PI Tchaikovsky: ngokusebenzisa ameva ezinkanyezini

    Esikhathini eside esidlule, emingceleni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia, emathafeni ase-Ukraine, kwakuhlala umuntu othanda inkululeko. Umndeni wakwaCossack onesibongo esihle uChaika. Umlando walo mndeni uhlehlela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka, lapho izizwe zamaSlavic zakha izindawo ezivundile ze-steppe futhi zingakahlukaniswa zibe amaRussia, ama-Ukrainian namaBelarusian ngemuva kokuhlasela kwamabutho aseMongol-Tatar.

    Umndeni wakwaTchaikovsky wawuthanda ukukhumbula impilo yobuqhawe kakhokho wabo uFyodor Afanasyevich. UChaika (1695-1767), owathi, enesikhundla sekhulu, wabamba iqhaza ekunqotshweni kwabaseSweden ngamasosha aseRussia eduze kwasePoltava (1709). Kuleyo mpi, uFyodor Afanasevich walimala kabi.

Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, umbuso waseRussia waqala ukwabela umndeni ngamunye isibongo esihlala njalo esikhundleni seziteketiso (amagama okungewona awokubhabhadiswa). Umkhulu womqambi wakhetha isibongo sikaTchaikovsky emndenini wakhe. Lezi zinhlobo zezibongo ezigcina "esibhakabhakeni" zazibhekwa njengezihloniphekile, njengoba zanikezwa imindeni yesigaba esihloniphekile. Futhi isihloko sezikhulu sanikezwa umkhulu ngenxa “yenkonzo yokwethembeka eZweni Lobaba.” Phakathi nempi yaseRussia-Turkish, wenza umsebenzi wobuntu kakhulu: wayengudokotela wezempi. Ubaba kaPyotr Ilyich, u-Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky (1795-1854), wayengunjiniyela wezimayini odumile.

     Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kusukela kudala eFrance kwakuhlala umndeni obizwa ngesibongo u-Assier. Ubani osemhlabeni Khona-ke amaFrank ayengase acabange ukuthi emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva endaweni ebandayo, ekude eMuscovy inzalo yabo yayiyoba inkanyezi edume umhlaba wonke, izokhazimulisa umndeni wakwaTchaikovsky no-Assier amakhulu eminyaka.

     Umama wekusasa lomqambi omkhulu, u-Alexandra Andreevna Tchaikovsky, igama lentombazane wazala isibongo esithi Assier (1813-1854), wayevame ukuxoxela indodana yakhe ngomkhulu wakhe uMichel-Victor Assier, owayengumqophi odumile waseFrance, nangoyise, owafika eRussia ngo-1800 futhi wahlala lapha (wafundisa isiFulentshi futhi IsiJalimane).

Ikusasa lahlanganisa le mindeni yomibili. Futhi ngo-April 25, 1840 e-Urals edolobhaneni elincane ngaleso sikhathi UPeter wazalelwa embonini yaseKama-Votkinsk. Manje leli yidolobha laseVotkinsk, e-Udmurtia.

     Abazali bami babewuthanda umculo. Umama wadlala upiyano. Sang. Ubaba wayethanda ukudlala umtshingo. Ubusuku bomculo wezimfundamakhwela babuqhutshelwa ekhaya. Umculo usheshe wangena emqondweni womfana, wamthatha. Umbono oqinile kuPeter omncane (igama lomndeni wakhe kwakunguPetrusha, Pierre) wenziwa i-orchestra eyathengwa nguyise, i-organ engumshini efakwe ama-shafts, ukujikeleza kwayo okukhiqiza umculo. I-aria kaZerlina evela ku-opera kaMozart ethi “Don Giovanni” yenziwa, kanye nama-arias avela kuma-opera kaDonizetti noRossini. Lapho eneminyaka emihlanu, uPeter wasebenzisa izingqikithi zale misebenzi yomculo emaphusheni akhe ophiyano.

     Kusukela esemncane, umfana wasala enomuzwa ongacimeki wokuhlala edabukile amashuni esintu ayezwakala ngezikhathi zakusihlwa ezithule zasehlobo endaweni ezungezile Isitshalo saseVotkinsk.

     Wabe esethanda ukuhamba nodadewabo nabafowabo, ephelezelwa umbusi wakhe othandekayo Owesifazane ongumFulentshi uFanny Durbach. Sasivame ukuya edwaleni elihle elinegama elihle elithi “Ikhehla Nesalukazi.” Kube nokunanela okungaqondakali lapho… Sahamba ngesikebhe eMfuleni iNatva. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuhamba kwadala umkhuba wokuhamba amahora amaningi nsuku zonke, noma nini lapho kungenzeka, kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, ngisho nasemvuleni nasesithwathwaneni. Ehamba emvelweni, umqambi osekhulile kakade, nodumile emhlabeni wonke wadonsa ugqozi, umculo ohlanganiswe ngokomqondo, futhi wathola ukuthula ezinkingeni ezazimhlupha impilo yakhe yonke.

      Ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhono lokuqonda imvelo kanye nekhono lokudala kudala kwaphawulwa. Isazi sefilosofi esidumile esingumRoma uSeneca, owaphila eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, wathi: “U-Omnis ars. i-naturae imitatio est” - "bonke ubuciko buwukulingisa imvelo." Umbono ozwelayo wemvelo kanye nokuzindla okucolisisiwe kancane kancane kwakha ku-Tchaikovsky ikhono lokubona lokho obekungafinyeleli kwabanye. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, njengoba sazi, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ngokugcwele lokho okubonwayo futhi kubonakale emculweni. Ngenxa yokuzwela kwengane okukhethekile, ukuthatheka, nokuba buthaka kwemvelo yayo, uthisha wabiza uPeter ngokuthi “umfana wengilazi.” Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yenjabulo noma ukudabuka, wayeba sesimweni esikhethekile sokuphakanyiswa aze aqale nokukhala. Wake watshela umfowabo: “Kukhona umzuzu, ihora elidlule, lapho, phakathi nensimu kakolweni eseduze nensimu, ngagajwa injabulo kangangokuthi ngaguqa ngamadolo ngabonga uNkulunkulu ngakho konke. ukujula kwenjabulo engayithola.” Futhi eminyakeni yakhe evuthiwe, kwakuvame ukuba nezimo ezifanayo nalokho okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwe-Sixth Symphony, lapho, ngenkathi ehamba, eyakha ngokwengqondo, edweba izingcezu zomculo ezibalulekile, izinyembezi zagcwala emehlweni akhe.

     Ilungiselela ukubhala i-opera ethi “The Maid of Orleans” mayelana nesiphetho esinobuqhawe nesimangalisayo

U-Joan of Arc, ngenkathi efunda izincwadi zomlando ngaye, umqambi wavuma ukuthi “… ngaba nogqozi olukhulu… Ngahlupheka futhi ngahlushwa izinsuku ezintathu ezigcwele kangangokuthi kwakunokwaziswa okuningi, kodwa amandla omuntu kanye nesikhathi esincane! Ukufunda incwadi ekhuluma ngo-Joan wase-Arc nokufinyelela inqubo yokuphika (ukuphika) kanye nokubulawa ngokwakho… Ngakhala kakhulu. Ngavele ngazizwa ngibuhlungu kakhulu, kwaba buhlungu kuso sonke isintu, futhi ngafikelwa ukudangala okungenakuchazeka!”

     Lapho kuxoxwa ngezimfuneko zobuhlakani, umuntu akanakukwazi kodwa ukuphawula isici sikaPetru esinjengobudlova imicabango. Wayenemibono kanye nemizwa okungekho muntu owayeyizwa ngaphandle kwakhe. Imisindo ecatshangwayo yomculo yawunqoba kalula wonke umuntu wakhe, yamthatha ngokuphelele, yangena emqondweni wakhe futhi ayizange imshiye isikhathi eside. Ngesinye isikhathi esemncane, ngemva komkhosi wakusihlwa (mhlawumbe lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokulalela iculo le-opera likaMozart elithi “Don Giovanni”), wayegcwele le misindo kangangokuthi wajabula kakhulu futhi wakhala isikhathi eside ebusuku, ebabaza: “ O, lo mculo, lo mculo!” Lapho, bezama ukumduduza, bemchazela ukuthi isitho somzimba sasithule futhi “sesinesikhathi eside silele,” uPetru waqhubeka ekhala futhi, ebambe ikhanda, ephindaphinda: “Nginomculo lapha, lapha. Akanginiki ukuthula!”

     Ebuntwaneni, umuntu wayevame ukubona isithombe esinjalo. UPetya omncane, uncishiwe ithuba lokudlala upiyano, ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi angase ajabule kakhulu, wacofa iminwe yakhe etafuleni noma ezinye izinto ezifika esandleni sakhe.

      Unina wamfundisa izifundo zakhe zokuqala zomculo lapho eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Wamfundisa umculo ukufunda nokubhala Lapho ngineminyaka eyisithupha waqala ukudlala upiyano ngokuzethemba, nakuba, yebo, ekhaya wafundiswa ukudlala hhayi ngempela professional, kodwa "ngokwakhe," ukumane ihambisane imidanso nezingoma. Kusukela eneminyaka emihlanu, uPeter wayethanda “ukuphupha” ngopiyano, okuhlanganisa nezindikimba zomculo ezizwakala esithweni esisebenza ekhaya. Kuye kwabonakala sengathi waqala ukuqamba ngokushesha nje lapho efunda ukudlala.

     Ngenhlanhla, ukukhula kukaPeter njengomculi akuzange kuvinjwe ukungabukelwa phansi okuthile ngaye. amakhono omculo, okwenzeka ebuntwaneni nasebusheni. Abazali, naphezu kokulangazelela okusobala kwengane ngomculo, abazange baqaphele (uma umuntu ongeyena ekwazi ukwenza kanjalo) ukujula okuphelele kwethalenta lakhe futhi, empeleni, akazange abambe iqhaza emsebenzini wakhe womculo.

     Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uPetru wayezungezwe uthando nokunakekelwa emndenini wakhe. Uyise wayembiza ngentandokazi yakhe iparele lomndeni. Futhi-ke, ekubeni sendaweni ye-greenhouse yasekhaya, wayengayijwayele iqiniso elibuhlungu, "iqiniso lempilo" elalibusa ngaphandle kwezindonga zendlu yami. Ukunganaki, ukukhohlisa, ukukhaphela, ubuxhwanguxhwangu, ukululazeka nokunye okuningi kwakungajwayelekile “kwingilazi umfana.” Futhi kungazelelwe konke kwashintsha. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi, abazali bomfana bamthumela isikole okuhlalwa kuso, lapho aphoqeleka khona ukuba achithe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngaphandle kukamama wakhe amthandayo, ngaphandle komndeni wakhe… Ngokusobala, lesi simo esinjalo saba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni ecwengiwe yengane. O, mama, mama!

     Ngo-1850 ngokushesha ngemva kwesikole okuhlalwa kuso, uPeter, ngokuphikelela kukayise, wangena eSikoleni Sombuso. umthetho. Iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye wafunda khona umthetho wezomthetho (isayensi yemithetho enquma ukuthi yini engenziwa nokuthi yiziphi izenzo ezizojeziswa). Uthole imfundo yezomthetho. Ngo-1859 ngemva kokuphothula ekolishi, waqala ukusebenza eMnyangweni Wezobulungisa. Abaningi bangase badideke, kodwa kuthiwani ngomculo? Yebo, futhi ngokuvamile, sikhuluma ngomsebenzi wasehhovisi noma umculi omkhulu? Siyashesha ukukuqinisekisa. Iminyaka ayihlala esikoleni ayibanga yize le nsizwa yomculo. Iqiniso wukuthi lesi sikhungo semfundo besinekilasi lomculo. Ukuqeqeshwa lapho kwakungeyona impoqo, kodwa ngokuzithandela. UPetru wazama ukulisebenzisa ngokugcwele leli thuba.

    Kusukela ngo-1852, uPetru waqala ukufunda umculo sina. Ekuqaleni wathatha izifundo kumNtaliyane I-Piccioli. Kusukela ngo-1855 wafunda nomdlali wopiyano uRudolf Kündinger. Ngaphambi kwakhe, othisha bomculo abazange babone ithalenta kuTchaikovsky omncane. Kungenzeka ukuthi u-Kündinger waba ngowokuqala ukuqaphela amakhono avelele omfundi: “… Ukuzwa kahle okumangalisayo, inkumbulo, isandla esihle kakhulu.” Kodwa wahlatshwa umxhwele ngokukhethekile ikhono lakhe lokuthuthuka. Uthisha wamangala ngokuzwana kukaPetru okuvumelanayo. UKündinger waphawula ukuthi lo mfundi, engayazi imfundiso yomculo, “izikhathi eziningi wayenginikeza iseluleko ngokuvumelana, okuyinto evame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi.”

     Ngaphezu kokufunda ukudlala upiyano, le nsizwa yahlanganyela ekwayeni yesonto yesikole. Ngo-1854 waqamba i-opera yamahlaya ethi "Hyperbole".

     Ngo-1859 waphothula ekolishi futhi waqala ukusebenza eMnyangweni Wezobulungiswa. Abantu abaningi bayakukholelwa lokho imizamo eyachithwa ekutholeni ulwazi olungahlangene nomculo kwaba ngokuphelele ize. Cishe singavumelana nalokhu nge-caveat eyodwa kuphela: imfundo yezomthetho ibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwemibono kaTchaikovsky enengqondo ngezinqubo zenhlalo ezenzeka eRussia ngaleyo minyaka. Kunombono phakathi kochwepheshe ukuthi umqambi, umdwebi, imbongi, ngokuzithandela noma engafuni, ubonisa emisebenzini yakhe inkathi yesimanje enezici ezikhethekile, eziyingqayizivele. Futhi lapho ulwazi lomdwebi lujula, kuyanda ama-horizons akhe, umbono wakhe womhlaba ucaca futhi ungokoqobo.

     Umthetho noma umculo, umsebenzi emndenini noma amaphupho asebuntwaneni? Tchaikovsky encwadini yakhe Ngema empambanweni yemigwaqo iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ukuya kwesokunxele kusho ukuceba. Uma uya kwesokudla, uzothatha igxathu eliya ekuphileni okukhangayo kodwa okungalindelekile emculweni. UPeter waqaphela ukuthi ngokukhetha umculo, uzophambana nentando kayise nomndeni wakhe. Umalume wakhe wakhuluma ngesinqumo somshana wakhe: “O, Petya, Petya, yeka ihlazo! Ukuhwebelana kwezomthetho ngepayipi!" Mina nawe, uma sibheka ekhulwini lethu lama-21, siyazi ukuthi ubaba, u-Ilya Petrovich, uzokwenza ngokuhlakanipha. Akayikuhlambalaza indodana yakhe ngokukhetha kwakhe; kunalokho, uzosekela uPetru.

     Encike emculweni, umqambi wakusasa udwebe eyakhe ngokucophelela esizayo. Encwadini ayibhalela umfowabo, wabikezela: “Ngingase ngingakwazi ukuqhathanisa noGlinka, kodwa uzobona ukuthi uzoziqhenya ngokuhlobene nami." Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa nje, omunye kakhulu Abagxeki bomculo abadumile baseRussia bazobiza uTchaikovsky "ithalente elikhulu kunawo wonke Russia ".

      Ngamunye wethu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufanele enze ukukhetha. Thina, kunjalo, asikhulumi ngokulula izinqumo zansuku zonke: yidla ushokoledi noma ama-chips. Sikhuluma ngesinqumo sakho sokuqala, kodwa mhlawumbe esibucayi kakhulu, esinganquma kusengaphambili sonke isiphetho sakho sekusasa: “Yini okufanele uyenze kuqala, ubukele opopayi noma wenze umsebenzi wakho wesikole?” Cishe uyaqonda ukuthi ukuzimisela okufanele kwezinto eziza kuqala ekukhetheni umgomo, ikhono lokusebenzisa isikhathi sakho ngokunengqondo liyoxhomeka ekutheni ufinyelela imiphumela engathi sína yini ekuphileni noma cha.”

     Siyazi ukuthi iyiphi indlela eyathathwa nguTchaikovsky. Kodwa ukukhetha kwakhe kwakungahleliwe noma yemvelo. Ekuboneni kokuqala, akucaci ukuthi kungani indodana ethambile, ethambile, elalelayo yenza isenzo sesibindi ngempela: yephula intando kayise. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo (zazi kakhulu ngezisusa zokuziphatha kwethu) zithi ukukhetha komuntu kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kuhlanganise nezimfanelo zomuntu siqu, isimilo somuntu, izinkanuko zakhe, imigomo yokuphila namaphupho. Umuntu owayethanda umculo kusukela ebuntwaneni, wawuphefumula, wacabanga ngawo, wayengenza kanjani ngenye indlela? imifanekiso, imisindo? Imvelo yakhe ecashile yenyama yanda lapho ingazange ingene khona ukuqonda izinto ezibonakalayo zomculo. UHeine omkhulu uthe: “Lapho amagama agcina khona, lapho umculo uyaqala”… U-Tchaikovsky osemncane wazizwa edalwe ukucabanga komuntu futhi imizwa yokuthula yokuzwana. Umphefumulo wakhe wayazi indlela yokukhuluma nalokhu ngokuyinhloko okungenangqondo (awukwazi ukuyithinta ngezandla zakho, awukwazi ukuyichaza ngamafomula) into. Wayeseseduze nokuqonda imfihlo yokuzalwa komculo. Lo mhlaba wemilingo, ongafinyeleleki kwabaningi, wamncenga.

     Umculo odingekayo uTchaikovsky - isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esikwazi ukuqonda okungokomoya kwangaphakathi umhlaba womuntu futhi uwubonise ngemisebenzi. Futhi, ngempela, umculo wakhe (isibonelo, "Iolanta") ugcwele idrama yengqondo yabalingiswa. Ngokuya ngezinga lokungena likaTchaikovsky ezweni elingaphakathi lomuntu, waqhathaniswa noDostoevsky.       Izici zomculo ezingokwengqondo uTchaikovsky azinikeza amaqhawe akhe zikude nesibonisi esiyisicaba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izithombe ezidalwe zinezinhlangothi ezintathu, i-stereophonic futhi zingokoqobo. Aboniswa ngendlela eqandisiwe eyi-stereotypical, kodwa ngama-dynamics, ngokuhambisana ncamashi nokusonteka kwesakhiwo.

     Akunakwenzeka ukuqamba i-symphony ngaphandle komsebenzi onzima ongenabuntu. Ngakho-ke umculo kubuza uPeter, owavuma: “Ngaphandle komsebenzi, ukuphila akunanjongo kimi.” Umhlaziyi womculo waseRussia u-GA Laroche uthe: “UTchaikovsky ubesebenza ngokuzikhandla futhi nsuku zonke… UPyotr Ilyich wathi ngaye: “Ngisebenza njengesiboshwa.” Engenaso isikhathi sokuqeda ucezu olulodwa, waqala ukwenza olunye. UTchaikovsky uthe: “Ugqozi yisivakashi esingathandi ukuvakashela amavila.”     

Umsebenzi onzima kaTchaikovsky futhi, yiqiniso, ithalenta lingahlulelwa, isibonelo, ukuthi lingakanani wasondelana nomsebenzi awunikwe ngu-AG Rubinstein (afundisa kwa- I-Conservatory of Composition) bhala ukuhluka okuphambene nendikimba ethile. Mfundisi kulindeleke ukuthi ithole izinhlobonhlobo eziyishumi kuya kwezingamashumi amabili, kodwa wamangala lapho uPyotr Ilyich ethula ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili!” Nihil Volenti difficile est” (Kulabo abafisayo, akukho okunzima).

     Kakade ebusheni bakhe, umsebenzi kaTchaikovsky wawubonakala ngokukwazi ukucula umsebenzi, ukuze "ube nesimo sengqondo esihle", lowo msebenzi waba "injabulo nje." UTchaikovsky, umqambi, wasizwa kakhulu ukushelela kwakhe endleleni engokomfanekiso (okungokomfanekiso, okungokomfanekiso kombono ongabonakali). Le ndlela isetshenziswe ngokucacile ku-ballet "I-Nutcracker", ikakhulukazi, ekwethulweni kweholide, eyaqala ngomdanso we-Sugar Plum Fairy. I-Divertimento – i-suite ihlanganisa umdanso we-Chocolate (umdanso we-Spanish onomdlandla, osheshayo), umdanso weKofi (umdanso wama-Arabhu wokuzilibazisa onama-lullabies) nomdanso weTiye (umdanso omangalisayo wamaShayina). I-divertissement ilandelwa umdanso - injabulo "Waltz of the Flowers" - umfanekiso wentwasahlobo, ukuvuswa kwemvelo.

     Ukuphakama kokudala kukaPyotr Ilyich kwasizwa ukuzigxeka, ngaphandle kwalokho indlela eya ekupheleleni. cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngesinye isikhathi, kakade eminyakeni yakhe yokuvuthwa, ngandlela-thile wabona yonke imisebenzi yakhe emtatsheni wezincwadi wangasese futhi wababaza: “Nkosi, yeka ukuthi kuningi kangakanani engikubhalile, kodwa konke lokhu akukapheleli, kubuthakathaka, akukenziwa ngobuciko.” Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, washintsha kakhulu eminye yemisebenzi yakhe. Ngazama ukuncoma imisebenzi yabanye abantu. Ezihlola, wabonisa ukuzibamba. Ngesinye isikhathi, embuzweni othi "Peter Ilyich, ingabe usukhathele kakade ukunconywa futhi awunaki?" umqambi waphendula: "Yebo, umphakathi unomusa kakhulu kimi, mhlawumbe ngaphezu kwalokho engifanele ..." Isiqubulo sikaTchaikovsky sasithi "Umsebenzi, ulwazi, isizotha."

     Eqinile kuye, wayenomusa, enozwela, futhi esabela kwabanye. Akazange abe njalo abangenandaba nezinkinga nezinkinga zabanye. Inhliziyo yakhe yayivulekele abantu. Wayebakhathalela kakhulu abafowabo nezinye izihlobo. Lapho umshana wakhe uTanya Davydova egula, waba naye izinyanga ezimbalwa futhi wamshiya lapho eseluleme. Umusa wakhe wabonakala, ikakhulukazi, ngokuthi wanikela ngempesheni yakhe nemali engenayo lapho ekwazi, izihlobo, kuhlanganise nabakude, nemindeni yabo.

     Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi somsebenzi, isibonelo, ekuzilolongeni ne-orchestra, wabonisa ukuqina, ukunemba, ukuthola umsindo ocacile, onembile wensimbi ngayinye. Ukulingiswa kukaPyotr Ilyich bekungeke kuphelele ngaphandle kokusho ezinye ezimbalwa zobuntu bakhe izimfanelo Umlingiswa wakhe ngezinye izikhathi wayejabule, kodwa ngokuvamile wayevame ukudabuka kanye ne-melancholy. Ngakho-ke ku umsebenzi wakhe ubuphethwe amanothi amancane, adabukisayo. Bekuvaliwe. Ethandwa ukuba yedwa. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba, isizungu saba nengxenye ekuthandeni kwakhe umculo. Waba umngane wakhe ukuphila kwakhe konke, wamsindisa osizini.

     Wonke umuntu wayemazi njengomuntu onesizotha, onamahloni. Wayengagwegwesi, ethembekile, eneqiniso. Abaningi besikhathi sakhe babebheka uPyotr Ilyich njengomuntu ofunde kakhulu. Ngokungavamile Ngezikhathi zokuphumula, ubethanda ukufunda, ukuya emakhonsathini, nokwenza imisebenzi yentandokazi yakhe uMozart, uBeethoven nabanye abaculi. Lapho eneminyaka eyisikhombisa wayesekwazi ukukhuluma nokubhala ngesiJalimane nesiFulentshi. Kamuva wafunda isiNtaliyane.

     Enezimfanelo zomuntu siqu nezomsebenzi ezidingekayo ukuze abe umculi ovelele, u-Tchaikovsky wenza ijika lokugcina esuka emsebenzini wokuba ummeli waya emculweni.

     Indlela eqondile, nokho inzima kakhulu, enameva eya phezulu yavulwa ngaphambi kukaPyotr Ilyich ikhono lomculo. “Per aspera ad astra” (Ngameva kuya ezinkanyezini).

      Ngo-1861, ngonyaka wamashumi amabili nanye wokuphila kwakhe, wangena emakilasini omculo eRussia umphakathi womculo, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu waguqulwa waba iSt i-conservatory. Wayengumfundi womculi odumile nothisha u-Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein (izinsimbi nokwakheka). Uthisha onokuhlangenwe nakho waqaphela ngokushesha ithalenta elingavamile kuPyotr Ilyich. Ngaphansi kwethonya legunya elikhulu likathisha wakhe, uTchaikovsky ngokokuqala ngqá wazuza ukuzethemba emakhonweni akhe futhi ngentshiseko, ngamandla aphindwe kathathu nogqozi, waqala ukuqonda imithetho yokudala umculo.

     Iphupho "lomfana weglasi" lagcwaliseka - ngo-1865. wathola imfundo ephakeme yomculo.

UPyotr Ilyich waklonyeliswa ngendondo enkulu yesiliva. Wamenywa ukuba afundise eMoscow i-conservatory. Uthole isikhundla sokuba uprofesa wokwakheka kwamahhala, ukuvumelana, ithiyori kanye izinsimbi zomculo.

     Eqhubekela enjongweni yakhe ayithandayo, uPyotr Ilyich wagcina ekwazile ukuba yinkanyezi yobukhulu bokuqala umkhathi womculo womhlaba. Esikweni lesiRashiya, igama lakhe liyalingana namagama

Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky. Emculweni we-Olympus womhlaba, igalelo lakhe lokudala liqhathaniswa nendima kaBach noBeethoven, uMozart noSchubert, uSchumann noWagner, uBerlioz, uVerdi, uRossini, uChopin, uDvorak, uLiszt.

     Igalelo lakhe esikweni lomculo womhlaba likhulu kakhulu. Imisebenzi yakhe inamandla kakhulu egcwele imibono yobuntu, ukholo esiphethweni esiphakeme somuntu. Pyotr Ilyich wacula ukunqoba kwenjabulo nothando oluphakeme phezu kwamandla obubi nonya.

     Imisebenzi yakhe inomthelela omkhulu ngokomzwelo. Umculo uqotho, efudumele, ethambekele ebuhleni, ukudabuka, ukhiye omncane. Imibalabala, yothando futhi ukunotha okungavamile komculo.

     Umsebenzi kaTchaikovsky umelwe uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwezinhlobo zomculo: i-ballet kanye ne-opera, ama-symphonies nemisebenzi ye-symphonic yohlelo, amakhonsathi nomculo wegumbi izinsimbi zomculo, ikwaya, imisebenzi yezwi… UPyotr Ilyich udale ama-opera ayishumi, okuhlanganisa ne-“Eugene Onegin”, “The Queen of Spades”, “Iolanta”. Wanikeza umhlaba ama-ballet "Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty", "The Nutcracker". Ingcebo yobuciko bomhlaba ihlanganisa ama-symphonies ayisithupha, ama-overtures - amaphupho asekelwe ku-"Romeo and Juliet" kaShakespeare, "Hamlet", kanye nomdlalo we-orchestra we-Solemn Overture "1812". Wabhala amakhonsathi epiyano ne-orchestra, ikhonsathi ye-violin ne-orchestra, nama-suites e-symphony orchestra, kuhlanganise ne-Mocertiana. Izingcezu zepiyano, okufaka phakathi umjikelezo othi "Izinkathi Zonyaka" nezothando, nazo zibonwa njengemisebenzi yobuciko yakudala yomhlaba.

     Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu bekungaba ukulahlekelwa kangakanani emhlabeni wobuciko bomculo. buyisela amagalelo esiphetho abhekana naso “kumfana oyingilazi” ebuntwaneni nasebusheni bakhe. Umuntu ozinikele ngokuphelele kwezobuciko kuphela ongamelana novivinyo olunjalo.

Enye inhlekelele yenzeke kuPyotr Ilyich ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemuva kokuphela i-conservatory. Umhlaziyi womculo u-Ts.A. UCui ngokungafanele unikeze ukuhlolwa okubi kwamakhono kaTchaikovsky. Ngezwi elingathembekile elazwakala kakhulu kuyi-St. Petersburg Gazette, umqambi walimala kwaze kwafika enhliziyweni… Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambili, unina washona. Wathola igalelo elinzima kowesifazane ayemthanda, okwathi ngemva nje kokuthembisana kwakhe umshado, wamshiya ukuze athole enye imali...

     Kwakukhona nezinye izivivinyo zokudalelwa. Mhlawumbe yingakho, ezama ukucasha ezinkingeni ezimhluphayo, uPyotr Ilyich waphila impilo yokuzulazula isikhathi eside, evame ukushintsha indawo yakhe yokuhlala.

     Igalelo lokugcina lagcina selishonile...

     Sibonga uPyotr Ilyich ngokuzinikela kwakhe emculweni. Wasibonisa, abancane nabadala, isibonelo sokuphikelela, ukukhuthazela nokuzimisela. Wacabanga ngathi baculi abasebasha. Njengoba esevele engumqambi odumile omdala, ezungezwe izinkinga “zabantu abadala,” wasinika izipho eziyigugu. Nakuba ayematasatasa, wahumushela olimini lwesiRashiya incwadi kaRobert Schumann ethi “Imithetho Yokuphila Neseluleko Kubaculi Abancane.” Lapho eneminyaka engu-38, ukukhiphele iqoqo lemidlalo ebizwa ngokuthi “I-albhamu Yezingane”.

     “I-Glass Boy” yasikhuthaza ukuba sibe nomusa futhi sibone ubuhle babantu. Wasinika uthando lwempilo, imvelo, ubuciko...