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Inothi lesiFulentshi lengeziwe, nem. Zusatzton, Zusatzton

Umsindo wechord okungeyona eya (yengezwe) kusisekelo sayo sesakhiwo. Kwenye incazelo, uP. “umsindo ongeyona i-chord (okungukuthi, awufakwanga esakhiweni se-tertian sekhwaya), othola incazelo evumelanayo kungwaqa onikeziwe njengengxenye yawo ewumgogodla” ( Yu. N. Tyulin ); Zombili izincazelo zingahlanganiswa. Ngokuvamile, uP.t. kukhulunywa ngakho maqondana nephimbo elingafakiwe esakhiweni se-tertian se-chord (isibonelo, okwesithupha ku-D7). Umehluko wenziwa phakathi kokuthatha indawo (okuthathwe esikhundleni sechordal ehlobene) nokungena (okuhlanganiswe nakho).

F. Chopin. Mazurka op. 17 nxa 4.

PI Tchaikovsky. I-symphony yesi-6, ukunyakaza IV.

P. t. kungenzeka maqondana hhayi kuphela ukulele wesithathu, kodwa futhi Chords isakhiwo esihlukile, kanye polychords:

Ukwengezwa kwamathoni e-P (ikakhulukazi amabili noma amathathu amathoni e-P) ngokuvamile kuholela ekuguqulweni kwe-chord ibe i-polychord. P. t. dala umehluko wokusebenza kwezinto ezintathu esakhiweni se-chord: 1) main. ithoni ("impande" ye-chord), 2) amanye amathoni we-main. izakhiwo (kanye nethoni eyinhloko "umgogodla" we-chord) kanye ne-3) amathoni wesibili (ngokuphathelene ne-P. t., "umgogodla" udlala indima efana "nethoni eyinhloko" ye-oda eliphezulu). Ngakho-ke, ubudlelwano obusebenzayo obulula bungalondolozwa ngisho ne-polyphonic dissonant chord:

SS Prokofiev. "Romeo and Juliet" (10 izingcezu fp. op. 75, No 5, "Masks").

Njengomkhuba wokucabanga kwe-harmonic uP. t. ihlobene eduze nomlando we-dissonance. Eyesikhombisa ekuqaleni yalungiswa ku-chord (D7) njengohlobo lomsindo "oqandisiwe" odlulayo. I-kinetics ye-chord dissonance iyisikhumbuzo semvelaphi yayo, yemvelo yayo "ye-side-tone". I-Crystallized ngekhulu le-17-18. Izinhlamvu ze-tertsovye (kokubili ongwaqa kanye ne-dissonant) zalungiswa, nokho, njengongwaqa abavamile. Ngakho-ke, uP.t. akufanele zihlukaniswe ngamaculo afana ne-V7 noma i-II6/5, kodwa ngongwaqa abayinkimbinkimbi ngokwesakhiwo (kuhlanganise ongwaqa, imisindo engahlelwa ngokwesithathu, isibonelo, “tonic nesithupha”). P. t. ihlobene ngokofuzo ne-acciaccatura, indlela yokwenza yekhulu le-17 nele-18. (no-D. Scarlatti, L. Couperin, JS Bach). P. t. yasakazwa okuthile ngokuvumelana nekhulu le-19. (umphumela we-tonic ngeyesithupha endikimbeni yesibili yesiphetho se-sonata yama-27 ka-Beethoven yepiyano, “EkaChopin” evelele neyesithupha, njll.). P. t. yaba ithuluzi elivamile ngokuvumelana nekhulu lama-20. Kucatshangelwa ekuqaleni ngokuthi “amanothi engeziwe” (VG Karatygin), okungukuthi njengemisindo engeyona i-chord “ibambekile” ku-chord, P. t. isigaba, esilingana nezigaba zemisindo ye-chord ne-non-chord.

Njengethiyori umqondo kaP. t. ibuyela emuva embonweni wokuthi u1bu1bthe "ungezwe okwesithupha" (isithupha ajoutée) ka-JP Rameau (ekulandeleni f2 a2 c1 d1 - c2 g2 c1 e1 ithoni eyinhloko ye-1st chord ithi f, hhayi d, okungukuthi i-PT, i-dissonance yengezwe ku-triad f2 a4 cXNUMX). X. Riemann ucabangele uP. t. (Zusdtze) enye yezindlela eziyi-XNUMX zokwenza izingoma eziphikisayo (kanye nemisindo engeyona i-chord kumabhithi asindayo nalula, kanye nokushintshwa). O. Messiaen wanika uP. t. amafomu ayinkimbinkimbi. I-GL Catuar ibeka igama elithi “P. t.” imisindo engeyona i-chord, kodwa ibheka ngokukhethekile "inhlanganisela ye-harmonic eyakhiwe ngamathoni aseceleni". Yu. N. Tyulin unikeza uP. t. ukuhunyushwa okufanayo, ukuwahlukanisa ngokushintshanisa nokuthatha izimpande.

References: Karatygin VG, Impressionist umculi. (Ekukhiqizweni kwe-Debussy's Peléas et Melisande), Speech, 1915, No 290; I-Catuar GL, Inkambo yethiyori yokuvumelana, ingxenye 2, M., 1925; Tyulin Yu. N., Incwadi Yokuvumelana, ingxenye 2, M., 1959; eyakhe, Ukuvumelana Kwesimanje kanye nemvelaphi yakhona yomlando, eqoqweni: Imibuzo Yomculo Wesimanje, L., 1963, okufanayo, eqoqweni: Izinkinga Zethiyori Zomculo Zekhulu Le-1, vol. 1967, M., 2; Rashinyan ZR, Incwadi yokuvumelana, incwadi. 1966, Er., 1 (ngesi-Armenia); Kiseleva E., AMATHONI Esibili Ngokuvumelana kwe-Prokofiev, ku: Izinkinga zethiyori zomculo zekhulu le-1967, vol. 4, M., 1973; Rivano NG, Umfundi ngokuvumelana, ingxenye 8, M., 18, ch. isishiyagalombili; I-Gulyanitskaya NS, Inkinga ye-chord ekuvumelaneni kwesimanje: mayelana neminye imiqondo ye-Anglo-American, ku: Imibuzo Yezomculo, Izinqubo Zombuso. Musical and Pedagogical Institute. Gnesins, no. 1976, eMoscow, 1887; Riemann H., Handbuch der Harmonielehre, Lpz., 1929, 20; Carner M., Ucwaningo lokuvumelana kwekhulu le-1942, L., (1944); Messiaen O., Technique de mon langage musical. P., (1951); Amaseshini R., umkhuba we-Harmonic, NY, (1961); Rersichetti V., ukuvumelana kwekhulu lamashumi amabili NY, (1966); Ulehla L., Contemporary harmony. Ezothando ngomugqa we-twelvetone, NY-L., (XNUMX).

Yu. H. Kholopov