I-RIMSKY - I-KORSAKOV: UMCULO WEZINTO EZINTATHU - ULWANDLE, ISIKHALA KANYE NEZINANEKWANE

     Lalela umculo kaRimsky-Korsakov. Ngeke uqaphele ukuthi uzothuthwa kanjani  ezweni lezinganekwane, umlingo, inganekwane. "Ubusuku Bangaphambi kukaKhisimusi", "I-Golden Cockerel", "I-Snow Maiden"... Lezi kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi ka-Rimsky-Korsakov ethi "Umxoxi Wezindaba Omkhulu" igcwele iphupho lengane lempilo yenganekwane, lobuhle. kanye nobulungisa. Amaqhawe ama-epic, izinganekwane, nezinganekwane zivela embusweni womculo eze emhlabeni wakho wamaphupho. Ngechord ngayinye entsha, imingcele yenganekwane ikhula ibe banzi futhi iba banzi. Futhi, manje, awusekho egumbini lomculo. Izindonga zahlakazeka futhi wena  -  iqhaza empini nge  umthakathi Futhi ukuthi impi yenganekwane nobubi izophela kanjani kuncike kuphela kwisibindi sakho!

     Ukunqoba Okuhle. Umqambi waphupha ngalokhu. Wayefuna wonke umuntu osemhlabeni, bonke abantu, aguquke abe yindalo emsulwa, engenamavithamini ye-COSMOS Enkulu. U-Rimsky-Korsakov wayekholelwa ukuthi uma umuntu efunda "ukubheka  ezinkanyezini,” izwe labantu liyoba ngcono, liphelele, libe nomusa. Waphupha ukuthi ngokushesha noma kamuva i-Harmony yomuntu kanye ne-Cosmos engenamkhawulo izofika, njengoba nje umsindo ovumelanayo wenothi "elincane" ku-symphony enkulu udala umculo omnandi. Umqambi waphupha ukuthi ngeke kube namanothi amanga noma abantu ababi emhlabeni. 

        Esinye isici sizwakala emculweni womculi omkhulu - lezi izingoma ze-OCEAN, izigqi zombuso ongaphansi kwamanzi. Umhlaba wemilingo wePoseidon uzokujabulisa futhi ukwenze uthandeke. Kodwa akuzona izingoma ze-Sirens zenganekwane ezicashile ezizodonsa izindlebe zakho. Uzothakathwa ngomculo omnandi, ohlanzekile wezikhala zasolwandle okhazinyuliswe nguRimsky-Korsakov kuma-operas "Sadko", "The Tale of Tsar Saltan", kanye ne-suite "Scheherazade".

     Isihloko se-Fairy Tales savelaphi emisebenzini ka-Rimsky-Korsakov, kungani ethathekile ngemibono ye-Space and Sea? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi zona kanye lezi zakhi zimiselwe ukuba zibe izinkanyezi eziqondisayo zomsebenzi wakhe? Wafika ngamiphi imigwaqo kuMuse wakhe? Ake sibheke izimpendulo zale mibuzo ebusheni bakhe nasebusheni bakhe.

     U-Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky - Korsakov wazalwa ngo-Mashi 6, 1844. edolobheni elincane laseTikhvinsk, esifundazweni saseNovgorod. Emndenini kaNikolai (igama lakhe kwakunguNiki) babebaningi  izikhulu zezempi zasolwandle ezidumile, kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni ezisezikhundleni eziphezulu.

     Ukhokho kaNicholas, iQhawe Yakovlevich Rimsky - Korsakov (1702-1757), wazinikela enkonzweni yezempi yasolwandle. Ngemva kokuphothula e-Maritime Academy, wagada imingcele yamanzi yaseRussia eBaltic  emanzini aseSt. Waba iphini lika-admiral futhi wahola iqembu le-Kronstadt.

      Umkhulu  U-Niki, uPyotr Voinovich, wakhetha indlela ehlukile yokuphila. Wakhonza umbuso emkhakheni wezakhamuzi: wayengumholi wezikhulu. Kodwa lokhu akukona ukuthi kungani waba umuntu odumile emndenini. Waduma ngesenzo sakhe sokuphelelwa ithemba: wathumba isithandwa sakhe ngaphandle kokuthola imvume kubazali bakhe ngokushada.

       Bathi uNikolai, umqambi omkhulu wesikhathi esizayo, wanikezwa igama lokuhlonipha umalume wakhe, u-Nikolai Petrovich Rimsky - Korsakov (1793-1848).  Wakhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba iphini lika-admiral. Wenza izinkambo zasolwandle eziningana zobuqhawe, kuhlanganise nokubamba iqhaza ekuzuleni umhlaba. Phakathi neMpi ka-1812 walwa ezweni ngokumelene amaFulentshi eduze Smolensk, kanye ensimini Borodino kanye eduze Tarutino. Uthole imiklomelo eminingi yezempi. Ngo-1842 ngenxa yezinkonzo ezweni loyise waqokwa njengomqondisi we-Peter the Great Naval Corps (isikhungo samasosha asolwandle).

       Ubaba womqambi, u-Andrei Petrovich (1778-1862), wafinyelela ukuphakama okukhulu enkonzweni yobukhosi. Waba yiphini-mphathi wesifundazwe saseVolyn. Kodwa-ke, ngesizathu esithile, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi akazange abonise ukuqina okudingekayo ku-freethinkers - abaphikisi bamandla e-tsarist, waxoshwa ngo-1835. kusukela enkonzweni ngempesheni ephansi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye ngaphambi kokuba uNka azalwe. Ubaba wahamba.

      U-Andrei Petrovich akazange abambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekukhuliseni indodana yakhe. Ubungane bukababa noNikolai baphazanyiswa umehluko omkhulu weminyaka. Lapho u-Niki ezalwa, u-Andrei Petrovich wayeseneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala.

     Umama womqambi wesikhathi esizayo, uSofya Vasilievna, wayeyindodakazi yomnikazi wendawo ocebile uSkaryatin.  kanye nowesifazane oyisiwula. Umama wayeyithanda indodana yakhe, kodwa futhi wayenomehluko omkhulu kakhulu weminyaka noNiki - cishe iminyaka engama-40. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakunokushuba okuthile ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwabo. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu, mhlawumbe, kwakungeyona ngisho nezinkinga ezihlobene neminyaka.  Wayecindezelekile  ukuntula imali emndenini. Wayenethemba lokuthi indodana yakhe, mhlawumbe ngokuphambene nentando yayo, yayizokhetha umsebenzi okhokhelwa kahle wokuba isikhulu samasosha asolwandle lapho isikhulile. Futhi waphusha u-Nikolai kulo mgomo, esaba ukuthi uzophambuka endleleni ehlosiwe.

     Ngakho, uNika wayengenabo ontanga emndenini wakhe. Ngisho nomfowabo wayemdala ngeminyaka engu-22 kunoNikolai. Futhi uma sicabangela ukuthi umfowabo wayehlukaniswa ngesimo esiqinile (bametha ngokuthi iQhawe ngokuhlonipha ukhokho wakhe), empeleni babengenakho ukusondelana okukhethekile okungokomoya. Nokho, uNika wayenentshiseko ngomfowabo.  Phela, iQhawe lakhetha umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi nowothando wetilosi lasolwandle!

      Ukuphila phakathi kwabantu abadala, asebekhohlwe isikhathi eside izifiso nemicabango yabo yobuntwana, kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kokusebenziseka nokungokoqobo enganeni, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuphupha emini. Ingabe lokhu akuchazi ukulangazelela komqambi wesikhathi esizayo izindaba zezinganekwane emculweni wakhe? Yena  wazama “ukuphila” ebudaleni leyo mpilo emangalisayo yenganekwane eyacishe yancishwa ebuntwaneni?

     Inhlanganisela engavamile yokusebenziseka nokuphupha insizwa ingabonakala emshweni odumile kaRimsky-Korsakov, ozwakala encwadini yakhe eya kunina: "Bheka izinkanyezi, kodwa ungabheki futhi ungawi." Ekhuluma ngezinkanyezi. U-Nikolai waqala ukuba nesithakazelo ekufundeni izindaba ngezinkanyezi futhi waba nesithakazelo kusayensi yezinkanyezi.

     Ulwandle, “emzabalazweni” walo nezinkanyezi, “alufunanga” ukuyeka indawo yalo. Abantu abadala bakhulisa u-Nikolai osemncane kakhulu njengomphathi wesikhathi esizayo, ukaputeni womkhumbi. Isikhathi esiningi sachithwa ekuqeqesheni umzimba. Wayejwayele i-gymnastics nokunamathela ngokuqinile esimisweni sansuku zonke. Wakhula engumfana onamandla, oqinile. Abadala babefuna ukuthi azimele futhi asebenze kanzima.  Sazama ukuthi singamoshi. Bafundisa ikhono lokulalela nokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo. Mhlawumbe yingakho wayebonakala (ikakhulukazi ngokweminyaka) engumuntu ohoxile, ozigodlile, ongakhulumisani futhi olukhuni.

        Ngenxa yokukhuliswa okunzima kangaka kwe-Spartan, u-Nikolai kancane kancane waba nentando yensimbi, kanye nesimo sengqondo esiqinile futhi esinzima kakhulu kuye.

      Kuthiwani ngomculo? Ngabe isekhona indawo yakhe empilweni kaNika? Kumelwe kuvunywe ukuthi, ngemva kokuqala ukutadisha umculo, u-Rimsky-Korsakov osemncane emaphusheni akhe, wayesamile ebhulohweni likakaputeni wemikhumbi yempi futhi wayala: "Yeka izintambo zokubopha!", "Thatha izixhobo ku-boom topmast, jib futhi uhlale umkhumbi!"

    Futhi nakuba aqala ukudlala upiyano eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, uthando lwakhe lomculo aluzange luvele ngokushesha futhi aluzange lufinyelele konke futhi ludle konke. Indlebe kaNika enhle kakhulu yomculo nenkumbulo enhle kakhulu, ayithole kusenesikhathi, yayidlala ivuna umculo. Unina wayethanda ukucula futhi ezwa kahle, kanti noyise wayefundele ukucula. Umalume kaNikolai, uPavel Petrovich (1789-1832), uNiki ayemazi ezindabeni zezihlobo, wayekwazi ukudlala ngekhanda noma yisiphi isiqeshana somculo ozwakalayo wanoma iyiphi inkimbinkimbi. Wayengawazi amanothi. Kodwa wayenezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu futhi enenkumbulo emangalisayo.

     Kusukela eneminyaka eyishumi nanye, u-Niki waqala ukuqamba imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Nakuba uzozihlomisa ngolwazi olukhethekile lwezemfundo kule ndawo, bese kancane kancane, ngemva kwekota yekhulu leminyaka.

     Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzijwayeza kukaNikolai, abantu abadala noma uNika oneminyaka eyishumi nambili babenokungabaza mayelana nokuthi bazofunda kuphi. Ngo-1856 wabelwa eButhweni Lamasosha Asemanzini (eSt. Petersburg). Isikole sesiqalile. Ekuqaleni konke kwahamba kahle. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, isithakazelo sakhe emculweni sakhula kakhulu ngokumelene nesizinda semfundo eyomile ehlobene nezindaba zemikhumbi efundiswa esikoleni samasosha. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula ekutadisheni, u-Nikolai waya ngokuya evakashela i-Opera House yaseSt. Ngalalela ngesithakazelo esikhulu ama-opera kaRossini, uDonizetti noCarl von Weber (umanduleli kaWagner). Ngajabula ngemisebenzi ka-MI Glinka: “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, “Life for the Tsar” (“Ivan Susanin”). Ngayithanda kakhulu i-opera ethi “Robert the Devil” ka-Giacomo Meyerbeer. Intshisekelo emculweni kaBeethoven noMozart yakhula.

    Indima enkulu esiphethweni sikaRimsky-Korsakov yadlalwa umculi wopiyano waseRussia kanye nothisha Fyodor Andreevich Kanille. Ngo 1859-1862 Nikolai wathatha izifundo kuye. UFyodor Andreevich wazisa kakhulu amakhono ale nsizwa. Wangeluleka ukuba ngiqale ukuhlanganisa umculo. Ngamethula kumqambi onolwazi u-MA Balakirev kanye nabaculi ababeyingxenye yendilinga yomculo ethi "Mighty Handful" ayihlelile.

     Ngo-1861-1862, okungukuthi, eminyakeni emibili edlule yokufunda e-Naval Corps, u-Rimsky-Korsakov, ngeseluleko sikaBalakirev, waqala, naphezu kokuntuleka kolwazi olwanele lomculo, ukubhala i-symphony yakhe yokuqala. Ingabe lokhu kungenzeka ngempela: ngaphandle kokulungiselela kahle futhi ngokushesha uthathe i-symphony? Lesi kwakuyisitayela somsebenzi womdali we "Mighty Handful". U-Balakirev wayekholelwa ukuthi ukusebenza ngocezu, ngisho noma kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kumfundi, kuyasiza ngoba njengoba umculo ubhaliwe, inqubo yokufunda ubuciko bokuqamba iyenzeka. Setha imisebenzi enzima ngokungafanele...

     Indima yomculo emicabangweni nesiphetho sikaRimsky-Korsakov waqala ukubusa phezu kwakho konke okunye. U-Nikolai wenza abangane abanomqondo ofanayo: uMussorgsky, uStasov, uCui.

     Kwase kusondele umnqamulajuqu wokuqeda izifundo zakhe zasolwandle. Unina kaNikolai nomfowabo omdala, ababezibheka njengesibopho somsebenzi kaNikolai, babona uthando lukaNika olwanda lomculo njengosongo emsebenzini kaNika wezempi. Kwaqala ukuphikiswa okuqinile nothando lobuciko.

     Umama, ezama “ukuguqula” indodana yakhe emsebenzini wobusha, wabhalela indodana yakhe: “Umculo uyimpahla yamantombazane angenzi lutho nokuzijabulisa okulula kwendoda ematasa.” Ukhulume ngephimbo lokugcina: “Angifuni uthando lwakho lomculo lube yingozi enkonzweni yakho.” Lesi sikhundla sothandekayo saholela ekudambiseni ubuhlobo bendodana nonina isikhathi eside.

     Izinyathelo ezinzima kakhulu zathathelwa uNika ngumfowabo omdala. Iqhawe layeka ukukhokhela izifundo zomculo ku-FA Canille.  UFyodor Andreevich wancoma ukuthi wacela uNikolai ukuba azofunda naye mahhala.

       Umama nomfowethu omdala, beqondiswa yilokho ababekholelwa ukuthi kuyizinjongo ezinhle, bafinyelela ukufakwa kukaNikolai eqenjini lesikebhe sikaseyili i-Almaz, esasilungiselela ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ohambweni olude olunqamula iBaltic, i-Atlantic Ocean noLwandle LwaseMedithera. Ngakho, ngo-1862 Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu nge honours kusukela Naval Corps, midshipman Rimsky-Korsakov, eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, waqala uhambo lweminyaka emithathu.

      Cishe izinsuku eziyinkulungwane wazithola engasenandaba nomculo nabangane. Ngokushesha waqala ukuzizwa ethwele kanzima kulolu hambo phakathi, njengoba ekubeka, "osayitsheni abakhulu" (esinye sezikhulu eziphansi kakhulu, esabe sesifana nokudelela, ukuzenzela, imfundo ephansi kanye nesiko eliphansi lokuziphatha). Ucabangele lesi sikhathi esilahlekile ngenxa yokudala kanye nemfundo yomculo. Futhi, ngempela, phakathi nenkathi "yolwandle" yokuphila kwakhe, u-Nikolai wakwazi ukuqamba okuncane kakhulu: ukunyakaza kwesibili kuphela (Andante) kwe-First Symphony. Yiqiniso, ukubhukuda ngomqondo othile kwaba nomthelela omubi emfundweni yomculo kaRimsky-Korsakov. Uhlulekile ukuthola ulwazi oluphelele lwakudala endimeni yomculo. Wayekhathazekile ngalokhu. Futhi kuphela lapho ngo-1871, esekhulile kakade, wamenywa ukuba afundise ukwakheka okusebenzayo (hhayi ithiyori), i-instrumentation kanye ne-orchestration e-Conservatory, lapho ekugcineni wathatha umsebenzi wokuqala.  funda. Wacela othisha be-conservatory ukuba bamsize athole ulwazi oludingekayo.

      Uhambo lwezinsuku eziyinkulungwane, naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima nobunzima, ukuhlukaniswa nesici somculo esasiphenduke umdabu wakhe, kwakungakabi yisikhathi. U-Rimsky-Korsakov wakwazi ukuthola (mhlawumbe ngaphandle kokuqaphela ngaleso sikhathi) isipiliyoni esiyigugu, ngaphandle kwalokho umsebenzi wakhe wawungeke ube okhanyayo kangaka.

     Ubusuku obuyinkulungwane obuchithwe ngaphansi kwezinkanyezi, ukubonakaliswa kwe-Space, isiphetho esiphezulu  Izindima zomuntu kulo mhlaba, ukuqonda kwefilosofi, imibono yesilinganiso esikhulu yahlaba inhliziyo yomqambi njengama-meteorite awayo.

     Itimu ye-elementi yolwandle enobuhle bayo obungapheli, iziphepho neziphepho zengeze umbala kuphalethi yomculo emnandi, ethokozisayo ye-Rimsky-Korsakov.  Ngemva kokuvakashela umhlaba we-Space, Fantasy kanye noLwandle, umqambi, njengokungathi ungena emakhazeni amathathu amahle, waguqulwa, wavuselelwa, futhi waqhakaza ukuze aqambe.

    Ngo-1865 u-Nikolai unomphela, wehla ngokungenakushintshwa emkhunjini waya ezweni. Wabuyela emhlabeni womculo hhayi njengomuntu ohlukumezekile, ongacasulwa yizwe lonke, kodwa njengomqambi ogcwele amandla okudala nezinhlelo.

      Futhi wena, abantu abasha, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi "omnyama", i-streak engathandeki empilweni yomuntu, uma uyiphatha ngaphandle kokudabuka ngokweqile noma ukuphelelwa ithemba, ingaba nezinhlamvu zento enhle engase ibe usizo kuwe esikhathini esizayo. Bekezela mngani wami. Ukuzola nokuzola.

     Ngonyaka wokubuya kwakhe ohambweni lwasolwandle, u-Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov waqeda ukubhala i-Symphony yakhe yokuqala. Kwenziwa okokuqala ngo-December 19, 1865. U-Nikolai Andreevich wabheka lolu suku njengesiqalo somsebenzi wakhe wokuqamba. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanye. Umuntu angasho ukuthi umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu ubonakale sekwephuze kakhulu? U-Rimsky-Korsakov wayekholelwa ukuthi ungafunda umculo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi: iminyaka eyisithupha, eyishumi, engamashumi amabili, ngisho nomuntu omdala kakhulu. Cishe uyomangala kakhulu lapho ufunda ukuthi umuntu ohlakaniphile, othanda ukwazi ufunda ukuphila kwakhe konke, aze abe mdala kakhulu.

   Cabanga ukuthi isazi semfundo ephakeme esineminyaka ephakathi sifuna ukwazi enye yezimfihlo eziyinhloko zobuchopho bomuntu: ukuthi inkumbulo igcinwa kanjani kuyo.  Ungabhala kanjani kudiski, futhi, uma kudingekile, "funda" lonke ulwazi olugcinwe ebuchosheni, imizwelo, ikhono lokukhuluma ngisho nokudala? Cabanga ukuthi umngane wakho  onyakeni odlule ngandizela emkhathini ngaya kunkanyezi ephindwe kabili u-Alpha Centauri (enye yezinkanyezi eziseduze kakhulu nathi, etholakala ebangeni leminyaka emine yokukhanya). Cishe akukho ukuxhumana naye, kodwa udinga ukuxhumana naye, uthintane ngokuphuthumayo ngendaba eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu, eyaziwa nguye kuphela. Ukhipha i-disk eyigugu, uxhume kwinkumbulo yomngane wakho futhi ngomzuzwana uthola impendulo! Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokuqopha ulwazi olufihlwe ekhanda lomuntu, isifundiswa kufanele sifunde ngentuthuko yakamuva yesayensi emkhakheni wokuskena kwe-cerebral hypernano yamangqamuzana obuchopho akhethekile abhekele ukongiwa nokugcinwa kwama-impulses avela ngaphandle. Ngakho, kudingeka sifunde futhi.

    Isidingo sokuthola ulwazi olusha ngokwengeziwe, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, saqondwa nguRimsky-Korsakov, futhi abanye abantu abaningi abakhulu bayayiqonda. Umdwebi odumile waseSpain uFrancisco Goya wabhala umdwebo ngalesi sihloko futhi wawubiza ngokuthi “Ngisafunda.”

     U-Nikolai Andreevich waqhubeka namasiko e-symphony yohlelo lwaseYurophu emsebenzini wakhe. Kulokhu wathonywa kakhulu uFranz Liszt noHector Berlioz.  Futhi-ke, i-MI ishiye uphawu olujulile emisebenzini yakhe. Glinka.

     URimsky-Korsakov wabhala ama-opera ayishumi nanhlanu. Ngaphezu kwalabo okukhulunywe ngabo endabeni yethu, lezi "I-Pskov Woman", "May Night", "I-Tsar's Bride", "Kashchei the Immortal", "The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia" nabanye. . Zibonakala ngokuqukethwe okukhanyayo, okujulile kanye nomlingiswa kazwelonke.

     U-Nikolai Andreevich uqambe imisebenzi ye-symphonic eyisishiyagalombili, kuhlanganise nama-symphonies amathathu, "Overture on themes of Three Russian Songs", "Spanish Capriccio", "Bright Holiday". Umculo wakhe uyamangaza ngomculo wawo, imfundo, amaqiniso futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ubuciko kanye nemilingo. Wasungula isikali esilinganayo, okuthiwa "i-Rimsky-Korsakov Gamma," ayesisebenzisa ukuchaza umhlaba wefantasy.

      Eziningi zothando lwakhe zathola ukuthandwa okukhulu: "Emagqumeni aseGeorgia", "Kuyini Egameni Lakho", "I-Quiet Blue Sea", "Southern Night", "Izinsuku Zami Zidonsa Kancane". Sekukonke, uqambe ezothando ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha.

      U-Rimsky-Korsakov wabhala izincwadi ezintathu ngomlando kanye nethiyori yomculo. Kusukela ngo-1874 waqala ukuqhuba.

    Ukuqashelwa kweqiniso njengomqambi akuzange kufike kuye ngokushesha futhi hhayi wonke umuntu. Abanye, ngenkathi behlonipha iculo lakhe eliyingqayizivele, baphikisa ngokuthi wayengenalo idrama ye-operaturgy ngokugcwele.

     Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-90 yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, isimo sashintsha. U-Nikolai Andreevich wazuza ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke ngomsebenzi wakhe we-titanic. Yena ngokwakhe wathi: “Ungangibizi ngomkhulu. Vele umbize ngoRimsky-Korsakov.