UGary Graffman |

UGary Graffman

Kwezinye izimpawu zangaphandle, ubuciko bomdlali wepiyano buseduze nesikole saseRussia. Uthisha wakhe wokuqala kwakungu-Isabella Vengerova, ekilasini lakhe athola iziqu eCurtis Institute ngo-1946, futhi uGraffman wathuthuka iminyaka emine nomunye ongowokuzalwa eRussia, uVladimir Horowitz. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi izithakazelo zokudala zomculi ziqondiswe kakhulu kumculo wabaqambi baseRussia, kanye noChopin. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kunezici ngendlela kaGraffman ezingezona ezemvelo esikoleni saseRussia, kodwa ezijwayelekile nje zengxenye ethile yama-American virtuosos - uhlobo "lokuqondile okujwayelekile kwaseMelika" (njengoba omunye wabagxeki baseYurophu akubeka kanjalo. ), ukulinganisa kokuqhathanisa, ukuntula umcabango, inkululeko yokuthuthukisa, isici sokusungula okuqondile esiteji. Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu uba nombono wokuthi ulethela izilaleli ekwahluleleni kwazo izincazelo eziye zaqinisekiswa kusenesikhathi kuze kube sezingeni lokuba ekhaya kangangokuthi ayisekho indawo yokukhuthaza ehholo.

Konke lokhu, yiqiniso, kuyiqiniso, uma sisondela kuGraffman ngezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu, futhi lo mculi omkhulu ufanelwe indlela enjalo futhi kuphela. Ngoba ngisho nangaphakathi kohlaka lwesitayela sakhe, akazange azuze imali encane. Umdlali wopiyano uwazi kahle zonke izimfihlo zobuciko bepiyano: unesu elihle elihehayo, ukuthinta okuthambile, ukunyathela okuhle, kunoma iyiphi i-tempo uphatha izinsiza eziguqukayo zensimbi ngendlela engavamile, uzwa isitayela sanoma iyiphi inkathi nanoma yimuphi umbhali, iyakwazi ukudlulisa imizwa nemizwelo eyahlukene. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yalokhu, uzuza imiphumela ebalulekile yobuciko emisebenzini ehlukahlukene. Umdwebi wafakazela konke lokhu, ikakhulukazi, ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakhe e-USSR ngo-1971. Impumelelo efanelekile yalethwa kuye ngokuchazwa kwe-"Carnival" kaSchumann kanye "Ukuhlukahluka Kwengqikithi YePaganini" kaBrahms, amakhonsathi kaChopin. , Brahms, Tchaikovsky.

Eqala ukunikeza amakhonsathi esemncane, uGraffman wabonakala okokuqala e-Europe ngo-1950 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukhuphukele ekubeni avelele emkhathizwe wepiyano. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu njalo ukusebenza kwakhe komculo waseRussia. Uphethe okurekhodiwe okukodwa okungavamile kwawo womathathu amakhonsathi e-Tchaikovsky, enziwe ne-Philadelphia Orchestra eqhutshwa u-Y. Ormandy, kanye nokurekhodwa kwamakhonsathi amaningi e-Prokofiev ne-Rachmaninoff no-D. Sall kanye ne-Cleveland Orchestra. Futhi ngakho konke ukubhuka, abantu abambalwa abangakwazi ukuphika lokhu okuqoshiwe hhayi kuphela ekupheleleni kobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ngobubanzi, inhlanganisela yokukhanya kwe-virtuoso ne-lyricism ethambile. Ekuhunyushweni kwamakhonsathi kaRachmaninov, ukuvinjelwa okungokwemvelo kukaGraffman, umuzwa wesimo, ukuhleleka komsindo, okumvumela ukuba agweme ukuzwela ngokweqile futhi adlulisele izethameli uhlaka lomculo womculo, lufaneleka ngokukhethekile.

Phakathi kokuqoshwa okukodwa komculi, irekhodi likaChopin libonwa abagxeki njengempumelelo enkulu. “Imisho kaGraffman ecophelelayo, elungile kanye nezikhathi ezikhethwe ngekhono zinhle ngokwazo, nakuba kuhle ukuthi i-Chopin idinga ukungezwani okuncane emsindweni kanye nokuzimisela okwengeziwe ukuthatha izingozi. Kodwa-ke, uGraffman, ngendlela yakhe ebandayo, engabonakali, ngezinye izikhathi uzuza cishe izimangaliso zomculo wopiyano: kwanele ukulalela ukunemba okumangalisayo kwesiqephu esiphakathi esithi "detache" se-A-minor Ballad. Njengoba singabona, kula mazwi omgxeki waseMelika u-X. Goldsmith, ukuphikisana okuqukethwe ekubukekeni kukaGraffman kuphinde kuxoxwe ngakho. Yini eshintshile eminyakeni edlule esihlukanisa nalowo mhlangano nomculi? Ubuciko bakhe bakhula ngakuphi, ingabe bavuthwa ngokwengeziwe futhi baba nenjongo, baba nesifiso sokuvelela? Impendulo engaqondile kulokhu inikezwa umbukezi kamagazini iMusical America, owake wavakashela ikhonsathi yomculi eCarnegie Hall: “Ingabe inkosi esencane ivuthwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ifinyelela iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ubudala? U-Harry Graffman akawuphenduli lo mbuzo ngokukholisa okungu-XNUMX%, kodwa unikeza abalaleli ukudlala okufanayo okunokulinganisela, okucabangelayo nokuzethemba kobuchwepheshe obekuwuphawu lwakhe kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. UHarry Graffman uyaqhubeka nokuba ngomunye wabashayi bopiyano abanokwethenjelwa nabafaneleka kakhulu, futhi uma ubuciko bakhe bungashintshile kakhulu phakathi neminyaka edlule, mhlawumbe isizathu salokhu ukuthi izinga lakhe belilokhu liphakeme kakhulu.”

Emngceleni wokuzalwa kwakhe kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, uGraffman waphoqeleka ukuba anciphise kakhulu imisebenzi yakhe yokwenza ngenxa yokulimala kweminwe yesandla sakhe sokunene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-repertoire yakhe yancishiswa yaba umbuthano omncane wezingoma ezibhalelwe isandla sobunxele. Nokho, lokhu kwavumela umculi ukuba abonise amakhono akhe ezindaweni ezintsha - ezincwadini nasekufundiseni. Ngo-1980, waqala ukufundisa ikilasi eliphezulu e-alma mater yakhe, kwathi ngemva konyaka, kwashicilelwa umlando wempilo yakhe, okwabe sekudlula ezinye izinhlelo eziningi. Ngo-1986, ngemva kweminyaka engu-40 ethweswe iziqu eCurtis Institute, uGraffman wakhethwa njengoMqondisi wezobuciko.

Ngo-2004, umongameli wesikhathi eside wesinye sezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esiqeqeshe umthala wabaculi abadumile, umdlali wopiyano onekhono futhi omane nje othandeka ngendlela emangalisayo, wagubha usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-75. Ngobusuku besikhumbuzo, izivakashi ezihlonishwayo, ozakwabo nabangane bamhalalisela ngemfudumalo, behlonipha indoda eyabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni impilo yamasiko yaseFiladelphia kuphela, kodwa umhlaba wonke womculo. Ekhonsathini ye-gala e-Kimmel Center, iqhawe langaleso sikhathi lacula ikhonsathi ka-Ravel esandleni sokunxele futhi ladlala ne-Philadelphia Orchestra (umbhidisi u-Rosen Milanov) i-symphony yesi-4 ka-Tchaikovsky kanye ne-“Blue Cathedral” yomqambi wase-Philadelphia u-J. Higdon.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.