka). E-Dargomyzhsky, u-Orfenov wayethanda ikakhulukazi i-romance ethi "Kuyini egameni lami kuwe" nokuthi "Ngafa ngenjabulo", ayihumusha njengemidwebo yengqondo ecashile. Ezothando zikaRimsky-Korsakov, umculi waqala isiqalo esingokomzwelo ngokujula kobuhlakani. I-monologue ka-Rachmaninov ethi "Ebusuku engadini yami" izwakala icacile futhi iyamangalisa. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuqoshwa kothando kukaTaneyev noTcherepnin, omculo wabo ongavamile ukuzwakala kumakhonsathi.

Izingoma zothando zikaTaneyev zibonakala ngemizwa nemibala ehlaba umxhwele. Umqambi wakwazi ukuthwebula ezithombeni zakhe izinguquko ezicashile ze-shades esimweni seqhawe lezingoma. Imicabango nemizwa kuhambisana nomsindo womoya wasebusuku basentwasahlobo noma isivunguvungu esincane sebhola (njengasezothando ezaziwayo ezisekelwe ezinkondlweni zika-Y. Polonsky "Mask"). Ecabanga ngobuciko bekamelo le-Tcherepnin, isazi sezeMfundo u-Boris Asafiev sadonsela ukunaka ethonyeni lesikole sase-Rimsky-Korsakov kanye ne-French impressionism ("amandla adonsela phansi ekubambeni imibono yemvelo, emoyeni, ekugqameni, ekukhanyeni nasethunzini") . Ezothando ezisekelwe ezinkondlweni zikaTyutchev, lezi zici zibonakala ngombala omuhle wokuvumelana nokuthungwa, ngemininingwane emihle, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yepiyano. Ukurekhodwa kwezothando zaseRussia okwenziwa ngu-Orfenov kanye nomdlali wepiyano uDavid Gaklin kuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokwenza umculo we-chamber ensemble.

Ngo-1950, u-Anatoly Orfenov waqala ukufundisa eGnessin Institute. Wayenguthisha onakekelayo noqondayo. Akazange aphoqelele, akazange aphoqelele ukulingisa, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi wayesuka kumuntu ngamunye kanye namakhono omfundi ngamunye. Ngisho noma akekho kubo owaba ngumculi omkhulu futhi engazange enze umsebenzi womhlaba, kodwa bangaki uprofesa ohlangene naye u-Orfenov owakwazi ukulungisa amazwi - wayevame ukunikezwa abangenathemba noma labo abangazange bathathwe emakilasini abo ngabanye, othisha abafisa ukuvelela. . Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kwakungewona abaculi kuphela, kodwa futhi namabhesi (tenor Yuri Speransky, owayesebenza ku-USSR yaseshashalazini ehlukahlukene, manje uhola umnyango wokuqeqeshwa kwe-opera eGnessin Academy). Kwakukhona amazwi ambalwa abesifazane, futhi phakathi kwabo kwakukhona indodakazi endala ULyudmila, kamuva owaba soloist Bolshoi Theatre Choir. Igunya lika-Orfenov njengothisha ekugcineni laba ngamazwe ngamazwe. Umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa wangaphandle wesikhathi eside (cishe iminyaka eyishumi) waqala eShayina futhi waqhubeka e-conservatories yaseCairo naseBratislava.

Ngo-1963, kwaqala ukubuyela e-Bolshoi Theatre, lapho u-Anatoly Ivanovich ephethe iqembu le-opera iminyaka engu-6 - lena kwakuyiminyaka lapho uLa Scala efika okokuqala, futhi iBolshoi yavakashela eMilan, lapho izinkanyezi zesikhathi esizayo (Obraztsova) Atlantov , Nesterenko, Mazurok, Kasrashvili, Sinyavskaya, Piavko). Ngokwenkumbulo yabaculi abaningi, lalingekho iqembu elimnandi kangaka. U-Orfenov wayehlale ekwazi ukuthatha isikhundla "segolide" phakathi kwabaphathi nabahlabeleli, besekela abahlabeleli, ikakhulukazi intsha, ngezeluleko ezinhle. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s no-70s, amandla e-Bolshoi Theatre aphinde ashintsha, futhi yonke i-directory, eholwa nguChulaki no-Anastasiev, yahamba. Ngo-1980, lapho u-Anatoly Ivanovich ebuya eCzechoslovakia, wabizwa ngokushesha ngokuthi iBolshoi. Ngo-1985, wathatha umhlalaphansi ngenxa yokugula. Washona ngo-1987. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseVagankovsky.

Sinezwi lakhe. Kwakukhona idayari, izihloko nezincwadi (phakathi kwazo kukhona "indlela yokudala ye-Sobinov", kanye neqoqo lezithombe zokudala zabashayi be-solo abasha be-Bolshoi "Intsha, ithemba, impumelelo"). Izinkumbulo ezifudumele zabantu besikhathi kanye nabangane zisekhona, zifakazela ukuthi u-Anatoly Orfenov wayeyindoda enoNkulunkulu emphefumulweni wakhe.

U-Andrey Khripin