Ukuguqulwa kwezikhawu noma umlingo ezifundweni ze-solfeggio

Ukuguqulwa kwezikhawu ukuguqulwa kwesikhawu esisodwa sibe kwesinye ngokuhlela kabusha imisindo engaphezulu nephansi. Njengoba wazi, umsindo ophansi we-interval ubizwa ngokuthi isisekelo sawo, futhi umsindo ongaphezulu ubizwa ngokuthi phezulu.

Futhi, uma ushintshanisa phezulu nezansi, noma, ngamanye amazwi, umane uguqule isikhawu sibheke phansi, umphumela uzoba isikhawu esisha, okuzoba ukuguqulwa kwesikhawu somculo sokuqala, sokuqala.

I-interval inversion yenziwa kanjani?

Okokuqala, sizohlaziya ukukhohlisa kuphela ngezikhawu ezilula. Ukuguqulwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisa umsindo ophansi, okungukuthi, isisekelo, phezulu kwe-octave ehlanzekile, noma ukuhambisa umsindo ophansi wesikhawu, okungukuthi, phezulu, phansi kwe-octave. Umphumela uzoba okufanayo. Owodwa kuphela umsindo onyakazayo, umsindo wesibili uhlala endaweni yawo, awudingi ukuwuthinta.

Isibonelo, ake sithathe i-“do-mi” yesithathu enkulu futhi siyiguqule nganoma iyiphi indlela. Okokuqala, sihambisa isisekelo se-"do" phezulu kwe-octave, sithola isikhawu se-"mi-do" - ingxenye yesithupha encane. Khona-ke ake sizame ukwenza okuphambene futhi sihambise umsindo ongaphezulu "mi" phansi kwe-octave, ngenxa yalokho sithola "mi-do" encane yesithupha. Esithombeni, umsindo osele endaweni uqokonyiswe ngokuphuzi, futhi lowo ohambisa i-octave uqokonyiswe ku-lilac.

Esinye isibonelo: isikhawu esithi “re-la” sinikezwa (lokhu ingxenye yesihlanu emsulwa, njengoba kunezinyathelo ezinhlanu phakathi kwemisindo, futhi inani lekhwalithi lingamathoni amathathu nengxenye). Ake sizame ukuhlehlisa lesi sikhawu. Sidlulisela "re" ngenhla - sithola "la-re"; noma sidlulisela u-“la” ngezansi futhi siphinde sithole “la-re”. Kuzo zombili izimo, okwesihlanu okumsulwa kwaphenduka okwesine okumsulwa.

Ngendlela, ngezenzo ezihlehlayo, ungabuyela ezinkathini zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, i-"mi-do" yesithupha ingashintshwa ibe yi-"do-mi" yesithathu, lapho saqala khona, kodwa eyesine "la-re" ingashintshwa kalula ibe "re-la" yesihlanu.

Lithini? Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi kunokuxhumana okuthile phakathi kwezikhawu ezihlukene, nokuthi kukhona amapheya wezikhawu ezihlehliswayo. Lokhu kuqashelwa okuthakazelisayo kwakha isisekelo semithetho yokuguqulwa kwezikhawu.

Imithetho yokuguqulwa kwesikhawu

Siyazi ukuthi noma yisiphi isikhawu sinobukhulu obubili: inani lomthamo kanye nenani lekhwalithi. Eyokuqala ivezwa ukuthi zingaki izinyathelo lokhu noma leso sikhawu esihlanganisayo, kukhonjiswa inombolo, futhi igama lesikhawu lincike kuyo (i-prima, eyesibili, yesithathu, nabanye). Okwesibili kukhombisa ukuthi mangaki amathoni noma ama-semitones esikhaleni. Futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izikhawu zinamagama acacisayo engeziwe asuka kumagama "okumsulwa", "okuncane", "okukhulu", "kunyusiwe" noma "kuncishisiwe". Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kokubili imingcele yesikhashana iyashintsha lapho ifinyelelwa - kokubili inkomba yesinyathelo kanye nethoni.

Mibili kuphela imithetho.

Umthetho 1. Lapho iguquliwe, izikhathi ezihlanzekile zihlala zihlanzekile, ezincane ziphenduka zibe ezinkulu, futhi ezinkulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, zibe ezincane, izikhathi ezincishisiwe ziyanda, futhi izikhathi ezikhulayo, nazo, ziyancipha.

Umthetho 2. Amaprim aphenduka ama-octave, nama-octaves abe ama-prim; imizuzwana iphenduka eyesikhombisa, neyesikhombisa ibe imizuzwana; okwesithathu kube okwesithupha, okwesithupha kube okwesithathu, amakwata abe okwesihlanu, okwesihlanu, ngokulandelana, kube okwesine.

Isamba sezikhala zezikhawu ezilula ezishintshayo zilingana nesishiyagalolunye. Isibonelo, i-prima ikhonjiswa ngenombolo 1, i-octave ngenombolo 8. 1+8=9. Okwesibili – 2, okwesikhombisa – 7, 2+7=9. Okwesithathu - 3, okwesithupha - 6, 3+6=9. Amaquarts – 4, fives – 5, kuhlangene futhi kuvela u-9. Futhi, uma ukhohlwe ngokungazelele ukuthi ubani oya kuphi, vele ukhiphe igama lezinombolo zesikhawu osinikezwe lona kweyisishiyagalolunye.

Ake sibone ukuthi le mithetho isebenza kanjani ekusebenzeni. Kunikezwa izikhawu ezimbalwa: i-prima emsulwa esuka ku-D, ingxenye yesithathu encane ukusuka ku-mi, isekhondi elikhulu ukusuka ku-C-sharp, okwesikhombisa okunciphile ukusuka ku-F-sharp, okwesine okungeziwe ukusuka ku-D. Masizibuyisele emuva futhi sibone izinguquko.

Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuguqulwa, i-prima ehlanzekile evela ku-D yaphenduka i-octave ehlanzekile: ngakho-ke, amaphuzu amabili aqinisekisiwe: okokuqala, izikhathi ezihlanzekile zihlala zihlanzekile ngisho nangemva kokuguqulwa, futhi, okwesibili, i-prima isibe i-octave. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "i-mi-sol" encane yesithathu ngemva kokuguqulwa kwavela njengengxenye enkulu yesithupha "sol-mi", ephinda iqinisekisa imithetho esesivele siyilungisile: encane yakhula yaba enkulu, eyesithathu yaba eyesithupha. Isibonelo esilandelayo: isibili esikhulu esithi "C-sharp ne-D-sharp" saphenduka saba ingxenye yesikhombisa encane yemisindo efanayo (encane - ibe enkulu, yesibili - ibe yesikhombisa). Ngokufanayo kwezinye izimo: ukunciphisa kuyakhula futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Zihlole!

Siphakamisa ukuzijwayeza okuncane ukuze sihlanganise kangcono isihloko.

IZIVIVINYO: Ngokunikezwa uchungechunge lwezikhathi, udinga ukunquma ukuthi lezi zikhawu ziyini, bese ngokwengqondo (noma ngokubhala, uma kunzima ngokushesha) ukuziguqula futhi usho ukuthi zizophenduka zibe yini ngemva kokuguqulwa.

Igxila ngezikhawu ezihlanganisiwe

Izikhawu ezihlanganisiwe zingabamba iqhaza ekujikelezeni. Khumbula ukuthi izikhawu ezibanzi kune-octave, okungukuthi, nones, amadesimu, ama-undecim, nezinye, zibizwa ngokuthi inhlanganisela.

Ukuze uthole isikhawu esiyinhlanganisela uma uhlanekezelwe ukusuka esikhaleni esilula, udinga ukunyakazisa kokubili phezulu nangaphansi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo siyi-octave phezulu, futhi phezulu kuyi-octave phansi.

Isibonelo, ake sithathe ingxenye enkulu yesithathu ethi “do-mi”, sihambise isisekelo esithi “yenza” sibe yi-octave phezulu, kanye nephezulu “mi”, ngokulandelana, sibe ne-octave phansi. Njengomphumela walokhu kunyakaza okukabili, sithole isikhawu esibanzi esithi “mi-do”, okwesithupha ku-octave, noma, ukunemba kakhudlwana, idesimali encane yesithathu.

Ngendlela efanayo, ezinye izikhawu ezilula zingaguqulwa zibe izikhawu ezihlanganisiwe, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, isikhawu esilula singatholakala esikhawulweni esiyinhlanganisela uma ingaphezulu layo lehliswa i-octave futhi isisekelo sayo siphakanyiswa.

Yimiphi imithetho ezolandelwa? Isamba sokuqokwa kwezikhawu ezimbili eziguquguqukayo sizolingana neshumi nesithupha. Ngakho:

• I-Prima iphenduka i-quintdecima (1+15=16);
• Isekhondi liphenduka libe i-quarterdecimum (2+14=16);
• Owesithathu udlulela ku-decima yesithathu (3+13=16);
• Iquart iba yi-duodecima (4+12=16);
• U-Quinta uphinda uzalwa e-undecima (5+11=16);
• I-Sexta iphenduka i-decima (6+10=16);
• I-Septima ivela njenge-nona (7+9=16);
• Lezi zinto azisebenzi nge-octave, iphenduka ibe ngokwayo ngakho-ke izikhawu ezihlanganisiwe azihlangene nayo, nakuba zikhona izinombolo ezinhle nakulokhu (8+8=16).

Ukusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwezikhawu

Akufanele ucabange ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezikhawu, okufundwe ngemininingwane enjalo esifundweni se-solfeggio yesikole, akunakusebenza okusebenzayo. Kunalokho, kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi edingekayo.

Ububanzi obusebenzayo bokuguqulwa akuhlobene kuphela nokuqonda ukuthi izikhawu ezithile zavela kanjani (yebo, ngokomlando, ezinye izikhawu zatholwa ngokuguquguquka). Emkhakheni wethiyori, ama-inversions ayasiza kakhulu, isibonelo, ekubambeni ngekhanda ama-tritones noma izikhawu zesici ezifundwe esikoleni esiphakeme nasekolishi, ekuqondeni ukwakheka kwama-chords athile.

Uma sithatha indawo yokudala, lapho-ke izikhalazo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqambeni umculo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi asiziqapheli. Lalela, isibonelo, ucezu lomculo omnandi emoyeni wothando, wonke wakhelwe ekukhuphukeni kwephimbo lengxenye yesithathu nesithupha.

Ngendlela, ungazama kalula ukuqamba into efanayo. Noma sithatha okwesithathu kanye nesithupha okufanayo, ngephimbo elehlayo kuphela:

PS Bangane abathandekayo! Ngalokho, siphetha isiqephu sanamuhla. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nokushintsha kwesikhala, sicela ubabuze kumazwana alesi sihloko.

I-PPS Ukuze uthole ukulinganisa kokugcina kwalesi sihloko, siphakamisa ukuthi ubukele ividiyo ehlekisayo evela kuthisha omuhle we-solfeggio wezinsuku zethu, u-Anna Naumova.