Van Cliburn |

Kusuka ku-Cliburn

UHarvey Levan Cliburn (Clyburn) wazalwa ngo-1934 edolobhaneni elincane laseShreveport, eningizimu ye-United States eLouisiana. Uyise wayengunjiniyela we-petroleum, ngakho umkhaya wawuhamba njalo usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye. Ubuntwana bukaHarvey Levan budlule eningizimu yezwe, eTexas, lapho umndeni wathuthela khona ngemva nje kokuzalwa kwakhe.

Kakade lapho eneminyaka emine, umfana, ogama lakhe elifushanisiwe kwaba Van, waqala ukubonisa amakhono akhe omculo. Isiphiwo esiyingqayizivele somfana sakhangwa unina, uRildia Cliburn. Wayengumdlali wopiyano, umfundi ka-Arthur Friedheim, umdlali wopiyano ongumJalimane, uthisha, owayenguF. Liszt. Nokho, ngemva komshado wakhe, akazange adlale futhi wanikela ukuphila kwakhe ekufundiseni umculo.

Ngemva konyaka nje, wayesekwazi ukufunda ngokushelelayo eshidini kanye ne-repertoire yomfundi (uCzerny, uClementi, uSt. Geller, njll.) waqhubekela phambili esifundweni sakudala. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwenzeka isenzakalo esashiya uphawu olungenakucimeka enkumbulweni yakhe: edolobheni lakubo kaCliburn eShreveport, uRachmaninoff omkhulu wanikeza elinye lamakhonsathi akhe okugcina ekuphileni kwakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uye waba phakade isithixo somculi osemusha.

Kwadlula iminyaka embalwa, futhi umdlali wopiyano odumile uJosé Iturbi wezwa umfana edlala. Wagunyaza indlela kanina yokufundisa futhi wameluleka ngokuthi angashintshi othisha isikhathi eside.

Ngaleso sikhathi, uCliburn osemusha wayethuthuka kakhulu. Ngo-1947, wawina umncintiswano wepiyano eTexas futhi wazuza ilungelo lokudlala ne-Houston Orchestra.

Ngomdlali wopiyano osemusha, le mpumelelo yayibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuphela esiteji wakwazi ukuzibona njengomculi wangempela okokuqala. Nokho, le nsizwa yehluleka ngokushesha ukuqhubeka nemfundo yakhe yomculo. Wafunda kakhulu nangenkuthalo waze wacekela phansi impilo yakhe, kwadingeka ukuthi izifundo zakhe zihlehliswe isikhathi esithile.

Ngemva konyaka, odokotela bavumela uCliburn ukuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe, futhi waya eNew York ukuze angenele iJuilliard School of Music. Ukukhethwa kwalesi sikhungo semfundo kwabonakala kunengqondo. Umsunguli wesikole, usozimboni waseMelika u-A. Juilliard, wasungula imifundaze eminingana eyaklonyeliswa abafundi abanekhono kakhulu.

UCliburn waphumelela ngobuhlakani izivivinyo zokungena futhi wamukelwa ekilasini eliholwa umshayi wepiyano odumile uRosina Levina, owathweswa iziqu eMoscow Conservatory, awaphothula cishe kanye kanye noRachmaninov.

U-Levina akagcinanga nje ngokuthuthukisa indlela kaCliburn, kodwa futhi wandisa ingoma yakhe. U-Wang uthuthuke waba umdlali wopiyano owaphumelela ekuthwebuleni izici ezihlukahlukene njengama- prelude nama-fugues ka-Bach kanye ne-sonatas yepiyano ka-Prokofiev.

Nokho, akukho amakhono avelele, noma idiploma yekilasi lokuqala eyatholwa ekupheleni kwesikole, nokho waqinisekisa umsebenzi brilliant. UCliburn wakuzwa lokhu ngokushesha ngemva kokuqeda isikole. Ukuze athole isikhundla esiqinile emibuthanweni yomculo, uqala ukwenza ngendlela ehlelekile emiqhudelwaneni ehlukahlukene yomculo.

Owayehlonishwa kakhulu kwakuwumklomelo awuwina emqhudelwaneni omele abantu abaningi oqanjwe ngo-E. Leventritt ngo-1954. Kwakuwumncintiswano owavusa isithakazelo esikhulu emphakathini womculo. Okokuqala, lokhu kwakungenxa yejaji elinegunya neliqinile.

“Phakathi nesonto,” kubhala umgxeki uChaysins ngemva komncintiswano, “sezwa amathalenta athile agqamile nezincazelo eziningi ezivelele, kodwa lapho uWang eqeda ukudlala, akekho owayenokungabaza ngegama lomnqobi.”

Ngemva kokwenza kahle emzuliswaneni wokugcina womncintiswano, uCliburn uthole ilungelo lokunikeza ikhonsathi ehholo lekhonsathi elikhulu kunawo wonke eMelika - iCarnegie Hall. Ikhonsathi yakhe yaba yimpumelelo enkulu futhi yalethela umdlali wopiyano izinkontileka ezinemali eningi. Nokho, iminyaka emithathu Wang wazama ukuze uthole inkontileka unomphela ukwenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unina wavele wagula kakhulu, futhi uCliburn kwadingeka amthathe esikhundleni, waba uthisha esikoleni somculo.

Unyaka ka-1957 usufikile. Njengenjwayelo, uWang wayenemali encane namathemba amaningi. Ayikho inkampani yekhonsathi eyamnikeza ezinye izinkontileka. Kwakubonakala sengathi umsebenzi womdlali wopiyano wawusuphelile. Konke kwashintsha ucingo lukaLevina. Watshela uCliburn ukuthi kunqunywe ukubamba umncintiswano wamazwe ngamazwe wabaculi eMoscow, wathi kufanele aye lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wanikela ngezinkonzo zakhe ekuwulungiseleleni. Ukuze uthole imali edingekayo yohambo, u-Levina waphendukela ku-Rockefeller Foundation, eyanikeza uCliburn umfundaze wokuya eMoscow.

Yiqiniso, umculi wopiyano ngokwakhe ulandisa ngalezi zenzakalo ngendlela ehlukile: “Ngaqala ukuzwa ngoMncintiswano weTchaikovsky ku-Alexander Greiner, i-Steinway impresario. Wathola incwajana enemibandela yomncintiswano futhi wangibhalela incwadi eya eTexas, lapho umkhaya wakithi wawuhlala khona. Khona-ke wabiza wathi: “Kumelwe ukwenze!” Ngokushesha ngakhangwa umqondo wokuya eMoscow, ngoba ngangifuna ngempela ukubona iSonto LikaSt. Bekuyiphupho lami leminyaka yonke kusukela ngineminyaka eyisithupha lapho abazali bami benginika incwadi yezithombe zomlando wezingane. Kwakukhona izithombe ezimbili ezangijabulisa kakhulu: eyodwa – iSonto LaseSt. Basil, nesinye – iPhalamende laseLondon noBig Ben. Ngangifuna ukuzibona ngawami amehlo kangangokuthi ngabuza abazali bami: “Nizongiyisa lapho?” Bona, ngokunganaki ukubaluleka kwezingxoxo zezingane, bavuma. Ngakho, ngaqale ngandizela ePrague, futhi ngisuka ePrague ngiya eMoscow ngendiza yaseSoviet iTu-104. Sasingenazo izindiza zabagibeli e-United States ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho kwakuwuhambo olujabulisayo. Safika sekuhlwile, cishe ngehora leshumi. Umhlaba wawumbozwe yiqhwa futhi yonke into yayibukeka inothando kakhulu. Konke kwakunjengoba ngangiphupha. Ngabingelelwa ngowesifazane omuhle kakhulu ovela eMnyangweni Wezamasiko. Ngabuza: “Akunakwenzeka yini ukudlula uSt. Basil Obusisiwe endleleni eya ehhotela?” Waphendula: “Impela ungakwazi!” Ngamafuphi, saya khona. Futhi lapho ngiphelela eRed Square, ngezwa sengathi inhliziyo yami yayisizoyeka ukujabula. Inhloso enkulu yohambo lwami isifezekile…”

Ukuncintisana kweTchaikovsky kwaba inguquko ku-biography kaCliburn. Yonke impilo yalo mculi yahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye ezimbili: eyokuqala yachithwa ekusithekeni, kanti eyesibili - isikhathi sodumo lwezwe, olwalethwa kuye yinhloko-dolobha yaseSoviet.

UCliburn ubevele ephumelele emizuliswaneni yokuqala yalo mqhudelwano. Kodwa ngemva kokusebenza kwakhe namakhonsathi kaTchaikovsky noRachmaninov emzuliswaneni wesithathu, kwacaca ukuthi umculi osemusha unethalente elingakanani.

Isinqumo sejaji savumelana ngazwi linye. UVan Cliburn uklonyeliswe endaweni yokuqala. Emhlanganweni ohloniphekile, u-D. Shostakovich wethule izindondo nemiklomelo kwabaphumelele.

Izingcweti ezinkulu zobuciko beSoviet nezangaphandle zivele kulezi zinsuku emaphephandabeni ngezibuyekezo ezinhle ezivela kumdlali wepiyano waseMelika.

"U-Van Clyburn, umdlali wepiyano waseMelika oneminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu, ubonise ukuthi ungumculi omkhulu, umculi onethalente elingavamile kanye namathuba angenamkhawulo ngempela," kubhala u-E. Gilels. “Lona umculi onesiphiwo esikhethekile, ubuciko bakhe obuheha ngokuqukethwe okujulile, inkululeko yobuchwepheshe, inhlanganisela evumelanayo yazo zonke izimfanelo ezitholakala kubaculi bepiyano abakhulu kakhulu,” kusho uP. Vladigerov. “Ngithatha u-Van Clyburn njengomdlali wepiyano onesiphiwo… Ukunqoba kwakhe emqhudelwaneni onzima kangaka kungabizwa kufanele ngokuthi ukhaliphile,” kusho u-S. Richter.

Futhi nakhu okwabhalwa umshayi wopiyano ophawulekayo nothisha u-GG Neuhaus: “Ngakho-ke, i-naivety inqoba kuqala izinhliziyo zezigidi zabalaleli bakaVan Cliburn. Kuyo kufanele kwengezwe konke okungabonwa ngeso lenyama, noma kunalokho, kuzwakale ngendlebe enqunu ekudlaleni kwakhe: ukuveza, ububele, ikhono elikhulu lokudlala upiyano, amandla okugcina, kanye nokuthambile nobuqotho bomsindo, ikhono lokuphindukuzalwa, noma kunjalo, alikafinyeleli umkhawulo walo (mhlawumbe ngenxa yobusha bakhe), ukuphefumula okubanzi, "close-up". Ukwenza kwakhe umculo akumvumeli ukuthi angalokothi (ngokungafani nabashayi bopiyano abaningi abasebasha) ukuthi athathe i-tempos eshesha ngokweqile, "ukushayela" ucezu. Ukucaca kanye nobupulasitiki bamagama, i-polyphony enhle kakhulu, umuzwa wayo yonke into - umuntu akakwazi ukubala yonke into ethokozisayo ekudlaleni kuka-Cliburn. Kubonakala kimi (futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu akuwona nje umuzwa wami siqu) ukuthi ungumlandeli wangempela okhanyayo kaRachmaninov, okwathi kusukela ebuntwaneni wabhekana nakho konke ukukhanga kanye nomthelela wamademoni ngempela wokudlala komdlali wepiyano omkhulu waseRussia.

Ukunqoba kukaCliburn eMoscow, okokuqala emlandweni woMqhudelwano Wamazwe Ngamazwe. U-Tchaikovsky njengokuduma kwezulu washaya abathandi bomculo baseMelika nabachwepheshe, ababengakhononda kuphela ngobuthulu babo nobumpumputhe. “AmaRussia awazange amthole uVan Cliburn,” kubhala uChisins kumagazini i-Reporter. “Bakwamukela ngentshiseko lokho thina njengesizwe esikubuka ngokunganaki, lokho abantu babo abakwazisayo, kodwa okwethu akunaki.”

Yebo, ubuciko bomdlali wopiyano osemusha waseMelika, umfundi wesikole sepiyano saseRussia, basondelana ngendlela engavamile, buvumelana nezinhliziyo zezilaleli zaseSoviet ngobuqotho nokuzenzakalela, ububanzi bemisho, amandla kanye nokuzwakalisa okujulile, umsindo omnandi. UCliburn waba intandokazi yamaMuscovites, wabe eseyintandokazi yabalaleli kwamanye amadolobha ezwe. I-echo yokunqoba kwakhe emncintiswaneni ngokuphazima kweso yasakazwa emhlabeni wonke, yafinyelela ezweni lakubo. Ngempela ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, waduma. Lapho umdlali wopiyano ebuyela eNew York, wabingelelwa njengeqhawe lesizwe…

Iminyaka eyalandela yaba kuVan Cliburn uchungechunge lwemidlalo yekhonsathi eqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke, ukunqoba okungapheli, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isikhathi sovivinyo olunzima. Njengoba omunye umgxeki aphawula emuva ngo-1965, “UVan Cliburn ubhekene nomsebenzi cishe ongenakwenzeka wokuhambisana nodumo lwakhe.” Lo mshikashika wokuziphilisa awuzange uphumelele ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-geography yohambo lwakhe lwekhonsathi yanda, futhi uCliburn wayehlala ecindezelekile. Wake wanikeza amakhonsathi angaphezu kuka-150 ngonyaka!

Umdlali wopiyano osemusha wayencike esimweni sekhonsathi futhi kwakudingeka aqinisekise njalo ilungelo lakhe lodumo aluzuzile. Amathuba akhe okusebenza ayelinganiselwe ngokwenziwa. Empeleni, waba yisigqila senkazimulo yakhe. Imizwa emibili yayinzima kumculi: ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa indawo yakhe emhlabeni wekhonsathi kanye nesifiso sokuthuthukisa, okuhambisana nesidingo sezifundo zodwa.

Ezwa izimpawu zokwehla kwezobuciko bakhe, uCliburn uqedela umsebenzi wakhe wekhonsathi. Ubuyela nomama wakhe endaweni yokuhlala unomphela endaweni yangakubo eTexas. Idolobha laseFort Worth maduze liduma ngoMqhudelwano Womculo kaVan Cliburn.

Ngo-December 1987 kuphela, uCliburn waphinde wenza ikhonsathi phakathi nokuvakasha kukaMongameli waseSoviet uM. Gorbachev eMelika. Khona-ke uCliburn wenza olunye uhambo e-USSR, lapho enza khona amakhonsathi amaningana.

Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Yampolskaya wabhala ngaye: "Ngaphezu kokuhlanganyela okubalulekile ekulungiseleleni imincintiswano kanye nenhlangano yamakhonsathi aqanjwe ngaye e-Fort Worth nakwamanye amadolobha aseTexas, esiza umnyango womculo we-Christian University, uzinikela kakhulu. isikhathi sothando lwakhe olukhulu lomculo - i-opera: uyifunda kahle futhi akhuthaze ukusebenza kwe-opera e-United States.

UClyburn uzikhandla ekuhlanganiseni umculo. Manje lena akusaseyona imidlalo engenasizotha, njengokuthi "Isikhumbuzo Esidabukisayo": uphendukela amafomu amakhulu, athuthukise isitayela sakhe somuntu ngamunye. I-sonata yepiyano nezinye izingoma seziqediwe, uClyburn, nokho, angajahi ukuyishicilela.

Nsuku zonke ufunda okuningi: phakathi kwezidakamizwa zakhe zencwadi kukhona uLeo Tolstoy, uDostoevsky, izinkondlo zezimbongi zaseSoviet naseMelika, izincwadi zomlando, ifilosofi.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside sokuzihlukanisa ngokudala ayicacile.

Ngaphandle, impilo kaClyburn ayinawo umdlalo. Azikho izithiyo, akukho ukunqotshwa, kodwa futhi akukho ukuvela okuhlukahlukene okudingekayo kumdwebi. Ukugeleza kwansuku zonke kwempilo yakhe kunciphile. Phakathi kwakhe nabantu kumi uRodzinsky webhizinisi, olawula i-imeyili, ukuxhumana, ukuxhumana. Bambalwa abangani abangena endlini. UClyburn akanawo umndeni, izingane, futhi akukho lutho olungathatha indawo yazo. Ukusondela kuye kumncisha uClyburn umbono wakhe wangaphambili, ukusabela budedengu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, angeke kodwa abonakale egunyeni lokuziphatha.

Indoda iyodwa. Njengoba enesizungu njengomdlali we-chess ohlakaniphile uRobert Fischer, okwathi ekuphakameni kodumo lwakhe washiya umsebenzi wakhe wezemidlalo ohlakaniphile. Ngokusobala, kukhona okuthile emkhathini wempilo yaseMelika okukhuthaza abadali ukuthi bazihlukanise bodwa njengendlela yokuzigcina.

Ngonyaka wamashumi amathathu woMncintiswano Wokuqala weTchaikovsky, uVan Cliburn wabingelela abantu baseSoviet kuthelevishini: “Ngiye ngikhumbule iMoscow. Ngikhumbula ama-suburbs. Ngiyakuthanda…"

Bambalwa abaculi emlandweni wobuciko obudlalwayo abake baba nodumo olufana nolukaVan Cliburn. Izincwadi nezindatshana, ama-eseyi nezinkondlo zase zibhaliwe ngaye - lapho eseneminyaka engu-25 ubudala, umdwebi owangena empilweni - izincwadi nezindatshana, ama-eseyi nezinkondlo zase zibhaliwe, izithombe zakhe zapendwe ngabadwebi nabaqophi bezithombe, embozwe izimbali futhi engezwa ngehlombe izinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zabalaleli - kwesinye isikhathi kude kakhulu nomculo. Waba intandokazi yangempela emazweni amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa - iSoviet Union, eyamvulela emhlabeni, kwase-ke - kuphela - ezweni lakubo, e-United States, lapho ashiya khona njengomunye wabaculi abaningi abangaziwa nalapho ahlala khona. wabuya njengeqhawe lesizwe.

Zonke lezi zinguquko ezimangalisayo zikaVan Cliburn - kanye nokuguqulwa kwakhe ekubeni uVan Cliburn ngokuyala kwabalandeli bakhe baseRussia - zintsha ngokwanele enkumbulweni futhi zilotshwe ngemininingwane eyanele emlandweni wokuphila komculo ukuze abuyele kubo futhi. Ngakho-ke, ngeke sizame lapha ukuvusa enkumbulweni yabafundi ukuthi injabulo engenakuqhathaniswa eyabangela ukubonakala kokuqala kukaCliburn esiteji seHholo Elikhulu le-Conservatory, leyo ntelezi engachazeki ayedlala ngayo ngalezo zinsuku zokuncintisana i-Concerto Yokuqala yaseTchaikovsky kanye u-Rachmaninov Wesithathu, lowo mdlandla ojabulisayo lapho wonke umuntu abingelele ngawo izindaba zokuklonyeliswa kwakhe umklomelo omkhulu kunayo yonke ... Umsebenzi wethu unesizotha kakhulu - ukukhumbula uhlaka oluyinhloko lomlando womculi, ngezinye izikhathi olahleka ochungechungeni lwezinganekwane nezinto ezijabulisayo ezizungeze igama lakhe, kanye nokuzama ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi indawo ahlala kuyo kubaphathi bopiyano bezinsuku zethu, lapho sekudlule cishe amashumi amathathu eminyaka kusukela ekunqobeni kwakhe kokuqala - inkathi ebaluleke kakhulu.

Okokuqala, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukuqala kwe-biography kaCliburn kwakungajabulisi kakhulu njengozakwabo abaningi baseMelika. Nakuba abagqamile kubo base bevele bedumile lapho beneminyaka engu-25, uCliburn akazange agcinwe "ekhonsathini".

Wathola izifundo zakhe zokuqala zepiyano eneminyaka engu-4 kunina, wabe esengumfundi eJuilliard School ekilasini likaRosina Levina (kusukela ngo-1951). Kodwa nangaphambi kwalokho, u-Wang wavela njengomnqobi we-Texas State Piano Competition futhi waqala ukubonakala esidlangalaleni eneminyaka engu-13 ne-Houston Symphony Orchestra. Ngo-1954, wayeseziqedile izifundo zakhe futhi wahlonishwa ngokudlala ne-New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Khona-ke umculi osemusha wanikeza amakhonsathi ezweni lonke iminyaka emine, nakuba engaphumeleli, kodwa ngaphandle "kokwenza umuzwa", futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu kunzima ukubala udumo eMelika. Ukunqoba emiqhudelwaneni eminingi yokubaluleka kwendawo, ayithola kalula phakathi nawo-50s, akuzange kumlethe naye. Ngisho noMklomelo weLeventritt, awuwina ngo-1954, wawungesona neze isiqinisekiso senqubekelaphambili ngaleso sikhathi - wathola "isisindo" kuphela eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. (Kuyiqiniso, umgxeki owaziwayo u-I. Kolodin wambiza ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi “umuntu omusha onekhono kunabo bonke esiteji,” kodwa lokhu akuzange kunezele izinkontileka kumdwebi.) Ngamafuphi, uCliburn wayengeyena neze umholi eqenjini elikhulu laseMelika. ithimba eMncintiswaneni weTchaikovsky, ngakho-ke okwenzeka eMoscow akuzange kumangaze nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kwamangaza abaseMelika. Lokhu kufakazelwa umusho oshicilelweni lwakamuva lwesichazamazwi somculo esigunyaziwe sikaSlonimsky: “Waduma ngokungalindelekile ngokuwina uMklomelo kaTchaikovsky eMoscow ngo-1958, eba umMelika wokuqala ukunqoba inqola enjalo eRussia, lapho aba khona intandokazi yokuqala; lapho ebuyela eNew York wabingelelwa njengeqhawe ngombukiso omkhulu.” Ukubonakaliswa kwalolu dumo maduzane kwaba ukusungulwa ezweni lakubo lomculi edolobheni lase-Fort Worth loMncintiswano Wepiyano Wamazwe Ngamazwe oqanjwe ngaye.

Kuningi osekubhaliwe mayelana nokuthi kungani ubuciko bukaCliburn buhambisana nezinhliziyo zabalaleli baseSoviet. Uveze kahle izici ezinhle kakhulu zobuciko bakhe - ubuqotho nokuzenzela, kuhlangene namandla nesikali somdlalo, ukugqama okuhlabayo kwemisho yemisho nokumnandi komsindo - ngegama, zonke lezo zici ezenza ubuciko bakhe buhlobane namasiko isikole saseRussia (omunye wabameleli kwakunguR. Levin). Ukubalwa kwalezi zinzuzo kungase kuqhutshekwe, kodwa kungakuhle kakhulu ukudlulisela umfundi emisebenzini enemininingwane ka-S. Khentova kanye nencwadi ka-A. Chesins no-V. Stiles, kanye nasezihlokweni eziningi ezikhuluma ngomdlali wopiyano. Lapha kubalulekile ukugcizelela kuphela ukuthi uCliburn ngokungangabazeki wayenazo zonke lezi zimfanelo ngisho nangaphambi komncintiswano waseMoscow. Futhi uma ngaleso sikhathi engazange athole ukuqashelwa okufanele ezweni lakubo, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka, njengoba ezinye izintatheli zenza "esandleni esishisayo", lokhu kungachazwa ngokuthi "ukungaqondi kahle" noma "ukungalungeli" kwezilaleli zaseMelika. umbono wethalente elinjalo. Cha, umphakathi ozwile - futhi wabonga - umdlalo kaRachmaninov, uLevin, uHorowitz nabanye abamele isikole saseRussia, vele, ungalibonga ithalente likaCliburn. Kodwa, okokuqala, njengoba sesishilo kakade, lokhu kwakudinga isici sokuzwa, esasidlala indima yohlobo oluthile lwe-catalyst, futhi okwesibili, leli thalente lembulwa ngempela eMoscow kuphela. Futhi isimo sokugcina mhlawumbe ukuphikiswa okukholisayo kokugomela okuvame ukushiwo manje ukuthi umculo ogqamile uvimbela impumelelo ekwenzeni imincintiswano, ukuthi lokhu kwakamuva kudalelwe abadlali bopiyano “abavamile” kuphela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwaba njalo lapho umuntu ngamunye, engakwazi ukuziveza kuze kube sekupheleni "kwi-conveyor line" yokuphila kwekhonsathi yansuku zonke, echuma ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile zomncintiswano.

Ngakho-ke, uCliburn waba intandokazi yezilaleli zaseSoviet, wathola ukuqashelwa komhlaba njengomnqobi womncintiswano eMoscow. Ngasikhathi sinye, udumo lwathola ngokushesha izinkinga ezithile: ngokumelene nesizinda salo, wonke umuntu onokunaka okukhethekile kanye nokuthunjwa walandela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo komdwebi, okwathi, njengoba omunye wabagxeki akubeka ngokomfanekiso, kwadingeka "axoshe isithunzi inkazimulo yakhe” ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi yona, lokhu kuthuthukiswa, akubanga lula neze, futhi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuyiqoka ngomugqa okhuphukayo oqondile. Kwakukhona nezikhathi zokuma kokudala, ngisho nokuhlehla ezikhundleni eziwinile, futhi hhayi njalo imizamo ephumelelayo yokwandisa indima yakhe yobuciko (ngo-1964, uCliburn wazama ukwenza umqhubi); kuphinde kwaba nosesho olungathi sína kanye nempumelelo engangabazeki evumele uVan Cliburn ukuthi ekugcineni athole indawo phakathi kwabadlali bopiyano abahamba phambili emhlabeni.

Konke lokhu kuguquguquka komsebenzi wakhe womculo kwalandelwa injabulo ekhethekile, uzwela kanye nokubikezela abathandi bomculo baseSoviet, bahlale bebheke phambili emihlanganweni emisha nomculi, amarekhodi akhe amasha ngokuntula isineke nenjabulo. UCliburn wabuyela e-USSR izikhathi eziningana - ngo-1960, 1962, 1965, 1972. Ngayinye yalezi zivakashi zaletha izilaleli injabulo yangempela yokuxhumana nethalenta elikhulu, elingapheli eligcine izici zalo ezinhle kakhulu. U-Cliburn uqhubekile nokuheha izethameli ngokuzwakalayo okukhangayo, ukungena kwezingoma, umoya omuhle womdlalo, manje ohlanganiswe nokuvuthwa okukhulu kokwenza izinqumo kanye nokuzethemba kobuchwepheshe.

Lezi zimfanelo ziyokwanela ukuqinisekisa impumelelo evelele kunoma yimuphi umdlali wopiyano. Kodwa izingqapheli eziqaphelayo azizange zibalekele izimpawu eziphazamisayo - ukulahlekelwa okungenakuphikwa kokusha kwe-Cliburnian, ukushesha kwasekuqaleni komdlalo, ngesikhathi esifanayo okunganxeshezelwa (njengoba kwenzeka ezimweni ezingavamile) ngesilinganiso sokwenza imiqondo, noma kunalokho, ngokujula nokuvela kobuntu bomuntu, izethameli ezinelungelo lokubulindela kumdlali ovuthiwe. Ngakho-ke umuzwa wokuthi umdwebi uyaziphindaphinda, "udlala uCliburn," njengoba isazi somculo nomgxeki u-D. Rabinovich ephawulwe esihlokweni sakhe esinemininingwane eminingi nesifundisayo esithi "Van Cliburn - Van Cliburn".

Lezi zimpawu ezifanayo zazwakala kokurekhodiwe okuningi, ngokuvamile okuhle kakhulu, okwenziwe nguCliburn phakathi neminyaka. Phakathi kwalokhu okurekhodiwe kukhona Ikhonsathi Yesithathu ka-Beethoven kanye ne-Sonatas (“Pathetique”, “Moonlight”, “Appassionata” nezinye), I-Concerto Yesibili ka-Liszt kanye ne-Rhapsody ka-Rachmaninoff ethi Theme of Paganini, I-Concerto ka-Grieg ne-Debussy’s So Pieces, i-Concerto yokuqala ka-Chopin ne-Chopin Ikhonsathi nezingcezu eziyedwa zika-Brahms, i-sonatas kaBarber no-Prokofiev, futhi ekugcineni, i-disc ebizwa ngokuthi i-Van Cliburn's Encores. Kubonakala sengathi i-repertoire yomculi ibanzi kakhulu, kodwa kubonakala sengathi iningi lalezi zincazelo "ziyizinhlelo ezintsha" zemisebenzi yakhe, asebenza kuyo phakathi nezifundo zakhe.

Usongo lokuntengantenga kokudala olubhekene noVan Cliburn lwabangela ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni phakathi kwabalandeli bakhe. Ngokusobala umculi ngokwakhe wazizwa, owathi ekuqaleni kwawo-70 wanciphisa kakhulu inani lamakhonsathi akhe futhi wazinikela ekuthuthukisweni okujulile. Futhi uma sibheka imibiko yamaphephandaba aseMelika, ukusebenza kwakhe kusukela ngo-1975 kubonisa ukuthi umculi akamile - ubuciko bakhe bube bukhulu, buqinile, bunengqondo. Kodwa ngo-1978, uCliburn, enganelisekile ngenye indlela, waphinde wamisa umsebenzi wakhe wekhonsathi, eshiya abalandeli bakhe abaningi bedangele futhi bedidekile.

Ngabe uCliburn oneminyaka engama-52 usekutholile ukugcotshwa kwakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi? - wabuza ngo-1986 umlobi we-International Herald Tribune. - Uma sicabangela ubude bendlela yokudala yabadlali bopiyano abanjengo-Arthur Rubinstein noVladimir Horowitz (owabuye waba nekhefu elide), khona-ke uphakathi komsebenzi wakhe kuphela. Yini eyamenza, umshayi wepiyano odume kakhulu owazalelwa eMelika, washeshe wancama? Ukhathele umculo? Noma mhlawumbe i-akhawunti yasebhange eqinile iyamkhohlisa? Noma ingabe wavele waphelelwa isithakazelo ekudumeni nasekudumeni umphakathi? Ukhungathekile ngempilo eyisicefe ye-virtuoso yokuvakasha? Noma ingabe kukhona isizathu somuntu siqu? Ngokusobala, impendulo ilele ekuhlanganiseni kwazo zonke lezi zici nezinye esingazazi.”

Umdlali wepiyano ngokwakhe ukhetha ukuthula kulokhu. Engxoxweni yakamuva, uvumile ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ubheka izingoma ezintsha abashicileli abamthumelela zona, futhi uhlale edlala umculo, egcina i-repertoire yakhe yakudala ilungile. Ngaleyo ndlela, uCliburn wakubeka kwacaca ukuthi kuzofika usuku lapho ezobuyela khona esiteji.

... Lolu suku lwafika futhi lwaba olungokomfanekiso: ngo-1987, uCliburn waya esiteji esincane e-White House, okwakuyindawo yokuhlala kaMongameli uReagan, ukuze akhulume edilini lokuhlonipha uMikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, owayese-United States. Umdlalo wakhe wawugcwele ugqozi, umuzwa ongathandeki wothando ngezwe lakhe lesibili - iRussia. Futhi le khonsathi ifake ithemba elisha ezinhliziyweni zabathandi balo mculi ngomhlangano osheshayo naye.

References: Chesins A. Stiles V. Inganekwane kaVan Clyburn. – M., 1959; Khentova S. Van Clyburn. - M., 1959, 3rd ed., 1966.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990