I-counterpoint ehambayo |

I-counterpoint ehambayo - uhlobo lwe-counterpoint eyinkimbinkimbi, inhlanganisela ye-polyphonic yezingoma (ezihlukile, kanye nezifanayo, ezifanayo, ezibekwe ngendlela yokulingisa), ephakamisa ukwakheka kokukodwa noma okuningana. izinhlanganisela eziphuma kokunye ngenxa yoshintsho esilinganisweni sokuqala ngokuhlela kabusha (ukunyakaza, ukuguqula) le miculo engaguquki. Kuye ngendlela yokuhlela kabusha, ngokwezimfundiso ze-SI Taneyev, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-P. kuya ku-. isilinganiso semiculo ngobude, – ukuxhumana okuphuma kokunye (bheka izibonelo zomculo b, c, d, e) kwakhiwa ngokudlulisela umculo kwesinye noma kwesinye isikhawu phezulu noma phansi (okungukuthi zibheke phezulu); ezihambayo zivundlile, ngokusekelwe onguqukweni ngesikhathi sokungena komculo owodwa, izwi elihlobene nelinye, - ukuxhumana okuphuma kokunye (bona izibonelo f, g) kwakheka ngokususwa komunye womculo. amazwi enani elithile lezilinganiso (izigqi zesilinganiso) kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele (okungukuthi, ngokuvundlile);

SI Taneev. Kusuka encwadini ethi "I-Mobile counterpoint yokubhala okuqinile".

i-mobile kabili, ehlanganisa izakhiwo ze-2 yangaphambilini, - i-compound derivative (bheka izibonelo h, i, j) yakhiwe ngenxa yesikhathi esisodwa. izinguquko esilinganisweni sobude kanye nesilinganiso sezikhathi zokungena kwe-melodic. amavoti (okungukuthi mpo kanye nendawo evundlile).

Kubuhle Ngokuphathelene ne-polyphony, njengokukhiqizwa okuguquliwe kwenhlanganisela yezinto ezingaguquki, njengobunye bokuvuselela nokuphindaphinda, lapho ukuvuselela kungafinyeleli ezingeni lekhwalithi ehlukile, futhi ukuphindaphinda kuhlanganiswe nentsha yesakhiwo, kuyavela. ukuze kube okunye kokubonakaliswa kwemininingwane ye-polyphonic. ukucabanga (bheka i-Polyphony).

Inani elikhulu kakhulu elisebenzayo nokusabalalisa lithi mpo-P. ku. Ngakho, ungubuchwepheshe. isisekelo se-polygonal. Ama-canons esigaba soku-1 (ngaphandle kwalawo lapho amazwi angena khona ngesikhawu esifanayo nasendleleni efanayo).

Isibonelo, ku-quadruple. fp. Ku-canon ye-AV Stanchinsky, kuphakama izimvume eziqondile, uhlelo olungavezwa yilolu hlelo olulandelayo:

Lapha i-Rl ngokuphathelene no-R (bheka i-Risposta, i-Proposta) kanye ne-R3 maqondana ne-R2 faka i-octave ephezulu; u-R2 ungena endaweni yesihlanu engaphansi maqondana no-R1; Inhlanganisela yokuqala yokuqala b + a1, okuphuma kuyo okungu-a1 + b2 no-b1 + a2, inhlanganisela yokuqala yesi-3 c + b2, okuphuma kuyo b1 + c2, ca + b1; i-counterpoint ephindwe kabili ye-duodecym yasetshenziswa (Iv = -3; bheka ngezansi). Izimvume ku-vertical-P. k. – indawo yama-canon angapheli (ngaphandle kwama-canon ku-I ngizokwamukela) kanye ne-canonical. ukulandelana kwesigaba sokuqala. Isibonelo, ku-jubilant-sounding enamakhanda amabili. Ku-canon engapheli eyethulwe ngu-MI Glinka esiphethweni esiwumvuthwandaba se-coda kusukela ekuguqulweni kwe-opera ethi Ruslan noLyudmila, amazwi enza lezi zimvume ezilandelayo:

Lapha: i-compound yokuqala b + a1 (imigoqo 28-27, 24-23, 20-19 kusukela ekupheleni kokuguqulwa), i-derivative a + b1 (imigoqo 26-25, 22-21); I-counterpoint ye-octave ephindwe kabili isetshenzisiwe (ngokunembile, amadesimali esihlanu, Iv = -14). Izibonelo ze-vertical-P. ngoba ku-canon. ukulandelana: enamakhanda amabili. ukusungulwa kwe-a-moll No. 13 Futhi. C. I-Bach, imigoqo 3-4 (yehla ngemizuzwana); umculo oshubile omangalisayo wengxenye yesi-3 ye-cantata ethi “Johane waseDamaseku” kaTaneyev uqukethe izibonelo ezingavamile zokulandelana kwamazwi amane: enombolweni 13 esekelwe ohlotsheni olukhulayo lwendikimba (ukulandelana okwehla ngesithathu, ngo iqiniso ngokuphindwa kabili kwamaphimbo), enombolweni 15 ngokususelwa esihlosweni sokuqala sendikimba (okuyinkimbinkimbi ukugudluka okuvundlile). Iqondile-P. ngoba - imfanelo yamafugues ayinkimbinkimbi nama-fugues anokuphikisana okugciniwe. Isibonelo, ku-fugue ephindwe kabili evela ku-Kyrie ku-Requiem V. A. I-Mozart, izindikimba ezimbili ezihlukene zakha ukuxhumana kokuqala kumabha (abbr. – tt.) 1-4; izinhlanganisela eziphuma kokunye zezindikimba zilandela cishe ngaphandle kokuxhumana kumavolumu. 5-8 (i-octave permutation), 8-11, 17-20 (ekugcineni kwe-permutation ku-duodecime) njalonjalo. I-concentration contrapuntal. amasu (izimvume eziqondile zezindikimba ezi-3) zibonisa ukuphindaphinda kwe-fugue kathathu ku-C kusuka ku-FP. Umjikelezo we-Hindemith "Ludus tonalis", lapho ukuxhumana kokuqala kuma-vols. 35-37 kanye nokuphuma kokunye kuma-vols. 38-40, 43-45, 46-48. Ku-Cis-dur fugue kusukela kuvolumu yoku-1 ye-Well-Tempered Clavier ka-I. C. Itimu ye-Bach ye-fugue kanye nokuphikisana okugciniwe kwakha isihlanganisi sokuqala ku-tt. 5-7, okuphuma kokunye kuma-vols. 10-12, 19-21 nangale kwalokho. Itimu kanye nokuphikisana okubili okugciniwe ku-fugue ngu-D. D. U-Shostakovich C-dur (No 1) ovela kupiyano. umjikelezo "ama-preludes nama-fugues angama-24" akha ukuxhumana kokuqala ngamavolumu. 19-26, ethathwe kuyo ngamavolumu. 40-47, 48-55, 58-65, 66-73. Iqondile-P. ngoba futhi iyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kanye nokubumba ama-fugues ane-polyphonically interludes. Isibonelo, ku-c-moll fugue kusukela kuvolumu yoku-1 ye-Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, i-interlude yokuqala (vol. 5-6) - eyokuqala, yesi-4 (tt. 17-18) - i-derivative (Iv = -11, ngokuphindwe kabili kwezwi eliphansi), kuhlanganisa. Okuphuma ku-19 kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-interlude yesi-4 (Iv = -14, futhi kusukela ku-1st interlude Iv = -3); I-interlude yesi-2 (ama-vols. 9-10) - isiqalo, isihlanganisi sesi-5 (tt. 22-23) iwukuphuma kokunye okuvumelanayo kupheya yamazwi aphezulu. Ku-homophonic kanye ne-homophonic-polyphonic exubile. amafomu aqondile-P. ngoba ingasetshenziswa ngendlela eyodwa noma enye kunoma yisiphi izigaba zabo, isib. lapho akha itimu ekwethulweni komnyakazo wokuqala we-symphony yesi-1 kaGlazunov (5 ama-vols. kufika kunombolo 2 – isiqalo, 4 t. kuze kufike kunombolo 2 - derivative). Lapho kuboniswa itimu eseceleni ekuhambeni koku-1 kwe-symphony yesi-4 ka-P. FUTHI. Tchaikovsky (owokuqala uqala ngo-vol. 122, okuphuma kokunye okuhlanganisa. 128) ukuguqulwa okuqondile kuyindlela yomculo. ukugcwaliswa kwengoma. umculo. Kwesinye isikhathi ukunyakaza okuqondile kusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni okuphakathi kwamafomu alula (L. Beethoven, fp. sonata op. 2 No 2, Largo appassionato: eyokuqala iphakathi nendawo enezingxenye ezimbili, okungukuthi 9, okuphuma kuyo - ngamavolumu. 10 no-11); ekuthuthukisweni kwe-sonata, lena ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi zokuthuthukisa i-motivic (ngokwesibonelo, ekunyakazeni koku-1 kusuka ku-quartet ye-Es-dur ka-V. A. Mozart, K.-V. 428: okwangempela - ama-vols. 85-86, ama-derivatives - ama-vols. 87-88, 89-90, 91-92). I-polyphonic ivame ukusetshenziswa. ukucutshungulwa kwento ngosizo lokushintshwa okuqondile ezingxenyeni zokuphindaphinda, lapho zifaka isandla ekuvuseleleni umsindo (ngokwesibonelo, enkondlweni kaScriabin op. 32 No 1 Fis-dur, okuphuma kokunye kuhlanganisa. 25). Ngokuvamile izimvume eziqondile zisetshenziswa eziphethweni. izingxenye zefomu (ngokwesibonelo, kukhodi ye-Aragonese Jota ka-Glinka: eyokuqala iyinombolo 24, okuphuma kokunye kungu-25). Iqondile-P. ngoba - enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-polyphonic. ukuhlukahluka (isibonelo, ekuhambeni kwe-3 kusukela ku-quartet ye-D-dur ye-Borodin: eyokuqala ekuphindaphindeni inombolo yesi-4, noma njalo. 111, okuphuma kokunye - inombolo 5 noma njalo. 133; kuNo.

Ububanzi bezindawo eziphikisayo ezigudlukayo nezihamba kabili ezinyakazayo bulinganiselwe kakhulu. T. n. "i-counterpoint ngaphandle kokumisa ikhefu" evela ku-P. Mulu's mass (okukhulunywe ngayo ngu-SI Taneyev ku-"Mobile counterpoint" futhi yanyatheliswa kushicilelo 1 lwe-MV Ivanov-Boretsky's Musical-Historical Reader, No 42) kuseyiyona kuphela indlela yayo isibonelo umculo. ukukhiqizwa, okusekelwe ngokuphelele ku-horizontally-P. k.: polyphonic. ucezu lungenziwa ezinguqulweni ezi-2 - ngokumiswa (kwangempela) futhi ngaphandle kwazo (okuphuma kuyo); lokhu kungavamile kusebenza njengomfanekiso omuhle wezindlela zokusebenza zamakhosi enkathi yesitayela esibucayi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inqubo ye-horizontal futhi kabili-P. k. isekela amanye ama-canon esigaba sesi-2 (isibonelo, ukuzwakala njengesiqongo sentuthuko kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala ye-symphony yesi-1 ka-DD Shostakovich, i-canon ephindwe kabili, lapho kuhlanganiswe khona izingqikithi eziyinhloko nesesibili, inombolo 5) kanye ne-canonical . ukulandelana kwesigaba sesi-32 (isibonelo, engxenyeni yesi-2 ye-quartet kaMyaskovsky No. 2, vol. 3 et seq.). Ngokuvamile ngokuvamile izinhlobo ezishiwo ze-P. to. zihlangana ngobubanzi be-fugues namabanga ahlukahlukene ezethulo. Isibonelo, i-ricercar-like fugue ku-C-dur kusukela kuvolumu yoku-70 ye-Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier empeleni iqukethe i-strettas eyinkimbinkimbi eqhubekayo; ku-Credo (Nombolo 1) kusukela eMiseni ku-h-moll ka-JS Bach, okwangempela - amavolumu. 12-4, ama-derivatives - ama-vols. 9-17, 21-34. Ku-fugue evela ku-Ravel's Tomb of Couperin suite, ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuma-strettas kudala imisindo ethambile ephikisayo ewuphawu lwalo mqambi: tt. 37-35 - yokuqala (stretta esihlokweni ngokunyakaza okuqondile nebanga lokungena lesishiyagalombili); tt. 37-39 - okuphuma ku-counterpoint ehlehliswa mpo; TT. 41-44 - okuphuma kokunye endaweni ephikisayo ehlehliswa mpo engaphelele; tt. 46-48 - ethathwe kwedlule nge-offset enezingqimba (ibanga lokungena liyisishiyagalombili); tt. 50-58 - i-derivative ngesimo samagoli amathathu. ilula ngokuphindwe kabili-P. ku.

Ukunyakaza okuvundlile kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala kumafugue anokuphikisa okugciniwe (isb, ku-gis-moll fugues kusuka ku-vol. 1, As-dur kanye no-H-dur kusukela ku-vol. 2 of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier; ku-fugue yokugcina evela ekhonsathini ye-2 FP Stravinsky).

Khipha. umusa uhlukanisa ukunyakaza okuvundlile emculweni we-WA ​​Mozart, ngokwesibonelo. ku-sonata D-dur, K.-V. 576, amaq. 28, 63 kanye no-70 (ibanga lokungena ngokulandelana lingokukodwa-kwesishiyagalombili, isithupha-sesishiyagalombili kanye nesithathu-sesishiyagalombili ngokuvuma okuqondile).

Ubuciko obuhle. ukunyakaza okuvundlile okuhlukile-okumnyama kubalulekile, isibonelo. ku-grand fugue Es-dur yesitho sika-JS Bach, BWV 552, vol. 90 nokunye; ekuhambeni kwe-2 ye-symphony yesi-7 ye-Glazunov, u-4 ulinganisa kuze kufike kunombolo 16. Ku-fugue yokugcina ye-string quintet G-dur op. 14 I-Taneyev izingqikithi ze-fugue ephindwe kabili ekuxhumekeni kokuphuma kwenziwa ngokugudluka okuvundlile (ngamathani ama-2) kanye nemvume eqondile:

Ngokuhambisana no-P. kufanele kubekwe uhlobo lwendawo ephikisanayo eyinkimbinkimbi - i-counterpoint evumela ukuphindwa kabili: inhlanganisela ephuma kokunye yakhiwa ngokuphindaphinda okukodwa (bona izibonelo k, 1) noma wonke (bona isibonelo m) amazwi anamaphimbo angaphelele (emculweni wekhulu lama-20 - kukhona noma yikuphi okunye ukuphinda kabili kuze kufike kumaqoqo). Ngokwesu lokuqamba, i-counterpoint, evumela ukuphinda kabili, isondelene kakhulu ne-vertical-P. ukuze., ngoba izwi eliphindaphindayo empeleni liwumphumela wokuvumela okuma mpo kwesikhawu esiphindwe kabili - ingxenye yesithathu, yesithupha, idesimali. Ukusetshenziswa kokuphindwa kabili kwezinhlanganisela eziphuma kokunye kunikeza umuzwa wokuhlangana, ubukhulu bomsindo; isib. esandulela kanye ne-fugue ye-fp. Glazunov, op. 101 Cha 3 ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezindikimba ze-fugue ephindwe kabili ku-m. 71 ungowokuqala, ku-m. 93 iwukuphuma kokunye okune-octave evumayo eqondile kanye nokuphindwaphindwa kwamazwi; Ekuhlukeni kwe-VI kusukela ku-Vaations on a Theme of Paganini yamapiyano amabili. I-Lutoslavsky ekuqaleni, izwi eliphezulu lihamba ngokuphindwe kabili kwe-tertian, eliphansi elinonxantathu abakhulu, ekuphumeni okungaqondile (v. 6) izwi eliphezulu lihamba nonxantathu abancane abahambisanayo, eliphansi linezingxenye ezintathu.

P. kube. kanye ne-counterpoint, evumela ukuphinda kabili, ingahlanganiswa ne-counterpoint ehlehliswayo (isibonelo, ekuthuthukisweni kwesiphetho se-symphony C-dur "Jupiter" ka-WA Mozart, ukulingisa kwe-canonical ekuhambeni okuqondile emigodleni 173-175 eyokuqala, kumabha 187-189 - okuphuma kokunye okuguquliwe kanye nokuguquguquka kwamazwi okuqondile, kumabha 192-194 - okuphuma kokunye okuvumela ukuthi kume mpo futhi okunezwi elilodwa kuphela eliguquliwe), ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganiswe nalezo zinhlobo zemiculo. izinguquko, ezifana nokwanda, ukunciphisa, ukwakha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukahluka kwe-polyphonic. inhlanganisela ngezindlela. isilinganiso sinquma ukubukeka komculo we-FP. quintet g-moll (op. 30) Taneyev: bheka, isibonelo, izinombolo 72 (original) kanye 78 (derivative with ukwanda kanye nokunyakaza ovundlile), 100 (derivative in kabili P. k.), 220 - in the finale ( inhlanganisela yetimu eyinhloko nokukhula kwayo okuphindwe kane).

Ithiyori ye-counterpoint ne-counterpoint, evumela ukuphindaphinda kabili, yathuthukiswa ngokuphelele ngu-SI Taneev emsebenzini wakhe oyisisekelo "I-counterpoint yeselula yokubhala okuqinile". Umcwaningi usungula inothi evumela izibalo. ngokukhomba ngokunembile ukunyakaza kwamazwi nokunquma izimo zokubhala u-P. Okunye kwalokhu kuqokwa nemiqondo: I - izwi eliphezulu, II - izwi eliphansi kabili naphakathi emazwini amathathu, III - izwi eliphansi ngamaphimbo amathathu (lezi zimpawu zigcinwe kokuphuma kokunye); 0 – prima, 1 – second, 2 – third, 3 – quart, njll. (ukufakwa kwedijithali okunjalo kwezikhawu kuyadingeka ukuze kungezwe futhi kukhishwe); h (okufushane kwe-lat. horisontalis) - ukunyakaza kwezwi okuvundlile; Ih (okufushane kwe-lat. index horisontalis) – inkomba yokunyakaza okuvundlile, okunqunywa emijikelezweni noma kubhithi (bona izibonelo f, g, h, i, j); v (ifushane nge-lat. verticalis) – ukunyakaza kwezwi okuma mpo. Ukunyakaza kwezwi eliphezulu phezulu naphansi kukalwa ngesikhawu esihambisanayo ngenani elivumayo, ukunyakaza kwezwi eliphezulu liyehla futhi lehle liye phezulu ngesikhawu ngophawu lokususa (isibonelo, IIV=2 – ukunyakaza kwezwi eliphezulu. phezulu ngeyesithathu, IIV=-7 - ukunyakaza kwezwi eliphansi phezulu nge-octave). Ku-vertical-P. j. imvume, lapho izwi eliphezulu lokuxhumana kwasekuqaleni (ifomula yoqobo emazwini amabili I + II) ligcina indawo yephezulu kokuphuma kokunye, libizwa ngokuthi okuqondile (bheka izibonelo b, c; umfanekiso obonisa ukuguqulwa okuqondile kumazwi amabili:

). Imvume, lapho izwi eliphezulu lelokuqala lithatha indawo yelo eliphansi kokuphuma kokunye, libizwa ngokuphambene (bona izibonelo d, e; isithombe salo:

).

I-polyphonic enamakhanda amabili inhlanganisela evumela ukuguqulwa okuqondile (hhayi kuphela okuphambene, kodwa futhi - ngokungafani nencazelo evamile enganembile - futhi eqondile), ebizwa. i-double counterpoint (i-doppelter yaseJalimane i-Kontrapunkt); isb, ku-Inventions ephindwe kabili ye-E-dur No 6 JS Bach yoqobo - ngamavolumu. 1-4, okuphuma kuyo - ngamavolumu. 5-8, IV=-14 + II V=-7

). Amakhanda amathathu. uxhumano oluvumela inhlanganisela yamazwi angu-6 (noma yimaphi amazwi okuqala angaba phezulu, aphakathi noma aphansi ekuxhumekeni kokuphuma kokunye) kubizwa ngokuthi i-triple counterpoint (i-German dreifacher Kontrapunkt, Tripelkontrapunkt). Izibalo ezibonisa izimvume ku-triphony:

Isibonelo, ku-Inventions enamagoli amathathu e-f-moll No 9 JS Bach: eyangempela - ngamavolumu. 3-4, okuphuma kuyo - ngamavolumu. 7-8

kuNombolo 19 ku-"Polyphonic Notebook" ka-Shchedrin - okususelwe ku-v. 9. Umgomo ofanayo usekela ukusetshenziswa okuncane. i-quadruple counterpoint (i-German vierfacher Kontrapunkt, i-Quadrupelkontrapunkt), evumela ukuma kwezwi okungu-24 (ngokwesibonelo, bheka izinombolo 5, 6, 7 engxenyeni yokuqala ye-cantata ethi “Johane waseDamaseku”; izinombolo 1, 1, 2, 3 esiphethweni ekwayeni ephindwe kabili engunombolo 4 ye-cantata ethi “Ngemva Kokufundwa KweHubo” kaTaneyev, naku-fugue ku-e-moll kusukela kumjikelezo othi “9 Preludes and Fugues” wepianoforte Shostakovich - ama-vols. 24-15 no-18 -36). Isibonelo esingajwayelekile se-counterpoint emihlanu - ikhodi yesiphetho se-symphony C-dur ("Jupiter") ka-WA ​​Mozart: eyangempela ngamavolumu. 39-384, okuphuma ku-vols. 387-387, 391-392, 395-396, 399-399; isikimu sezimvume:

I-Algebraic. isamba sezikhathi zokunyakaza kwawo womabili amazwi (ngamazwi amabili; kwezintathu kanye ne-polyphony - kupheya ngalinye lamazwi) ibizwa ngokuthi inkomba yokunyakaza okuqondile futhi ichazwa ngokuthi Iv (okufushane kwe-Latin index verticalis; bheka izibonelo b , c, d, e). Iv incazelo ebaluleke kakhulu ezimfundisweni ze-SI Taneev, ngoba uveza izindinganiso zokusetshenziswa kwezikhawu ezakhiwe phakathi kwamazwi e-polyphonic. izicubu, nezici zokuhola kwezwi. Isibonelo, lapho ubhala inhlanganisela yokuqala endaweni ephindwe kabili yedesimali (isb Iv = -9), ukunyakaza kwamazwi okuphambene nokungaqondile kuphela okucatshangwayo ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubhala okuqinile, futhi ukugcinwa kwekota ngezwi eliphezulu futhi akukho ngezwi eliphansi akuvunyelwe ukuze kugwenywe imisindo ephuma kokunye. inhlanganisela engavunyelwe yimithetho yalesi sitayela. Imvume ingenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhawu futhi, ngakho-ke, i-Iv ingaba nanoma yiliphi inani, kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, izinhlobo ezintathu zezimvume zivame kakhulu: amadecimal counterpoint double (Iv = -9 noma -16), ama-duodecimes (Iv = - 11 noma -18) futhi ikakhulukazi i-double octave counterpoint (Iv = -7 noma -14). Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi lapho uvumela i-counterpoint ephindwe kabili ye-octave, i-decima ne-duodecima, i-harmonic ishintsha kancane kokuphuma kokunye. ingqikithi yokuxhumanisa kwasekuqaleni (izikhawu zongwaqa boqobo ngokuvamile zihambisana nezikhawu zongwaqa kokuphuma kokunye; kukhona ukuncika okufanayo phakathi kokuhlukana kwama-dissonance). Ikhono lokwenza izimvume eziqondile ekuwohlokeni. izikhawu (isb ukusebenzisa amanani ahlukile we-Iv) kuhlanganisa ubuciko bokwephula ngokuqondile. indlela evumela umqambi ukuthi ahlukanise ngobuqili i-sonority. Esinye sezibonelo ezivelele i-g-moll fugue evela kuvolumu yesi-2 ye-Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier: itimu nokuphikiswa okubanjiwe kwenza ukuhlangana kokuqala kumabha. 5-9; iphuma ku-tt. 13-17 (Iv=-14), 28-32 (Iv=-11), 32-36 (Iv=-2) kanye 36-40 (Iv=-16); ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-tt. 51-55 kokuphuma kokunye indikimba iphindwe kabili ngeyesithupha ukusuka phezulu (Iv = +5), ku-tt. 59-63 imvume ku-Iv=-14 ngokuphinda kabili itimu ngengxenye yesithathu ukusuka ngezansi, kanye nokwengezwa ngengxenye yesithathu kusuka phezulu (Iv = -2). Emculweni ngemuva kukaBach kuze kufike ekhulwini lama-20. kaningi kusetshenziswa imvume ye-octave elula; nokho, abaqambi, njengoba i-harmonica ikhula. inkululeko isebenzisa izinkomba ezingase zisetshenziswe kancane esikhathini esidlule. Ikakhulukazi, zitholakala ohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. ukulandelana lapho inhlanganisela ephuma kokunye yakheka phakathi kwe-risposta kanye nokuphinda kufakwe i-proposta: isibonelo, ekuhambeni kwesi-2 kwequartet ye-D-dur ka-Mozart, K.-V. 499, amaq. 9-12 (Iv = -13); emgudwini wokuqala weGlazunov's Symphony No. 8, inombolo 26, imiqulu. 5-8 (Iv = -15); emculweni we-opera "Meistersingers of Nuremberg", vol. 7 (Iv = -15) kanye nomqulu. 15 (Iv = -13); esithombeni sokuqala sesi-1 d. "Izinganekwane zedolobha elingabonakali laseKitezh", inombolo 156, ama-vols. 5-8 (Iv=-10); ekunyakazeni koku-1 kwe-Myaskovsky's Quartet No. 12, amaq.

U-HA Rimsky-Korsakov. "I-Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh kanye ne-Maid Fevronia", isenzo III, isigcawu sokuqala.

Ukuxhumana okusungulwe ngu-SI Taneyev ne-canon (encwadini ethi "Imfundiso yeCanon") kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile futhi kunqume ngokwesayensi izimiso zokubola. amafomu e-canon. Ithiyori kaP. yasebenza njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezimfundiso zikaTaneyev ezikhovaneni. musicology (SS Bogatyrev, “Double Canon” kanye “neReversible Counterpoint”).

References: I-Taneev SI, i-Movable counterpoint yokubhala okuqinile, i-Leipzig, i-1909, i-M., i-1959; eyakhe, iDoctrine of the Canon, M., 1929; I-Ivanov-Boretsky MV, umfundi womculo nomlando, vol. 1, M., 1929; I-Bogatyrev SS, i-Double canon, i-M.-L., i-1947; yakhe, Reversible counterpoint, M., 1960; I-Dmitriev AN, i-Polyphony njengesici sokubunjwa, L., 1962; I-Pustylnik I. Ya., I-counterpoint Movable kanye nokubhala kwamahhala, L., 1967; Jadassohn S., Lehrbuch des einfachen, doppelten, drei- und vierfachen Contrapunkts, Lpz., 1884, id., in his Musikalische Kompositionslehre, Tl. 1, Bd 2, Lpz., 1926; Riemann H., Lehrbuch des einfachen, doppelten und imitierenden Kontrapunkts, Lpz., 1888. 1921; I-Prout, E., I-Double counterpoint kanye ne-canon, L., 1891, 1893.

VP Frayonov