Izinkathazo zemvelo |
Itemu elisho iqembu lezinyathelo ezingu-7 eziqinile ze-diatonic. izindlela (bona i-Diatonic) ngokuphambene namamodi, okuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kokuyinhloko. izinyathelo, ama-chromatisms, izinguquko (isibonelo, ezincane zemvelo ngokuphambene ne-harmonic). Ngaphansi kwe-N. l. ngokuvamile lisho frets ehambisana Nar. EYurophu nangaphandle kweYurophu. umculo, ukhathazekile ngekhulu leminyaka eliphakathi. monody, esinye isiRashiya. ukucula kwehlelo, ama-diatonic frets eNtshonalanga Yurophu. nomculo waseRussia wesikhathi esisha (ikhulu le-17-19) nanamuhla. umculo. Lezi izindlela (ezigcwele futhi ezingaphelele) ze-Aeolian (encane yemvelo), i-Ionian (inkulu yemvelo), i-Dorian, i-Mixolydian, i-Frygian, i-Lydian, i-diatonic variables (ngokugcinwa kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, isibonelo, engomeni ethi "The umntwana wahamba ehlathini” eqoqweni N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov), kanye neLokrian engavamile kakhulu; kwe N.l. zihlanganisa i-anhemitone pentatonic yazo zonke izinhlobo. Uhlelo olujwayelekile N. l. (ngokuka-IV Sposobin):
N. l. abe nemibala ehlukahlukene. Isibonelo, uDorian - onombala omncane okhanyisiwe, uLydian - onesici esithuthukisiwe ukhiye omkhulu, njll. Emculweni wekhulu le-19-20. abaqambi (E. Grieg, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, IF Stravinsky, B. Bartok, C. Debussy, nabanye) bavame ukusebenzisa i-N. l. ngezinjongo zomsindo wemibalabala. Ngakho-ke, elinye lamacala okusebenzisa i-N. l. njenge-express ekhethekile. kusho - ku-opera "Inganekwane Yedolobha Elingabonakali LaseKitezh kanye Nentombi YaseFevronia" kaRimsky-Korsakov: i-juxtaposition ka-N. l. nomculo we-chromatic ogcwele izinguquko udlulisa umehluko wokucacile, okulula, wemvelo. izinkulumo ze-Fevronia nemishwana engacacile, ehlanekezelwe, engaphumuli yeGrishka Kuterma.
U-Rimsky-Korsakov. "Indaba Yedolobha Elingabonakali LaseKitezh kanye Nentombi YaseFevronia", Umthetho IV.
Nokho, umqondo kaN. l. ngezindlela. ukukala ngokwemibandela. Igama elithi “imvelo” (ngomqondo ojwayelekile – “imvelo”, “okuhambisana nemvelo”) lapha lisho “okunikezwe ngokwemvelo” (cf. “isikali semvelo”, “izimpondo zemvelo”), akuguquliwe, hhayi okokwenziwa (cf. ukuphikiswa: ama-flageolets “emvelo ” kanye “nokwenziwa”). Ku-N.l. i-diatonicism ingokwemvelo, eqondwa njengesimiso esiyisisekelo. Ngakho umehluko eYurophu. okuncane phakathi "kwemvelo", isikali esiyinhloko, esiboniswa izimpawu eziyinhloko ezivamile, kanye ne-semitone yesingeniso "yokwenziwa", esetshenziswa ngokuhlelekile, kodwa engalingani ngamalungelo ngamathoni we-N. l. Kodwa umehluko onjalo usebenza eYurophu kuphela. isiko lomculo; ama-oriental frets akhulisiwe okwesibili empeleni anjengokuthi "emvelo," okungukuthi, emvelo, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zomculo wesintu ngokujwayelekile (ngezindlela zomdabu, yonke into ingokwemvelo, yonke into iyisisekelo nje, ngaphandle kwezingqimba kuyo). (Bheka umculo wamaNdiya.) Kulo mbono, akunakwenzeka ukuthi singabaluli ku-N. l., isibonelo, imodi yansuku zonke (GAHcdefgab-c1-d1), lapho imisindo eyakha i-octave encishisiwe (Hb) zingokwemvelo ngokufanayo ( bheka, isibonelo, isolo lesithathu likamabhalane kusukela esenzweni sesi-3 se-opera ka-Rimsky-Korsakov ethi The Night Before Christmas), kanye “nokusabalalisa i-chromatism” (itemu lika-AD Kastalsky) ngesiRashiya. nar. umculo. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuqonda kanye yesimanje. Isistimu enezinyathelo ezingu-2 njengemvelo, okungukuthi ayihlobene nokushintshwa kwemisindo yesistimu yezinyathelo ezingu-12. "Ucwaningo lomculo wabalimi ... lungiholele ... ekulahleni ngokuphelele ithoni ngayinye yesistimu yethu yamathoni ayishumi nambili," kubhala u-B. Bartok. Kodwa-ke, akulungile ukubiza lesi simiso i-diatonic yezinyathelo ezingu-7, ngoba lokhu kuzophikisana nencazelo yegama elithi "diatonic".
References: I-Catuar GL, Inkambo yethiyori yokuvumelana, izingxenye 1-2, M., 1924-25; I-Autobiography kaBartok B. "Umculo Wanamuhla", No 7, 1925; Gadzhibekov U., Okuyisisekelo komculo wesintu wase-Azerbaijan, Baku, 1945, 1957; Kushnarev XS Imibuzo yomlando kanye nethiyori yomculo we-Armenian monodic, L., 1958; Belyaev VM, Izindatshana zomlando womculo wabantu base-USSR, vol. 1-2, M., 1962-63; Verkov VO, Harmony, ingxenye 1-3, M., 1962-1966, 1970; Sposobin IV, Izinkulumo ngenkambo yokuvumelana, M., 1969; Tyulin Yu. N., Izindlela zemvelo nezokushintsha, M., 1971; Yusfin AG, Eminye imibuzo yokufunda izindlela zomculo wesintu, eqoqweni: Izinkinga zemodi, M., 1972.
Yu. N. Kholopov
