UMaria Malibran |

UMaria Malibran

UMalibran, i-coloratura mezzo-soprano, ubengomunye wabaculi abavelele ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX. Ikhono elimangalisayo lomculi lembulwa ngokugcwele ezingxenyeni ezigcwele imizwa ejulile, ama-pathos, nothando. Ukusebenza kwayo kubonakala ngenkululeko yokuthuthukisa, ubuciko, nokuphelela kobuchwepheshe. Izwi likaMalibran lahlukaniswa ngokugqama kwalo okukhethekile nobuhle be-timbre kurejista engezansi.

Noma yiliphi iqembu elilungiswe nguye lithole umlingisi oyingqayizivele, ngoba ukuze uMalibran adlale indima kwakusho ukuyiphila emculweni nasesiteji. Kungakho uDesdemona, Rosina, Semiramide, Amina wakhe waduma.

UMaria Felicita Malibran wazalwa ngo-March 24, 1808 eParis. UMaria uyindodakazi ye-tenor edumile uManuel Garcia, umculi waseSpain, isigingci, umqambi kanye nothisha wezwi, ukhokho womndeni wabaculi abadumile. Ngaphezu kuka-Maria, kwakuhlanganisa nomculi odumile u-P. Viardo-Garcia kanye nomculi wezwi elinguthisha uM. Garcia Jr.

Kusukela eneminyaka eyisithupha, intombazane yaqala ukuhlanganyela emidlalweni ye-opera eNaples. Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, uMaria waqala ukufundela ukucula eParis ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukayise. UManuel Garcia wafundisa indodakazi yakhe ubuciko bokucula nokwenza ngendlela eqinile ehambisana nobushiqela. Kamuva, wathi uMary kwadingeka aphoqelelwe ukuba asebenze ngesandla sensimbi. Kodwa nokho, njengoba ekwazile ukwethula umoya wakhe oyisivunguvungu emingceleni yobuciko, uyise wenza indodakazi yakhe umculi omangalisayo.

Entwasahlobo ka-1825, umndeni wakwaGarcia waya eNgilandi ngesizini ye-opera yase-Italy. Ngo-June 7, 1825, uMaria oneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa ubudala wenza i-debut yakhe esiteji se-London Royal Theatre. Ungene esikhundleni sikaGiuditta Pasta owayegula. Ngemva kokucula phambi komphakathi wamaNgisi njengoRosina eThe Barber of Seville, efunda ezinsukwini ezimbili nje, lo mculi osemusha waba nempumelelo enkulu futhi wathembisana umshado neqembu ngaphambi kokuphela kwesizini.

Ekupheleni kwehlobo, umndeni wakwaGarcia uhamba ngesikebhe saseNew York ukuze uvakashele e-United States. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, uManuel wahlanganisa iqembu elincane le-opera, kuhlanganise namalungu omkhaya wakubo.

Isizini yavulwa ngoNovemba 29, 1825, ePark tietre nguBarber waseSeville; ekupheleni konyaka, uGarcia wadlalela uMaria i-opera yakhe ethi The Daughter of Mars, kwathi kamuva amanye ama-opera amathathu: Cinderella, The Evil Lover nethi Indodakazi Yomoya. Amakhonsathi abe impumelelo yobuciko kanye nezezimali.

Ngo-March 2, 1826, ngokuphikelela kukayise, uMaria washada eNew York umthengisi osekhulile ongumFulentshi, u-E. Malibran. Lesi sakamuva sasibhekwa njengendoda ecebile, kodwa ngokushesha yashabalala. Nokho, uMaria akazange alahlekelwe ukuba khona kwakhe kwengqondo futhi wahola inkampani entsha ye-opera yase-Italy. Okwajabulisa umphakathi waseMelika, lo mculi waqhubeka nochungechunge lwemidlalo ye-opera. Ngenxa yalokho, uMaria wakwazi ukukhokha ingxenye yezikweletu zomyeni wakhe kuyise nakubabolekisi. Ngemva kwalokho, wahlukana kuze kube phakade Malibran, futhi ngo-1827 wabuyela eFrance. Ngo-1828, umculi waqala ukudlala e-Grand Opera, i-Italian Opera eParis.

Kwakuyisiteji se-Italian Opera ukuthi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-20 yaba inkundla yezobuciko "izimpi" ezidumile phakathi kukaMaria Malibran noHenriette Sontag. Emiculweni ye-opera lapho babevela ndawonye, ​​abaculi ngamunye wayefuna ukudlula imbangi yakhe.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, u-Manuel Garcia, owaxabana nendodakazi yakhe, wenqaba yonke imizamo yokubuyisana, nakuba wayehlala eswele. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka bahlangane esiteji se-opera yase-Italy. Ngesinye isikhathi, njengoba u-Ernest Legouwe ekhumbula, bavumelana ekusebenzeni kwe-Othello kaRossini: ubaba - endimeni ka-Othello, osekhulile futhi onezinwele ezimpunga, nendodakazi - endimeni kaDesdemona. Bobabili badlale futhi bacula ngokukhulu ugqozi. Ngakho-ke esiteji, kwaba nehlombe umphakathi, ukubuyisana kwabo kwenzeka.

Ngokuvamile, uMaria wayeyi-inimitable Rossini Desdemona. Ukucula kwakhe ingoma yosizi emayelana nomzanene kwathinta amehlo ka-Alfred Musset. Wadlulisela imibono yakhe enkondlweni eyabhalwa ngo-1837:

Futhi i-aria yayikuyo yonke into efana nokububula, Okuwukuphela kokudabuka okungaphuma esifubeni, Ukukhala komphefumulo, okudabukisayo ngokuphila. Ngakho uDesdemona wacula okokugcina ngaphambi kokuba alale ... Okokuqala, umsindo ocacile, ogcwele ukulangazelela, Wathinta kancane nje ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, Njengokungathi ubhajwe yisihenqo senkungu, Lapho umlomo uhleka, kodwa amehlo agcwele izinyembezi. ... Nasi isitanza esidabukisayo esiculwa okokugcina, Umlilo wedlula emphefumulweni, kungenanjabulo, ukukhanya, Ihabhu lidabukile, lishaywe ngokudangala, Yagoba intombazane, idabukile yaphaphatheka, Sengathi ngiyabona ukuthi umculo ngowasemhlabeni. Engakwazi ukuhlanganisa umphefumulo womfutho wakhe, Kodwa waqhubeka ecula, efa ngokukhala, Ngehora lokufa kwakhe wawisa iminwe yakhe ezintanjeni.

Ekunqobeni kukaMariya, udadewabo omncane uPolina naye wayekhona, owabamba iqhaza ngokuphindaphindiwe kumakhonsathi akhe njengomdlali wopiyano. Odade - inkanyezi yangempela kanye nekusasa - babengafani nhlobo. UMaria omuhle, "uvemvane olukhazimulayo", ngokusho kukaL. Eritte-Viardot, wayengakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi oqhubekayo, okhuthele. UPolina omubi wayehlukaniswa ezifundweni zakhe ngokuzimisela nokubekezela. Umehluko ngesimilo awuzange uphazamise ubungane babo.

Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ngemva kokuba uMaria ehambile eNew York, ekuphakameni kodumo lwakhe, umculi wahlangana nomculi wevayolini odumile waseBelgium uCharles Berio. Iminyaka eminingana, ngokucasuka kukaManuel Garcia, bahlala emshadweni womphakathi. Bashada ngokusemthethweni kuphela ngo-1835, lapho uMary ekwazi ukuhlukanisa nomyeni wakhe.

Ngo-June 9, 1832, phakathi nohambo oluhle lwaseMalibran e-Italy, ngemva kokugula isikhashana, uManuel Garcia washona eParis. Edabuke kakhulu, uMary washeshe wabuya eRoma waya eParis futhi, kanye nonina, baqala ukuhlela izindaba. Umndeni oyintandane - umama, uMaria noPolina - bathuthela eBrussels, ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-Ixelles. Bazinza esithabathabeni esakhiwe ngumyeni ka-Maria Malibran, indlu kanokusho ye-neoclassical, enezindondo ezimbili ze-stucco ngaphezu kwamakholomu e-semi-rotunda esebenza njengomnyango. Manje umgwaqo lapho le ndlu yayikhona ibizwa ngegama lomculi odumile.

Ngo-1834-1836, uMalibran wenza ngempumelelo eLa Scala Theatre. NgoMeyi 15, 1834, kwavela omunye uNorma omkhulu eLa Scala - Malibran. Ukwenza le ndima ngokushintshana ne-Pasta edumile kwakubonakala kungavamile.

Yu.A. UVolkov uyabhala: “Abalandeli bakaPasta babikezela ngokungananazi ukwehluleka komculi osemusha. I-Pasta yayibhekwa "unkulunkulukazi". Nokho uMalibran wanqoba iMilanese. Umdlalo wakhe, ongenazo izimiso nezinkulumo zendabuko, ofumbathiswe ubusha obuqotho kanye nolwazi olujulile. Umculi, njengokungathi, wavuselela, wasusa umculo nesithombe sayo yonke into engafaneleki, yokwenziwa, futhi, engena ezimfihlakalweni ezijulile zomculo kaBellini, waphinde wenza isithombe esinezici eziningi, esijabulisayo, esithandekayo sikaNorma, indodakazi efanelekayo, umngane othembekile futhi umama onesibindi. AbakwaMilane bashaqeka. Ngaphandle kokukopela intandokazi yabo, bakhokha intela kuMalibran.

Ngo-1834, ngaphezu kukaNorma Malibran, wenza i-Desdemona ku-Otello kaRossini, i-Romeo e-Capulets nase-Montagues, i-Amina ku-La Sonnambula ka-Bellini. Umculi odumile u-Lauri-Volpi waphawula: "E-La Sonnambula, washaya ingelosi yangempela yomugqa wezwi, futhi emshwaneni odumile kaNorma othi "Usezandleni zami kusukela manje" wayazi ukuthi angabeka kanjani ulaka olukhulu lwezwi. ibhubesikazi elimele.”

Ngo-1835, lo mculi uphinde wacula izingxenye ze-Adina e-L'elisir d'amore kanye noMary Stuart ku-opera ka-Donizetti. Ngo-1836, esecule indima yesihloko ku-Giovanna Grai kaVaccai, wavalelisa kuMilan wabe esecula kafushane ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini eLondon.

Ithalenta likaMalibran laziswa kakhulu ngabaqambi uG. Verdi, F. Liszt, umlobi uT. Gauthier. Futhi umqambi uVincenzo Bellini waba phakathi kwabalandeli abaqotho bomculi. Umqambi wase-Italy ukhulume ngomhlangano wokuqala noMalibran ngemuva kokudlalwa kwe-opera yakhe ethi La Sonnambula eLondon encwadini ayibhalela uFlorimo:

“Anginawo amazwi anele okunitshela ukuthi ngahlukunyezwa kanjani, ngahlukunyezwa kanjani noma, njengoba amaNeapolitans esho,“ ngaphucwa ”umculo wami ompofu ngala maNgisi, ikakhulukazi njengoba ayewucula ngolimi lwezinyoni, cishe opholi, engangingakwazi ukuqonda amandla. Kwaze kwaba yilapho uMalibran ecula lapho ngabona khona i-Sleepwalker yami...

… Ku-allegro yesigcawu sokugcina, noma kunalokho, ngamagama athi “Ah, mabbraccia!” (“Ah, ngigone!”), Wabeka imizwa eminingi, wayisho ngobuqotho, kangangokuthi ekuqaleni wangimangaza, wabe esengijabulisa kakhulu.

… Izithameli bezifuna ukuthi ngingene esiteji ngaphandle kwephutha, lapho ngicishe ngahudulwa isixuku sabantu abasha ababezibiza ngabalandeli abawushisekela umculo wami, kodwa engingenalo udumo lokubazi.

UMalibran wayengaphambi kwawo wonke umuntu, waziphonsa entanyeni yami futhi ekuqhumeni okukhulu kwenjabulo wacula amanothi ami ambalwa “Ah, mabbraccia!”. Akabange esasho lutho. Kodwa ngisho nalokhu kubingelela okunesivunguvungu nokungalindelekile kwakwanele ukwenza uBellini, kakade ejabule ngokweqile, engakwazi ukukhuluma. “Injabulo yami isifike ekugcineni. Angikwazanga ukuphimisa izwi futhi ngadideka ngokuphelele ...

Saphuma sibambene ngezandla: okunye ungacabanga ngokwakho. Engingakutshela khona ukuthi angazi noma ngiyoke ngibe nokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu ekuphileni kwami.”

F. Pastura uyabhala:

“U-Bellini uthathwe wuthando lukaMalibran, futhi isizathu salokhu kwaba ukubingelela ayecula nokugona ahlangane nakho ngemuva kwesiteji enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Kumculi, ngokunwebeka ngokwemvelo, konke kwaphela ngaleso sikhathi, akakwazanga ukwengeza lutho kulawo manothi ambalwa. Ku-Bellini, imvelo evuthayo kakhulu, ngemva kwalo mhlangano, yonke into isanda kuqala: lokho uMalibran angazange amtshele khona, weza naye ...

… Wasizwa ukuba abuyele ezingqondweni ngenxa yendlela ewujuqu kaMalibran, owakwazi ukukhuthaza umCatanian oshisekayo ukuthi ngenxa yothando wathatha umuzwa ojulile wokuncoma ithalente lakhe, elingazange lidlulele ngalé kobungane.

Futhi kusukela lapho, ubudlelwano phakathi kweBellini neMalibran buye buhlala bunobungane futhi bufudumele. Umculi ubeyiciko elihle. Wapenda isithombe esincane sikaBellini futhi wamnika ibrooch enomfanekiso wakhe. Umculi wayezigada ngentshiseko lezi zipho.

UMalibran akagcinanga nje ngokudweba kahle, wabhala inqwaba yemisebenzi yomculo - ama-nocturnes, ezothando. Eziningi zazo zenziwa udadewabo uViardo-Garcia.

Maye, uMalibran washona esemncane. Ukufa kukaMary kusukela ekuweni kwehhashi ngoSepthemba 23, 1836 eManchester kwabangela ukusabela okuzwelayo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, i-opera kaBennett ethi Maria Malibran yadlalwa eNew York.

Phakathi kwezithombe zomculi omkhulu, odume kakhulu nguL. Pedrazzi. Itholakala eLa Scala Theatre Museum. Nokho, kukhona inguqulo enengqondo ngokuphelele ukuthi uPedrazzi wenza kuphela ikhophi yomdwebo womdwebi omkhulu waseRussia uKarl Bryullov, omunye umuntu othanda ithalente likaMalibran. "Wakhuluma ngabaculi bangaphandle, wanikeza okuthandayo kuNkk. Malibran ...", wakhumbula umculi u-E. Makovsky.