Abathathu |

ital. trio, kusukela lat. ezintathu, ezintathu

1) Iqoqo labaculi aba-3. Ngokusho kokwakhiwa kwabadlali, instr., wok. (bheka futhi i-Tercet) kanye ne-wok.-instr. T.; ngokusho kokwakhiwa kwezinsimbi - ezilinganayo (isibonelo, izintambo ezigobile - i-violin, i-viola, i-cello) futhi ixutshwe (izintambo ezinensimbi yomoya noma upiyano).

2) Umculo. umkhiqizo. ngezinsimbi zomculo ezi-3 noma amazwi aculayo. Ithuluzi T. kanye nezintambo. I-quartet ingeyezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomculo we-chamber futhi ivela ku-trio sonata yakudala (sonata a tre) yekhulu le-17-18, ehloselwe izinsimbi zekhonsathi ezi-3 (isibonelo, ama-violin ama-2 kanye ne-viola da gamba), eyayivame kuhlanganiswe izwi lesi-4 (upiyano, isitho, njll.) ehola ingxenye ye-basso continuo (A. Corelli, A. Vivaldi, G. Tartini). Uhlobo lwethuluzi lakudala T. lusekelwe ku-sonata-cyclic. ifomu. Indawo ehamba phambili ithathwa uhlobo lweFP. T. (i-violin, i-cello, upiyano), eyaqala phakathi nendawo. Ikhulu le-18 emsebenzini wabaqambi besikole saseMannheim. Amasampula okuqala akudala - fp. abathathu bakaJ. Haydn, lapho ukuzimela kwamazwi kungakafinyelelwa. Ku-trio ye-WA ​​Mozart kanye ne-trios yokuqala ye-Beethoven (op. 1) ch. indima ngeyeFP. amaqembu; I-Beethoven trio op. 70 futhi op. 97, mayelana nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kokudala komqambi, zihlukaniswa ngokulingana kwawo wonke amalungu e-ensemble, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsimbi. amaqembu, ukuthungwa yinkimbinkimbi. Izibonelo ezivelele ze-fp. Ithiyetha yadalwa ngu-F. Schubert, R. Schumann, I. Brahms, PI Tchaikovsky (“In Memory of the Great Artist”, 1882), SV Rachmaninov (“Elegiac Trio” ekhumbula u-PI Tchaikovsky, 1893), DD Shostakovich ( op. 67, inkumbulo ka-II Sollertinsky). Uhlobo lweyunithi yezinhlamvu aluvamile kangako. T. (i-violin, i-viola, i-cello; isb, izintambo. ezintathu zikaHaydn, u-Beethoven; izintambo. ezintathu ze-Borodin esihlokweni sengoma ethi "Ngikucasule kanjani", izintambo. ezintathu ze-SI Taneyev). Ezinye izinhlanganisela zezinsimbi nazo ziyasetshenziswa, isibonelo. ku-Glinka's Pathetic Trio yepiyano, i-clarinet ne-bassoon; ezintathu zama-oboes angu-2 nesiNgisi. uphondo, i-trio yopiyano, i-clarinet ne-cello ka-Beethoven; I-Brahms trio yepiyano, i-violin nempondo, njll. Wok. T. - omunye main. amafomu e-opera, kanye nezizimele. umkhiqizo. ngamavoti angu-3.

3) Ingxenye ephakathi (isigaba) instr. izingcezu, umdanso (i-minuet), imashi, i-scherzo, njll., imvamisa eqhathanisa nezingxenye ezihamba phambili ezihamba phambili. Igama elithi “T.” yavela ngekhulu le-17, ngenkathi ku-orc. umkhiqizo. ingxenye ephakathi yefomu enezingxenye ezintathu, ngokungafani nezinye, yenziwa izinsimbi ezintathu kuphela.

4) Ucezu lwesitho olunezingxenye ezintathu lwezincwadi ezi-2 kanye ne-pedal, sibonga ngoDisemba. Ngokubhalisa amakhibhodi, umehluko we-timbre uyadalwa phakathi kwamazwi.

References: UGaidamovich T., ama-Instrumental ensembles, M., 1960, M., 1963; Raaben L., Instrumental Ensemble in Russian Music, M., 1961; UMironov L., u-Beethoven Trio wepiyano, i-violin ne-cello, M., 1974.

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