QAPHELA ISIFUSHANE

Ungazichaza kanjani izimpawu ezengeziwe ezivame ukutholakala emculweni?
    Ekubhaleni komculo, kusetshenziswa i-note ekhethekile eyenza kube mfushane ukuphawula komculo komsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphezu kokunciphisa umbhalo, kulula futhi ukufunda amanothi.
    Kunezimpawu ezifinyeziwe ezibonisa ukuphindaphinda okuhlukahlukene: ngaphakathi kwebha, amabha amaningana, ingxenye ethile yomsebenzi.
    Kusetshenziswa inothi elifushanisiwe, elibophezela ukubhala i-octave eyodwa noma amabili phezulu noma ngaphansi.
    Sizobheka ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukuphawula komculo, okuyilezi:

1. Reprise.

Ukuphindaphinda kubonisa isidingo sokuphinda ingxenye yomsebenzi, noma wonke umsebenzi. Bheka isithombe:

Umfanekiso 1-1. Isibonelo sokuphindaphinda

    Emfanekisweni ubona izimpawu ezimbili zokuphindaphinda, zizungezwe ngonxande ababomvu. Phakathi kwalezi zimpawu kukhona ingxenye yomsebenzi okufanele uphindwe. Izimpawu “zibukana” ngamachashazi.
    Uma ufuna ukuphinda isilinganiso esisodwa (ngisho nezikhathi ezimbalwa), ungasebenzisa uphawu olulandelayo (elifana nophawu lwephesenti):

Umfanekiso 1-2. Ibha yonke iphinda

    Njengoba sicubungula ukuphinda ibha eyodwa kuzo zombili izibonelo, kokubili okurekhodiwe kudlalwa kanje:

Umfanekiso 1-3. Isaziso somculo ngaphandle kwesifinyezo
 

labo. Izikhathi ezi-2 ziyafana. Emfanekisweni 1-1, ukuphindaphinda kunikeza ukuphindaphinda, ku-Figure 1-2, uphawu "lwephesenti". Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uphawu lwephesenti luphinda ibha eyodwa kuphela, futhi ukuphindaphinda kungamboza ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi (ngisho nawo wonke umsebenzi). Alukho uphawu olulodwa lokuphindaphinda olungabonisa ukuphindaphinda kwengxenye ethile yesilinganiso - isilinganiso sonke kuphela.
    Uma ukuphindaphinda kuboniswa ukuphindaphinda, kodwa iziphetho zokuphindaphinda zihlukile, bese ufaka amabakaki anezinombolo ezibonisa ukuthi le bha kufanele idlalwe ngesikhathi sokuphindaphinda kokuqala, le bha ngesikhathi sesibili, njalonjalo. Abakaki babizwa ngokuthi "volts". I-volt yokuqala, eyesibili, njalonjalo.
    Cabanga ngesibonelo esine-reprise nama-volts amabili:
 

Umfanekiso 1-4. Isibonelo nge-reprise nama-volts
 

    Idlalwa kanjani lesi sibonelo? Manje ake sikuthole. Konke kulula lapha. I-recapitulation ihlanganisa izilinganiso 1 no-2. Ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sesi-2 kukhona i-volta enenombolo 1: sidlala lesi silinganiso phakathi nendima yokuqala. Ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso 3 kukhona i-volt enenombolo 2 (isivele ingaphandle kwemingcele ye-reprise, njengoba kufanele kube): sidlala lesi silinganiso ngesikhathi sokudlula kwesibili kwe-reprise esikhundleni se-2 (inombolo ye-volta 1 ngaphezu kwayo).
    Ngakho sidlala amabha ngokulandelana okulandelayo: ibha 1, ibha 2, ibha 1, ibha 3. Lalela umculo. Njengoba ulalele, landela amanothi.

Ezenye.
Ujwayelane nezinketho ezimbili zokunciphisa ukuphawula komculo: ukuphindaphinda kanye nophawu "lwephesenti". I-reprise ingafaka ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi, futhi uphawu "lwephesenti" luphinda isilinganiso esingu-1 kuphela.

2. Iphinda ngesilinganiso.

    Phinda isibalo se-melodic.
    Uma isibalo esifanayo somculo sisetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso esisodwa, isilinganiso esinjalo singabhalwa kanje:

Umfanekiso 2-1. Phinda isibalo se-melodic

    Labo. ekuqaleni kwesilinganiso, kuboniswa isibalo somculo, bese, esikhundleni sokuphinda udwebe lesi sibalo izikhathi ezi-3, isidingo sokuphindaphinda sikhonjiswe amafulegi izikhathi ezi-3. Ekugcineni, udlala lokhu okulandelayo:

Umfanekiso 2-2. Ukusebenza kwesibalo somculo

    Vuma, irekhodi elifushanisiwe lifundeka kalula! Sicela uqaphele ukuthi emfanekisweni wethu, inothi ngalinye linamafulegi amabili (amanothi eshumi nesithupha). Yingakho zikhona ezimbili imigqa ezimpawini eziphindaphindayo.

    Qaphela phinda.
    Ukuphindwa kwenothi elilodwa noma i-chord kukhonjiswa ngendlela efanayo. Cabangela lesi sibonelo:

Umfanekiso 2-3. Impinda yenothi elilodwa

    Lokhu kufaka kuzwakala, njengoba ubusuvele uqagele, kanje:

Umfanekiso 2-4. Ukubulawa

    I-Tremolo.
    Ukusheshisa, okufanayo, ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiwe kwemisindo emibili kubizwa ngokuthi igama elithi tremolo. Umfanekiso 3-1 ukhombisa umsindo we-tremolo, kushintshana amanothi amabili: "yenza" kanye "no":

Umfanekiso 2-5. Isibonelo somsindo we-Tremolo

    Ngamafuphi, le tremolo izobukeka kanje:

Umfanekiso 2-6. Ukuqoshwa kwe-Tremolo

    Njengoba ubona, isimiso siyafana yonke indawo: amanothi owodwa noma amabili (njengaku-tremolo) abonisiwe, ubude bawo bulingana nesamba samanothi adlalwa ngempela. Imivimbo esesiqwini senothi ikhombisa inani lamafulegi azodlalwa.
    Ezibonelweni zethu, siphinda kuphela umsindo wenothi elilodwa, kodwa futhi ungabona izifinyezo ezinjengalezi:

Umfanekiso 2-7. Futhi futhi i-tremolo

    Ezenye.

    Ngaphansi kwale rubrikhi, uhlole izimpinda ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso.

3. Izimpawu zokudluliselwa ku-octave.

    Uma ingxenye encane yomculo iphansi kakhulu noma iphakeme kakhulu ukuze kube lula ukubhala nokufunda, bese uqhubeka kanje: ingoma ibhaliwe ukuze ibe emigqeni eyinhloko yabasebenzi bomculo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, babonisa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukudlala i-octave ephakeme (noma ephansi). Ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani, cabanga ngezibalo:

Umfanekiso 3-1. I-8va ibophezela ukudlala i-octave ephakeme

    Sicela uqaphele: 8va ibhalwe ngenhla kwamanothi, futhi ingxenye yamanothi iphinde igqanyiswe ngomugqa wamachashazi. Wonke amanothi ngaphansi komugqa wamachashazi, aqala ku-8va, adlala i-octave ephakeme kunaleyo ebhaliwe. Labo. okuboniswa esithombeni kufanele kudlalwe kanje:

Umfanekiso 3-2. Ukubulawa

    Manje cabanga ngesibonelo lapho kusetshenziswa amanothi aphansi. Bheka isithombe esilandelayo (iculo lika-Agatha Christie):

Umfanekiso 3-3. I-Melody emigqeni eyengeziwe

    Le ngxenye yomculo ibhalwe emigqeni eyengeziwe ngezansi. Sizosebenzisa umbhalo othi “8vb”, siwamaka ngomugqa onamachashazi lawo manothi adinga ukwehliswa i-octave (kulokhu, amanothi esigxotsheni azobhalwa phezulu kunomsindo wangempela nge-octave):

Umfanekiso 3-4. I-8vb ibophezela ukudlala i-octave ephansi

    Ukubhala sekuhlangene kakhulu futhi kulula ukukufunda. Umsindo wamanothi uhlala ufana.
    Iphuzu elibalulekile: uma yonke ingoma izwakala kumanothi aphansi, khona-ke, yiqiniso, akekho ozodweba umugqa wamachashazi ngaphansi kwawo wonke ucezu. Kulokhu, i-bass clef Fa isetshenziswa. U-8vb no-8va asetshenziselwa ukufushanisa ingxenye yocezu kuphela.
    Kukhona enye inketho. Esikhundleni sika-8va no-8vb, kungabhalwa u-8 kuphela. Kulokhu, umugqa wamachashazi ubekwa ngaphezu kwamanothi uma udinga ukudlala i-octave ephakeme, nangaphansi kwamanothi uma udinga ukudlala i-octave ephansi.

    Ezenye.
    Kulesi sahluko, ufunde ngolunye uhlobo lwesifinyezo somculo. I-8va ibonisa ukudlala i-octave ngaphezu kwalokho okubhaliwe, futhi i-8vb - i-octave ngaphansi kwalokho okubhaliwe.

4. Dal Segno, Da Coda.

    Amagama athi Dal Segno kanye nethi Da Coda nawo asetshenziselwa ukufushanisa ukuphawula komculo. Zikuvumela ukuthi uhlele ngokuguquguqukayo ukuphindaphinda kwezingxenye zocezu lomculo. Singasho ukuthi kufana nezimpawu zomgwaqo ezihlela ukuhamba kwezimoto. Hhayi nje emigwaqweni, kodwa eduze nesikolo.
 

Dal Segno.
    Isibonakaliso  ikhombisa indawo ozodinga ukuqala kuyo ukuphindaphinda. Sicela uqaphele: uphawu lubonisa kuphela indawo lapho ukudlalwa kabusha kuqala khona, kodwa kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi udlale ukudlala kabusha ngokwako. Futhi inkulumo ethi “Dal Segno”, evame ukufushaniswa ukuze ithi “DS”, iphoqelela ukuqala ukudlala impinda. I-“DS” ivamise ukulandelwa iziqondiso zendlela yokudlala umdlalo futhi. Okuningi ngalokhu ngezansi.
    Ngamanye amazwi: yenza ucezu, hlangana nophawu futhi ungayinaki. Ngemva kokuhlangana nenkulumo ethi "DS" - qala ukudlala ngophawu .
    Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, igama elithi "DS" aligcini nje ngokubophezela ukuqala ukuphindaphinda (iya uphawu), kodwa futhi libonisa indlela yokuqhubeka:
- igama elithi "DS al Fine" lisho okulandelayo: 
- inkulumo ethi "DS al Coda" ibophezela ukubuyela ophawini bese udlala kuze kube yilapho umusho othi “Da Coda”, bese uya ku-Coda (qala ukudlala kusukela kuphawu ).
 

Ikhodi .
    Lona ucezu lokugcina lomculo. Ibhalwe ngophawu . Umqondo we "Coda" ubanzi kakhulu, kuyinkinga ehlukile. Njengengxenye yocwaningo lokubhaliwe komculo, okwamanje, sidinga kuphela uphawu lwekhodi: .

Isibonelo sokuqala: Ukusebenzisa i-“DS al Fine”.

    Ake sibheke indlela amabhithi ahamba ngayo.
    Kala 1. Iqukethe uphawu elithi Segno ( ). Kusukela kuleli phuzu sizoqala ukudlala impinda. Nokho, asikaziboni izinkomba zokuphindaphinda (ibinzana elithi “DS…”) (lesi sisho sizoba esilinganisweni sesibili), ngakho-ke  indiva uphawu.
    Futhi esilinganisweni sokuqala sibona inkulumo ethi "Da Coda". Kusho lokhu okulandelayo: uma sidlala impinda, kuyodingeka ukuthi sisuke kulo musho siye ku-Koda ( ). Nathi asikunaki, njengoba impinda ayikaqali.
    Ngakho-ke, sidlala Ibha #1 njengokungathi azikho izimpawu:

    Ibha 2. Ekupheleni kwebha sibona inkulumo ethi "DS al Coda". Kusho lokhu okulandelayo: udinga ukuqala ukuphindaphinda (kusuka kuphawu ) bese udlala kuze kube igama elithi “Da Coda”, bese uya ku-Coda ( ).
    Ngakho, sidlala Ibha No. 2 ngokugcwele (umbala obomvu ubonisa isiteji esisanda kuqedwa):

…bese, ngokulandela inkomba ethi “DS al Coda”, sidlulela ophawini – lesi Isinyathelo No. 1:

    Ibha 1. Qaphela: Lapha sidlala iBha No. 1 futhi, kodwa lokhu sekuyimpinda! Njengoba siphindele emshweni othi “DS al Coda”, sidlala kuze kube yilapho siyalo sishintshela kukhodi ye-“Da Coda” (ukuze singalayishi kakhulu isithombe, sisule imicibisholo “endala”):

    Ekupheleni kwe-Bar No. 1, sihlangana nenkulumo ethi "Da Coda" - kumele siye eCoda ( ):
    Ibha 3. Futhi manje sidlala kusukela kuphawu lwe-Coda ( ) kuze kube sekupheleni:

    Umphumela. Ngakho-ke, sithole ukulandelana kwemigoqo elandelayo: Ibha 1, Ibha 2, Ibha 1, Ibha 3.
    Ukucaciswa mayelana ne-Coda. Nakulokhu, ake sicacise ukuthi igama elithi “Coda” linencazelo ejulile kunaleyo eboniswe esibonelweni. I-Coda - ingxenye yokugcina yomsebenzi. I-Coda ayibhekwa lapho wena, lapho uhlukanisa umsebenzi, unquma ukwakhiwa kwawo.
Ohlakeni lwalesi sihloko, sicabangele isifinyezo sombhalo womculo, ngakho-ke, asizange sigxile kumqondo we-Coda ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa sasebenzisa igama layo kuphela: .
 

    Umphumela.
    Ufunde izifinyezo eziningi eziwusizo zokuphawula komculo. Lolu lwazi luyoba usizo kakhulu kuwe esikhathini esizayo.