I-Vibraphone: kuyini, ukwakheka, umlando, umehluko ku-xylophone

I-vibraphone iyinsimbi yokushaywayo eye yaba nomthelela omkhulu kusiko lomculo we-jazz e-United States.

Yini i-vibraphone

Ukuhlukaniswa - i-metallophone. Igama elithi glockenspiel lisetshenziswa ezinsimbini zensimbi ezishaywayo ezinamaphimbo ahlukene.

Ngaphandle, insimbi ifana nensimbi yekhibhodi, njengepiyano nepiyanoforte. Kodwa abayidlali ngeminwe, kodwa ngezando ezikhethekile.

I-vibraphone ivame ukusetshenziswa emculweni we-jazz. Emculweni wakudala, ikleliswe endaweni yesibili phakathi kwezinsimbi ezishaywayo zekhibhodi ezaziwa kakhulu.

Ithuluzi design

Ukwakhiwa komzimba kufana nexylophone, kodwa kunomehluko. Umehluko usekhibhodi. Izikhiye zitholakala epuletini elikhethekile elinamasondo phansi. I-motor kagesi iphendula kuma-keystrokes futhi isebenze ama-blades, isenzo esithinta umsindo odlidlizayo. Ukudlidliza kudalwe ama-resonators ama-tubular agqagqene.

Ithuluzi linomshini wokuwasha. Ingxenye yakhelwe ukuvala umlomo futhi kuthambise umsindo odlalwayo. I-damper ilawulwa yi-pedal etholakala ngaphansi kwe-vibraphone.

Ikhibhodi ye-metallophone yenziwe nge-aluminium. Izimbobo zisikwa kubo bonke ubude bezikhiye kuze kube sekugcineni.

Umsindo ukhiqizwa ngokushaywa kwesando kokhiye. Inombolo yezando ngu-2-6. Zihlukene ngesimo nobulukhuni. Isimo sekhanda esiyindilinga esivame kakhulu. Uma isando sisinda, umculo uzozwakala kakhulu futhi uphezulu.

Ukushuna okujwayelekile kuwuhlu lwama-octave amathathu, ukusuka ku-F ukuya maphakathi no-C. Uhlu lwama-octave amane luvamile. Ngokungafani ne-xylophone, i-vibraphone ayiyona insimbi yokudlulisa. Ngama-30s ekhulwini elidlule, abakhiqizi bakhiqiza ama-soprano metallophones. I-timbre yenguqulo ye-soprano yi-C4-C7. Imodeli "Deagan 144" yancishiswa, amakhadibhodi ajwayelekile asetshenziswa njengama-resonators.

Ekuqaleni, abaculi babedlala i-vibraphone bemile. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, amanye ama-vibraphonists aqala ukudlala ngenkathi ehlezi, ukuze asebenzise kalula izinyawo zombili kuma-pedals. Ngokungeziwe ku-damper pedal, amaphedali wemiphumela avame ukusetshenziswa ezigincini zikagesi aseqalile ukusetshenziswa.

Umlando we-vibraphone

Insimbi yokuqala yomculo ebizwa ngokuthi "Vibraphone" yathengiswa ngo-1921. Ukukhululwa kwasingathwa yinkampani yaseMelika i-Leedy Manufacturing. Inguqulo yokuqala ye-metallophone yayinokuhluka okuningi okuncane kumamodeli anamuhla. Ngo-1924, insimbi yayisisakazeke kakhulu. Ukuduma kwaqhutshwa izingoma ezishisa izikhotha ezithi “Gypsy Love Song” kanye “ne-Aloha Oe” yomculi we-pop uLuis Frank Chia.

Ukuthandwa kwensimbi entsha kwaholela ekutheni ngo-1927 i-JC Deagan Inc yanquma ukuthuthukisa i-metallophone efanayo. Onjiniyela be-Deagan abazange bakopishe ngokuphelele isakhiwo sombangi. Kunalokho, kwethulwa ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo komklamo. Isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-aluminium esikhundleni sensimbi njengento esemqoka yenza ngcono umsindo. Ukushuna sekulula kakhulu. I-damper pedal yafakwa engxenyeni engezansi. Inguqulo ye-Deagan yeqe ngokushesha futhi yathatha indawo eyandulelayo.

Ngo-1937, kwenzeka okunye ukuguqulwa komklamo. Imodeli entsha "ye-Imperial" ifake ububanzi be-octave emibili nesigamu. Amanye amamodeli athole ukwesekwa kokuphuma kwesignali ye-elekthronikhi.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, i-vibraphone yasakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseJapane.

Iqhaza emculweni

Kusukela yasungulwa, i-vibraphone isiyingxenye ebalulekile yomculo we-jazz. Ngo-1931 umpetha wokudlala uLionel Hampton waqopha iculo elithi “Les Hite Band”. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi yisitudiyo sokuqala esiqoshwa nge-vibraphone. Kamuva u-Hampton waba yilungu le-Goodman Jazz Quartet, lapho aqhubeka khona nokusebenzisa i-glockenspiel entsha.

Umqambi wase-Austria u-Alban Berg ube ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa i-vibraphone emculweni we-orchestra. Ngo-1937, uBerg wenza i-opera ethi Lulu. Umqambi ongumFulentshi u-Olivier Messiaen wethule inani lezikolo esebenzisa i-metallophone. Phakathi kwemisebenzi kaMesiya kukhona uTuarangalila, Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Kristu, uSaint Francis wase-Assisi.

Umqambi waseRussia u-Igor Stravinsky wabhala "Requiem Canticles". Ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu ngokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwe-vibraphone.

Ngawo-1960 i-vibraphonist u-Gary Burton wathola ukuduma. Umculi uzihlukanise ngokuqamba okusha ekukhiqizeni umsindo. UGary uthuthukise indlela yokudlala ngezinduku ezine ngesikhathi esisodwa, ezi-2 ngesandla. Indlela entsha yenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukudlala izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlukahlukene. Le ndlela ishintshile ukubukeka kwethuluzi njengokunomkhawulo ngandlela thile.

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

I-vibraphone ebuyekeziwe evela ku-Deagan ngo-1928 yayinegama elisemthethweni elithi "vibra-habhu". Igama lavela okhiye abahlelwe ngokuqondile, okwenza insimbi ifane nehabhu.

Ingoma yaseSoviet ethi "Moscow Evenings" yabhalwa kusetshenziswa i-vibraphone. I-debut yengoma yenzeke kwifilimu ethi "Ezinsukwini ze-Spartakiad" ngo-1955. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ifilimu ayizange ibonwe, kodwa ingoma yathola ukuthandwa okukhulu. Ingoma ithole ukuqashelwa okudumile ngemuva kokuqala kokusakaza emsakazweni.

Umqambi uBernard Herrmann wasebenzisa i-vibraphone ngentshiseko kumculo wamafilimu amaningi. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe kukhona umdwebo othi “451 degrees Fahrenheit” kanye nemidlalo ethokozisayo ka-Alfred Hitchcock.