Unxantathu: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umsindo, umlando, isicelo

Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo, unxantathu awubonakali kakhulu. Kodwa ayikho neyodwa i-orchestra engakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle komsindo wayo. Emazweni ahlukene omhlaba, i-triangolo isetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka; ukubamba iqhaza kwayo kuma-orchestra e-symphony kungakhulisa amathuba e-timbre, kwengeze ukukhanya nombala emisebenzini yomculo.

Uyini unxantathu emculweni

Insimbi ingeyeqembu lokushaywa. Okuhlukile kwayo ukuthi iyakwazi ukwenza imisindo yobude obunganqunyelwe. Ukuhlukahluka komsindo kuncike ngobukhulu, impahla eyenziwe ngayo. Isikhathi esiningi kuba yinsimbi.

Ukuhlola ngezinto ezibonakalayo kukuvumela ukuba wandise amathuba e-sonic kanxantathu, okuyenza ibe enye yezinsimbi eziyinhloko emculweni we-symphonic.

Ngosizo lwalo mmeleli weqembu le-percussion, izibalo ezilula ezinesigqi ziyakhiqizwa, amasu okudlala akhethekile avumela ukwandisa amakhono e-orchestra, okwenza ngisho ne-orchestral tutti ibe namanzi amaningi.

Idivayisi

Ithuluzi liwuhlaka oluncane lukanxantathu olunohlaka olungavali. Yenziwe ngocingo oluncane lwensimbi. Onxantathu abenziwe ngezinye izinsimbi bayaziwa. Ipharamitha ebalulekile ubukhulu bethuluzi. Izinhlobo ezintathu zisetshenziswa ngokwesiko: ezinkulu, ezincane, eziphakathi ezinosayizi ngokulandelana ukusuka ku-120 mm kuya ku-250 mm. Unxantathu omncane ukhiqiza imisindo ephezulu, emincane, omkhulu ukhiqiza ephansi, enamanzi.

Ubuso bethuluzi bunosayizi ofanayo. Kudlalwa ngenduku ekhethekile, abaculi abayibiza ngokuthi “isipikili”. Yenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo njengonxantathu ngokwawo. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, umlingisi ushaya ifremu ngenduku noma adwebe ngakulo. Kulesi simo, ukuthinta kweminwe ku-contour yensimbi kubalulekile. Ngakho umculi ulawula amandla omsindo, ubude bawo, ukujula kokudlidliza.

Umsindo wezinsimbi

Umsindo kanxantathu ucacile, usobala. Ithoni ekhanyayo ikuvumela ukuthi uzuze amasu ahlukahlukene omsindo. Lapho ukhipha umsindo, akuwona kuphela ubukhulu bensimbi nobukhulu bohlaka lwalo okubalulekile. I-diameter ye-cross-sectional "yezipikili" ibalulekile.

Ukukhiqiza i-pianissimo, induku enobubanzi obungu-2,5 mm isetshenziswa. Ishaywe emaceleni. I-Forte itholakala ngokushaya isisekelo "ngesikhonkwane" esikhulu. Uma udweba ngaphandle kwemiphetho, i-glissando iyatholakala. I-Tremollo ingafinyelelwa ngokushaya okusheshayo, okunesigqi emaphethelweni kanxantathu.

Ngesikhathi sokudlala, umculi ubamba insimbi ngesandla esisodwa noma uyilengise endaweni yokumisa. Umsindo uncike ku-garter exhunywe kunxantathu. Ngaphambili, yenziwe ngesikhumba noma izintambo, manje umugqa wokudoba usetshenziswa kaningi.

Umlando kanxantathu

Ngokomlando, ithuluzi lingelinye elingafundelwanga kangako. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, wayeqala ukubonakala eTurkey. Lokhu kufakazelwa yizincazelo ezisukela ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX. Kukhona futhi idatha yangaphambili. Ngekhulu le-XIV, kwabhalwa mayelana namarekhodi ezakhiwo zamadolobha aseningizimu yeJalimane.

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, unxantathu wensimbi waba yingxenye ye-symphony orchestras. Ngaso leso sikhathi, abathandi bomculo baseRussia bezwa umsindo wawo. Insimbi ayizange izwakale kumakhonsathi kuphela, kodwa futhi yayisetshenziswa amabutho ka-Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Kubantu abavamile, waqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-snaffle".

Okwakudala kwe-Viennese kwethule umsindo we-triangolo ukudlulisa izithombe zasempumalanga futhi kunothisa iphalethi yomsindo. Itimu yaseTurkey, eyayidumile ngaleso sikhathi kuma-opera, yabonakala ngosizo lwensimbi yensimbi, ivuselela umculo wamaJanissaries.

Usebenzisa ithuluzi

Ngokokuqala ngqá, umqambi uF. Liszt wanquma ukuphathisa ingxenye ngayinye kunxantathu. Maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX, wethula umhlaba "Ikhonsathi No. 1". Kuyo, i-triangolo ayisetshenziswanga kuphela ukudala iphethini yesigqi sangemuva. Wenza ingxenye ehlukile, eyavula enye yezingxenye zomsebenzi.

Angesabi ukumnika indima ebalulekile, abaqambi abadumile njengoRimsky-Korsakov, uDuke, uStrauss. I-timbre ekhanyayo yenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukudala izingqikithi eziphazamisayo, ukuveza injabulo, injabulo, ukudonsela ukunaka komlaleli eziqephini ngazinye.

Unxantathu akalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwawo kuma-orchestra e-symphony futhi usetshenziswa ngenkuthalo abantu abavamile abakude nezwe lobuciko. Ngakho eGreece, waba imfanelo yokugujwa kukaKhisimusi. Ibambe futhi yenze izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene kuyo, izihambeli ziza emizini yezihlobo nabantu ezingabazi ukuze zibahalalisele ngamaholide abo asebusika abawathandayo.