Umculo wendabuko wase-Japan: izinsimbi zezwe, izingoma nemidanso

Umculo wendabuko waseJapan wakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya leChina, Korea namanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lezo zinhlobo zomculo ezazikhona eJapane ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwamasiko angomakhelwane azikatholakali.

Ngakho-ke, isiko lomculo waseJapane lingabhekwa ngokuphephile njengenhlanganisela yazo zonke izenzakalo eziye zangena kuwo, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zathola izici eziyingqayizivele zezwe.

Izindikimba ezisemqoka kokuqukethwe yizinganekwane

Inganekwane yamaJapane ithonywa izinkolo ezimbili: ubuBuddha nobuShinto. Izingqikithi eziyinhloko zezinganekwane zaseJapane ziyizinhlamvu ezingaphezu kwemvelo, imimoya, izilwane ezinamandla omlingo. Futhi ingxenye ebalulekile yezinganekwane yizindaba ezifundisayo ezimayelana nokubonga, ukuhaha, izindaba ezidabukisayo, imizekeliso ehlakaniphile kanye namahlaya.

Umsebenzi wobuciko ukukhulekela imvelo, umsebenzi womculo ukuba yingxenye yezwe elizungezile. Ngakho-ke, umcabango womqambi awuhambisani nokuvezwa kombono, kodwa ekudlulisweni kwezifunda kanye nezimo zemvelo.

Izimpawu zesiko laseJapane

Inhlangano yokuqala neJapane i-sakura (i-cherry yaseJapane). Ezweni kunomkhosi okhethekile wokuncoma ukuqhakaza kwayo - ama-khans. Isihlahla sihlatshelelwa kaningi ngezinkondlo zesi-Japanese haiku. Izingoma zomdabu zase-Japan zibonisa ukufana kwezenzakalo zemvelo nempilo yomuntu.

I-crane ayikho ngaphansi ekuthandweni kwe-sakura - uphawu lwenjabulo nokuphila isikhathi eside. Akuyona ize ukuthi ubuciko baseJapane be-origami (izibalo zephepha lokugoqa) buye bathandwa emhlabeni wonke. Ukwenza i-crane kusho ukuheha inhlanhla. Isithombe se-crane sikhona ezingomeni eziningi zesiJapane. Ezinye izimpawu nazo zithathwe ezweni langaphandle. Uphawu lwesiko laseJapane luwuphawu lwemvelo.

Izinhlobo zezingoma ezinkulu nomdanso

Njengabanye abantu, umculo wesintu wase-Japan ushintshile usuka ezinhlotsheni zemilingo yasendulo waya ezinhlotsheni zezwe. Ukwakheka kweziningi zazo kwakuthonywe izimfundiso zobuBuddha nezikaConfucian. Ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kwezinhlobo zomculo zaseJapane:

• umculo wokholo,
• umculo weshashalazi,
• gagaku court music,
• izingoma zomdabu zansuku zonke.

Izinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zibhekwa njengezingoma zamaBuddha ethi shomyo nomculo wasenkantolo igagaku. Izindikimba zezingoma zenkolo: Imfundiso yobuBuddha (kada), izimfundiso zokufundisa (rongi), amaculo okuvakasha (goeika), izingoma zokudumisa (vasan). Umculo wamaShinto - umculo wokujabulisa onkulunkulu, imijikelezo emifushane yezingoma nemidanso egqoke izingubo.

Uhlobo lwezwe luhlanganisa umculo we-orchestra wasenkantolo. I-Gagaku iyiqoqo elivela e-China elenza umculo wezinsimbi (kangen), umdanso (bugaku), nowomculo wezwi (wachimono).

Imidanso yesintu yaseJapane isuka ezenzweni ezingokwesiko. Umdanso ukunyakaza okubukhali kwezingalo nemilenze eyinqaba, abadansi babonakala ngesimo sobuso esisontekile. Konke ukunyakaza kungokomfanekiso futhi kuqondakala kumathwasa kuphela.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdanso waseJapane wesimanje: i-odori - umdanso wansuku zonke onokunyakaza okubukhali nokugxuma, kanye ne-mai - umdanso onesigqi esinamandla, okuwumthandazo okhethekile. Isitayela se-odori sabangela ukudansa kwe-kabuki, futhi kamuva kwaba nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini edume umhlaba wonke. Isitayela sama-mai sakha isisekelo sethiyetha yaseNoh.

Cishe u-90% womculo wezwe lasezweni eliphumayo uyaphimisela. Izinhlobo ezibalulekile zokwenza umculo wesintu yizinganekwane zezingoma, izingoma ezihambisana ne-koto, i-shamisen nama-ensembles, izingoma zomdabu zamasiko: umshado, umsebenzi, iholide, izingane.

Ingoma yaseJapane edume kakhulu phakathi kwamaparele abantu ingoma ethi “Sakura” (okungukuthi, “Cherry”):

LANDA UMCULO – LANDA

izinsimbi zomculo

Cishe bonke okhokho bezinsimbi zomculo zaseJapane balethwa eziqhingini bevela eChina noma eKorea ngekhulu lesi-8. Abadlali baqaphela kuphela ukufana kwangaphandle kwezinsimbi kumamodeli aseYurophu nase-Asia; empeleni, isizinda somsindo sinezici zayo.

Koto - I-zither yaseJapan, insimbi enezintambo ezenza udrako samuntu. Umzimba we-koto unomumo obude, futhi lapho ubhekwa ohlangothini lomdlali, ikhanda lesilwane esingcwele ngakwesokudla, nomsila waso ungakwesokunxele. Umsindo ukhishwa ezintanjeni zikasilika ngosizo lweminwe, efakwa esithupheni, kwinkomba naphakathi kweminwe.

IsiSiamese – insimbi ekhashwa enezintambo efana nombhobho. Isetshenziswa enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yendabuko yaseJapane i-Kabuki futhi iwuphawu lwesiko laseJapane: umsindo omibalabala we-shamisen emculweni wohlanga ufanekisela njengomsindo we-balalaika emculweni waseRussia. I-Shamisen iyinsimbi eyinhloko yabaculi be-goze abajikelezayo (ngekhulu le-17).

ukunyakazisa - Umtshingo we-bamboo waseJapan, omunye wabamele iqembu lezinsimbi zomoya ezibizwa ngokuthi i-fue. Ukukhishwa komsindo ku-shakuhachi akuxhomekile kuphela ekugelezeni komoya, kodwa futhi ku-angle ethile yokuthambekela kwensimbi. AmaJapane athambekele ekuphiliseni izinto, kanti nezinsimbi zomculo ziyafana. Kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuthambisa umoya we-shakuhachi.

I-Taiko – isigubhu. Ithuluzi lalibalulekile emisebenzini yezempi. Uchungechunge oluthile lokushaywa kwe-taiko lwalunomfanekiso walo. Ukushaya isigubhu kuyamangaza: e-Japan, zombili izici zomculo nezeshashalazi zomdlalo zibalulekile.

izitsha zokucula – isici sezinsimbi zomculo zase-Japan. Awekho cishe ama-analogue noma kuphi. Umsindo wezitsha zaseJapane unezinto zokuphulukisa.

Imithombo Eculayo (Suikinkutsu) – Elinye ithuluzi eliyingqayizivele, okuwujeke ohlanekezelwe ogqitshwe phansi, okubekwa phezu kwawo amanzi. Ngembobo engezansi, amaconsi angena ngaphakathi enze imisindo efana nensimbi.

Izici zesitayela zomculo waseJapan

Isakhiwo semodali somculo waseJapan sihluke kakhulu ohlelweni lwaseYurophu. Isilinganiso samathoni angu-3, ​​5 noma angu-7 sithathwa njengesisekelo. Ukukhathazeka akuyona into enkulu noma encane. Iphimbo emculweni wesintu waseJapane akuvamile endlebeni yaseYurophu. Izingcezu zingase zingabi nenhlangano evamile yesigqi - imitha, isigqi kanye ne-tempo kuvame ukushintsha. Ukwakheka komculo wephimbo akuqondiswa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kodwa umoya womdlali. Yingakho ikufanelekela kahle ukuzindla.

Ukuntuleka kwenothi yomculo kungesinye isici somculo waseJapan. Ngaphambi kwenkathi ye-Meiji (okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokufika kwemodeli yaseYurophu yokuqopha ezweni), kwakukhona uhlelo lokuphawula ngendlela yemigqa, izibalo, izimpawu. Zazifanekisela iyunithi yezinhlamvu oyifunayo, iminwe, i-tempo kanye nohlamvu lokusebenza. Amanothi athile nesigqi kwakunganqunywanga, futhi umculo wawungenakwenzeka ukuwudlala ngaphandle kokwazi kusengaphambili. Ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwezinganekwane ngomlomo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, kulahlekile ulwazi oluningi.

Ubuncane bokuhluka okuguquguqukayo isici sesitayela esihlukanisa umculo wesi-Japanese. Alukho ushintsho olungazelelwe ukusuka ku-forte ukuya kupiyano. Ukulinganisela nokuhluka okuncane kokuguquguqukayo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzuza isici esicacile saseMpumalanga. Umvuthwandaba wesiko lamaJapane usekupheleni komdlalo.

Abaculi bomdabu namasiko

Kusukela ekukhulunyweni kokuqala (kwekhulu lesi-8) komculo e-Japan, sifunda ukuthi uhulumeni ugxile ekutadisheni amasiko aseShayina naseKorea. Kwenziwa izinguquko ezikhethekile ezanquma ingoma ye-orchestra yasenkantolo ye-gagaku. Umculo wabaqambi baseJapane wawungathandwa futhi wawudlalwa emahholo ekhonsathi angahlonishwa kangako.

Ekhulwini le-9-12, amasiko aseShayina ayashintsha, futhi izici zokuqala zikazwelonke zivela emculweni. Ngakho-ke, umculo wendabuko waseJapane awunakuhlukaniswa nezincwadi nethiyetha. I-Syncretism kwezobuciko umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesiko laseJapane. Ngakho-ke, abaculi bomdabu kaningi abagcini ngokukhethekile. Isibonelo, umdlali we-koto uphinde abe ngumculi.

Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezitayela zomculo zaseYurophu. Nokho, iJapane ayisebenzisi umculo waseNtshonalanga njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwesiko layo. Imisinga emibili ikhula ngokuhambisana ngaphandle kokuxubana. Ukulondolozwa kwefa lamasiko kungomunye wemisebenzi esemqoka yabantu baseJapan.

Lapho sihlukana, sifuna ukukujabulisa ngenye ividiyo emangalisayo.

Japanese ukucula imithombo

Umbhali - Sorpresa