UJoseph Hofmann |

UJoseph Hofmann

Umdlali wepiyano waseMelika nomqambi wemvelaphi yasePoland. Wazalelwa emndenini wabaculi: uyise, uKazimir Hoffman, wayengumdlali wopiyano, umama wakhe wacula ku-Operetta yaseKrakow. Lapho eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, uJosefa wathola izifundo zakhe zokuqala zomculo kuyise, futhi, ngemva kokubonisa ithalente elikhulu, ngokushesha waqala ukwenza njengomdlali wopiyano ngisho nomqambi (naye wayenamakhono amahle izibalo, Mechanics kanye nezinye isayensi ngqo) .

Ngemva kokuvakashela i-Europe, u-Hoffmann wenza umdlalo wakhe wokuqala wase-US ngoNovemba 29, 1887 ngekhonsathi e-Metropolitan Opera House, lapho enza khona ngobuchule i-Beethoven's First Concerto, wabuye wathuthukisa nezindikimba ezihlongoziwe izethameli, okwadala ukuthi umphakathi uhlabeke umxhwele.

Ehlonishwa ubuciko bomculi osemusha, isikhulu sengilazi saseMelika u-Alfred Clark samnika amadola ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu, okwavumela umndeni ukuba ubuyele eYurophu, lapho uHoffmann engaqhubeka khona nezifundo zakhe ngokuthula. Isikhathi esithile, uMoritz Moszkowski wayenguthisha wakhe, kodwa uHoffmann waba ukuphela komfundi wangasese ka-Anton Rubinstein (owayehlala eDresden ngaleso sikhathi), owaba nethonya elikhulu emibonweni yakhe yokudala.

Kusukela ngo-1894, uHoffmann waphinde waqala ukudlala esidlangalaleni, engaseyena njengengane ehlakaniphile, kodwa njengomculi ovuthiwe. Ngemva kokwenza Ikhonsathi Yesine kaRubinstein eHamburg ngaphansi kokuqondisa kombhali, lo wakamuva wathi akukho okunye ayengamfundisa khona, wayeka ukufunda naye.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, uHoffmann wayengomunye wabadlali bopiyano abadumile nabafunwa kakhulu emhlabeni: amakhonsathi akhe aqhutshwa ngempumelelo enkulu eGreat Britain, eRussia, e-USA, eNingizimu Melika, yonke indawo enendlu egcwele. Kolunye uchungechunge lwamakhonsathi eSt. Petersburg, wahlaba umxhwele izethameli ngokudlala izingcezu ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu ezihlukene emidlalweni eyishumi. Ngo-1903 no-1904, uHoffmann wacula eSt. Petersburg kanye noKubelik, kangangokuthi, ngokwezikhumbuzo zika-O. Mandelstam, “engqondweni yalowo owayenguPetersburger, bahlangana baba isithombe esisodwa. Njengamawele, ayenobude obufanayo nombala ofanayo. Ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sobude, cishe bufushane, izinwele ezimnyama kunophiko lwegwababa. Bobabili babeneziphongo eziphansi kakhulu nezandla ezincane kakhulu. Kokubili manje kubukeka kimi njengama-premieres weqembu laseLilliputian.

Ngo-1914, uHoffmann wathuthela e-United States, lapho asheshe waba yisakhamuzi futhi waqhubeka enza. Ngo-1924, wamukela isipho sokuhola i-Curtis Institute of Music e-Philadelphia esanda kusungulwa, futhi wayihola kwaze kwaba ngu-1938. Phakathi nobuholi bakhe, lesi sikhungo sahamba emhlabeni wonke, saba isikole esihle kakhulu sabaculi abaningi abadumile bakusasa.

Amakhonsathi kaHoffmann aqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwawo-1940, ikhonsathi yakhe yokugcina yenzeka eNew York ngo-1946. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, uHoffmann wayematasa ngentshiseko ekuthuthukisweni emkhakheni wokuqopha umsindo kanye nobunjiniyela: unamalungelo obunikazi ayishumi nambili ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. ukuthuthukiswa komshini wepiyano, kanye nasekusungulweni kwama-"wiper" neziphethu zomoya zemoto namanye amadivaysi.

UHoffmann uthathwa ngokufanelekile njengomunye wabadlali bopiyano abakhulu bekhulu le-1887. Ikhono elihlakaniphile, elihambisana nomcabango ongavamile onesigqi, lamvumela ukuba adlale ngamandla ayisisekelo namandla, futhi ngenxa yenkumbulo yakhe enhle kakhulu, wayengakwazi ukukhathazeka "ngokubuyisela" umsebenzi owake wadlalwa ngaphambi kwekhonsathi elandelayo. Uchungechunge lomdlali wopiyano lwaluncane kakhulu: empeleni wayelinganiselwe efeni lengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX - ukusuka ku-Beethoven kuya e-Liszt, kodwa cishe akakaze awucule umculo wabaqambi bakhe bangaleso sikhathi. Ngisho nekhonsathi Yesithathu Yepiyano kaSergei Rachmaninov eyayinikezelwe kuHoffmann, umsebenzi wakhe uRachmaninoff ngokwakhe awazisa kakhulu, kwakungeyona into ehlukile. U-Hoffmann ubengomunye wabaculi bokuqala emlandweni ukuqopha ukudlala kwakhe ngo-XNUMX kugilamafoni, kodwa kamuva waqoshwa okungavamile kakhulu esitudiyo. Inani elikhulu lokuqoshwa kukaHoffmann okusekhona kuze kube yilolu suku kwenziwa emakhonsathini.

U-Hoffmann ungumbhali wezingoma ezingaba yikhulu (ezishicilelwe ngaphansi kwegama-mbumbulu elithi Michel Dvorsky), izincwadi ezimbili ezikhuluma ngobuciko bokudlala upiyano: “Iseluleko Kubadlali Bopiyano Abancane” kanye “Nokudlala Upiyano”.