I-RACHMANINOV: UKUNQOBA OKUTHATHU PHEZU KWAKHO

     Cishe abaningi bethu baye benza amaphutha. Izazi zasendulo zathi: “Ukuphambuka kungumuntu.” Ngeshwa, zikhona futhi izinqumo ezingalungile noma izenzo ezingalimaza impilo yethu yonke yesikhathi esizayo. Thina ngokwethu sikhetha ukuthi iyiphi indlela okufanele siyilandele: enzima esiholela ephusheni eliyigugu, umgomo omangalisayo, noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, sikhetha okuhle nokulula.  indlela evame ukuvela ingamanga,  Iyaphela indlela.

     Omunye umfana onekhono kakhulu, umakhelwane wami, akamukelwanga eqenjini lokumodela izindiza ngenxa yobuvila bakhe. Esikhundleni sokunqoba lokhu kungalungile, wakhetha isigaba samabhayisikili, esasimnandi kuzo zonke izici, waze waba ngumpetha. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, kwavela ukuthi unamakhono amangalisayo ezibalo, futhi izindiza ziyibizo lakhe. Umuntu angazisola kuphela ngokuthi ithalenta lakhe lalingekho isidingo. Mhlawumbe izinhlobo ezintsha zezindiza zizondiza esibhakabhakeni manje? Nokho, ubuvila behlula ithalente.

     Esinye isibonelo. Intombazane, engangifunda naye ekilasini, ene-IQ yomuntu onethalente elidlulele, ngenxa yobuhlakani bakhe nokuzimisela, yaba nendlela emangalisayo yekusasa. Umkhulu wakhe noyise babengamanxusa omsebenzi. Iminyango yoMnyango Wezangaphandle kanye, ngaphezu kwalokho, yoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha WeZizwe Ezihlangene yayivulekele kuye. Mhlawumbe bekungaba neqhaza elikhulu ohlelweni lokunciphisa ukuphepha kwamazwe ngamazwe futhi ngabe kungene emlandweni wobuchwephesha bomhlaba. Kodwa le ntombazane ayikwazanga ukunqoba ubugovu bayo, ayizange ithuthukise ikhono lokuthola isisombululo sokuyekethisa, futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-diplomacy ayinakwenzeka. Umhlaba ulahlekelwe umenzi wokuthula onethalente, ofundile.

     Umculo uhlangene ngani nawo? – uyabuza. Futhi, mhlawumbe, ngemva kokucabanga kancane, uzothola impendulo efanele ngokwakho: Abaculi abakhulu bakhule kusukela kubafana namantombazane amancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nabo ngezinye izikhathi benza amaphutha. Kukhona okunye okubalulekile. Kubonakala sengathi bafunde ukunqoba imigoqo yamaphutha, ukubhodloza udonga olwakhiwe ngezitini zobuvila, ukungalaleli, intukuthelo, ukuzidla, amanga nonya.

     Abaculi abaningi abadumile bangaba isibonelo kithi bantu abasha sokulungisa amaphutha ethu ngesikhathi kanye nekhono lokungawaphindi. Mhlawumbe isibonelo esimangalisayo salokhu ukuphila komuntu ohlakaniphile, onamandla, umculi onekhono uSergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov. Wakwazi ukufeza izici ezintathu ekuphileni kwakhe, ukunqoba kwakhe kathathu, phezu kwamaphutha akhe: ebuntwaneni, ebusheni futhi kakade esekhulile. Wonke amakhanda amathathu kadrako anqotshwa nguye...  Manje konke sekumi ngomumo.

     USergei wazalwa ngo-1873. edolobhaneni laseSemenovo, esifundazweni saseNovgorod, emndenini ohloniphekile. Umlando womndeni wakwaRachmaninov awukakafundwa ngokugcwele; kusele izimfihlakalo eziningi kuwo. Ngemva kokuxazulula enye yazo, uzokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani, ekubeni umculi ophumelele kakhulu futhi enomlingisi oqinile, nokho wayezingabaza impilo yakhe yonke. Ebangane bakhe abakhulu kuphela avuma: “Angizikholelwa mina ngokwami.”

      Inganekwane yomndeni wakwaRachmaninov ithi eminyakeni engamakhulu amahlanu edlule, inzalo yombusi waseMoldavia uStephen III Omkhulu (1429-1504), u-Ivan Vechin, weza ezokhonza eMoscow evela esifundeni saseMoldavia. Lapho indodana yakhe ibhapathizwa, u-Ivan wayiqamba ngokuthi uVasily. Futhi njengegama lesibili, lezwe, bakhetha igama elithi Rakhmanin.  Leli gama, elivela emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi, lisho: “ukuthobeka, ukuthula, isihe.” Ngokushesha ngemva kokufika eMoscow, “isithunywa” sesifunda saseMoldova ngokusobala salahlekelwa ithonya nokubaluleka emehlweni eRussia, njengoba iMoldova yahlala amakhulu eminyaka incike eTurkey.

     Umlando womculo womndeni wakwaRachmaninov, mhlawumbe, uqala ngo-Arkady Alexandrovich, owayengumkhulu kayise kaSergei. Wafunda ukudlala upiyano kumculi wase-Ireland uJohn Field, owafika eRussia. U-Arkady Alexandrovich wayebhekwa njengomdlali wopiyano onekhono. Ngambona kaningana umzukulu wami. Wayevuma izifundo zomculo zikaSergei.

     Ubaba kaSergei, uVasily Arkadyevich (1841-1916), naye wayengumculi onesiphiwo. Angenzanga okuningi ngendodana yami. Ebusheni bakhe wakhonza ebutho le-hussar. Bengithanda ukuzijabulisa. Wayephila impilo yobudlabha, ewubala.

     Umama, uLyubov Petrovna (nee Butakova), wayeyindodakazi yomqondisi we-Arakcheevsky Cadet Corps, uGeneral PI Butakova. Waqala ukudlala umculo nendodana yakhe uSeryozha lapho ineminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ngokushesha nje waqashelwa njengomfana onesiphiwo somculo.

      Ngo-1880, lapho uSergei eneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, uyise walahlekelwa. Umndeni wawusele ungenayo indlela yokuziphilisa. Ifa lomndeni kwadingeka lidayiswe. Indodana yathunyelwa eSt. Petersburg ukuze iyohlala nezihlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali base behlukene. Isizathu sesehlukaniso kwaba ubuwula bukababa. Kufanele sivume ngokuzisola ukuthi empeleni lo mfana wayengenawo umndeni oqinile.

     Kuleyo minyaka  U-Sergei wachazwa njengomfana omncane, omude onezici zobuso ezinkulu, ezivezayo nezingalo ezinkulu, ezinde. Yile ndlela ahlangana ngayo novivinyo lwakhe lokuqala olunzima.

      Ngo-1882, eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, uSeryozha wabelwa emnyangweni omncane we-Conservatory yaseSt. Ngeshwa, ukuntuleka kokuqondisa okungathi sína kubantu abadala, ukuzimela kwasekuqaleni, konke lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi wayefunda kabi futhi evame ukuphuthelwa amakilasi. Ezivivinyweni zokugcina ngithole amamaki amabi ezifundweni eziningi. Waphucwa umfundaze wakhe. Wayevame ukusebenzisa imali yakhe encane (wanikezwa i-dime yokudla), eyayikwanele isinkwa netiye, ngezinye izinjongo ngokuphelele, isibonelo, ukuthenga ithikithi lokuya e-skating rink.

      Udrako kaSerezha wakhulisa ikhanda lakhe lokuqala.

      Abantu abadala bazama ngakho konke okusemandleni ukushintsha isimo. Bamdlulisela ngo-1885 eMoscow ngonyaka wesithathu womnyango omncane waseMoscow  i-conservatory. USergei wabelwa ekilasini likaProfesa NS Zvereva. Kwavunyelwana ngokuthi umfana uzohlala nomndeni kaprofesa, kodwa ngemva konyaka, lapho uRachmaninov eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, wathuthela ezihlotsheni zakhe, amaSatin. Iqiniso liwukuthi uZverev waba ngumuntu ononya kakhulu, ongenangqondo, futhi lokhu kwenza ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo bube nzima.

     Ukulindela ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokufunda kwakuzohlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwesimo sengqondo sikaSergei ngezifundo zakhe kwakuyoba okungalungile ngokuphelele uma yena ngokwakhe engafuni ukushintsha. KwakunguSergei ngokwakhe owadlala indima enkulu eqinisweni lokuthi kusukela kumuntu ovilaphayo kanye nobubi  ngenani lemizamo emikhulu, waphenduka waba umuntu osebenza kanzima nonesiyalo. Ubani owayengacabanga ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi u-Rachmaninov wayezoba nzima kakhulu futhi eqinile kuye. Manje uyazi ukuthi impumelelo ekusebenzeni ngokwakho ingase ingezi ngokushesha. Kufanele sikulwele lokhu.

       Abaningi ababazi uSergei ngaphambi kokudluliselwa kwakhe  Petersburg futhi ngemva kwalokho, bamangala ngezinye izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwakhe. Wafunda ukuthi angalokothi aphuze. Wawuhlela ngokucacile umsebenzi wakhe futhi wakwenza ngokuqinile lokho ayekuhlelile. Ukunethezeka nokwaneliseka kwakungajwayelekile kuye. Kunalokho, wayegxile ekufinyeleleni ukuphelela kukho konke. Wayeneqiniso futhi engabuthandi ubuzenzisi.

      Umsebenzi omkhulu kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngaphandle u-Rachmaninov wanikeza umbono womuntu onamandla, obalulekile, ovinjiwe. Akhulume athule, ngomoya ophansi, kancane. Wayecophelele kakhulu.

      Ngaphakathi kwe-strong-willed, i-superman encane ehlekisayo yayihlala uSeryozha wangaphambili  ubuntwana obukude obungahlalisekile. Abangane bakhe abakhulu kuphela ababemazi kanje. Ububili obunjalo kanye nemvelo ephikisanayo ye-Rachmaninov yayiyizinto eziqhumayo ezingavutha ngaphakathi kuye nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngempela eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngemva kokuphothula indondo enkulu yegolide eMoscow Conservatory futhi wathola idiploma njengomqambi nomshayi wopiyano. Kumele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi izifundo eziphumelelayo zikaRachmaninov kanye nemisebenzi eyalandela emkhakheni womculo kwaqhutshwa idatha yakhe enhle kakhulu: iphimbo eliphelele, elicashile kakhulu, elicwengiwe, eliyinkimbinkimbi.

    Phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokufunda e-conservatory, wabhala izincwadi eziningana, enye yazo ethi, "Prelude in C sharp minor," ingenye edume kakhulu. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, uSergei waqamba i-opera yakhe yokuqala ethi "Aleko" (umsebenzi we-thesis) esekelwe emsebenzini we-AS Pushkin "Gypsies". U-PI wayeyithanda ngempela i-opera. Tchaikovsky.

     U-Sergei Vasilievich wakwazi ukuba omunye wabadlali bopiyano abahamba phambili emhlabeni, umculi ohlakaniphile futhi onekhono eliyingqayizivele. Ububanzi, isikali, uphalethi lwemibala, izindlela zokufaka imibala, nemibala yekhono lika-Rachmaninov lokusebenza kwakungenamkhawulo ngempela. Uthakazelise ochwepheshe bomculo wepiyano ngekhono lakhe lokuthola ukuvezwa okuphezulu kakhulu kuma-nuances acashile womculo. Inzuzo yakhe enkulu kwakuwukuchaza kwakhe okuyingqayizivele komsebenzi owenziwayo, okungaba nethonya elinamandla emizweni yabantu. Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi le ndoda ekhaliphile kanye  uthole amamaki amabi ezifundweni zomculo.

      Ngisesebusheni bami  wabonisa amakhono amahle kakhulu ekuqhubeni. Isitayela sakhe nendlela asebenza ngayo ne-orchestra yathakatha futhi yathakatha abantu. Kakade eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nane wamenywa ukuba aqhube eMoscow Private Opera ka Savva Morozov.

     Ubani owayengacabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ophumelelayo wawuzophazanyiswa iminyaka emine yonke nokuthi uRachmaninov wayezolahlekelwa ngokuphelele amandla okuqamba umculo ngalesi sikhathi...  Ikhanda elibi likadrako lamphinda futhi.

     Mashi 15, 1897 umbukiso wokuqala eSt  i-symphony (umqhubi we-AK Glazunov). USergei wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nane ngaleso sikhathi. Bathi ukusebenza kwe-symphony bekungenamandla ngokwanele. Nokho, kubonakala sengathi isizathu sokwehluleka kwakuwukusungulwa “okudlulele”, isimo sesimanje somsebenzi ngokwawo. U-Rachmaninov wanqotshwa umkhuba owawukhona ngaleso sikhathi wokusuka emculweni wakudala wendabuko, efuna, ngezinye izikhathi nganoma iyiphi imali, ukuthola izitayela ezintsha zobuciko. Ngaleso sikhathi esinzima kuye, waphelelwa ukholo kuye njengomshisekeli wezinguquko.

     Imiphumela ye-premiere engaphumelelanga yayinzima kakhulu. Iminyaka eminingana wayecindezelekile futhi esengozini yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa. Umhlaba kungenzeka ungazi nangomculi onethalente.

     Kuphela ngomzamo omkhulu wentando, kanye neseluleko sochwepheshe abanolwazi, u-Rachmaninov wakwazi ukunqoba le nkinga. Ukunqoba phezu kwakho kwaphawulwa ngokubhala ngo-1901. Ikhonsathi yesibili yepiyano. Imiphumela edabukisayo yelinye igalelo lokudalelwa yanqotshwa.

      Ukuqala kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwaphawulwa ukwanda okuphezulu kokudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, uSergei Vasilyevich wadala imisebenzi eminingi ehlakaniphile: i-opera "Francesca da Rimini", i-Piano Concerto No.  Inkondlo ye-Symphonic "Isiqhingi Sabafileyo", inkondlo ethi "Izinsimbi".

    Isivivinyo sesithathu sawela kuRachmaninov ngemva kokuhamba kwakhe nomndeni wakhe eRussia ngokushesha ngemva kokuvukela umbuso ngo-1917. Mhlawumbe umzabalazo phakathi kukahulumeni omusha nezicukuthwane ezindala, abameleli besigaba esasibusa ngaphambili, waba nendima ebalulekile ekwenzeni isinqumo esinzima kangaka. Iqiniso liwukuthi umka-Sergei Vasilyevich wayevela emndenini wasendulo wasebukhosini, ovela kuRurikovich, owanikeza iRussia yonke i-galaxy yabantu basebukhosini. U-Rachmaninov wayefuna ukuvikela umkhaya wakhe ezinkingeni.

     Ikhefu nabangane, indawo entsha engajwayelekile, nokulangazelela i-Motherland kwamcindezela u-Rachmaninoff. Ukujwayela ukuphila kwamanye amazwe kwakuhamba kancane. Ukungaqiniseki nokukhathazeka ngesiphetho esizayo saseRussia kanye nesiphetho somndeni wabo kwakhula. Ngenxa yalokho, imizwa yokungabi nathemba yaholela enkingeni ende yokudala. Inyoka uGorynych yajabula!

      Cishe iminyaka eyishumi uSergei Vasilyevich akakwazanga ukuqamba umculo. Awukho nowodwa umsebenzi omkhulu owadalwa. Wenza imali (futhi ngempumelelo kakhulu) ngamakhonsathi. 

     Njengomuntu omdala, kwakunzima ukulwa nami. Amandla amabi aphinda amnqoba. Ngokwesikweletu sikaRachmaninov, wakwazi ukusinda ebunzimeni okwesithathu futhi wanqoba imiphumela yokushiya eRussia. Futhi ekugcineni akusho lutho noma kube nesinqumo sokufuduka  iphutha noma isiphetho. Okubalulekile ukuthi uphinde wawina!

       Ibuyiselwe ekudaleni. Futhi nakuba abhala imisebenzi eyisithupha kuphela, yonke yayiyindalo emikhulu yezinga lomhlaba. Lena i-Concerto for Piano and Orchestra No. 4, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini for Piano and Orchestra, Symphony No.

      Mhlawumbe,  ukunqoba phezu kwakho kungabangelwa hhayi kuphela ukuzithiba kwangaphakathi kukaRachmaninov kanye namandla akhe. Yebo, umculo wamsiza. Mhlawumbe nguye owamsindisa ezikhathini zokuphelelwa ithemba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usikhumbula kanjani isiqephu esibuhlungu esabonwa nguMarietta Shaginyan esenzeka emkhunjini ocwilayo i-Titanic ne-orchestra eyayizokufa okuthile. Kancane kancane umkhumbi wacwila emanzini. Abesifazane nezingane kuphela ababengabaleka. Wonke umuntu wayengenaso isikhala esanele ezikebheni noma emajakhethini okuphila. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi esibi umculo waqala ukuzwakala! KwakunguBeethoven… I-orchestra yathula kuphela lapho umkhumbi unyamalala ngaphansi kwamanzi… Umculo wasiza ukusinda kule nhlekelele…

        Umculo unikeza ithemba, uhlanganisa abantu ngemizwa, imicabango, izenzo. Kuholela empini. Umculo ususa umuntu ezweni elidabukisayo elingaphelele umyise ezweni lamaphupho nenjabulo.

          Mhlawumbe, umculo kuphela owasindisa u-Rachmaninov emicabangweni engenathemba eyamvakashela eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe: "Angiphili, angizange ngiphile, ngithemba kuze kube yilapho ngineminyaka engamashumi amane, kodwa emva kwamashumi amane ngiyakhumbula ..."

          Muva nje ubecabanga ngeRussia. Wabonisana ngokubuyela ezweni lakubo. Lapho iMpi Yezwe II iqala, wanikela ngemali yakhe ezidingweni zangaphambili, kuhlanganise nokwakhiwa kwendiza yezempi ye-Red Army. U-Rachmaninov wasondeza i-Victory ngokusemandleni akhe.