Karlheinz Stockhausen |
UKarlheinz Stockhausen
Umqambi waseJalimane, i-theorist yomculo kanye nomcabangi, omunye wabameleli abakhulu be-post-war musical avant-garde. Wazalwa ngo-1928 edolobheni laseMedrat eduze kwaseCologne. Ngo-1947-51 wafunda e-Cologne Higher School of Music. Waqala ukuqamba ngo-1950 futhi waba ngumhlanganyeli okhuthele ku-Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music (lapho kamuva afundisa khona iminyaka eminingi). Ngo-1952-53 wafunda eParis noMesiaen futhi wasebenza ku-Studio "umculo okhonkolo" kaPierre Schaeffer. Ngo-1953, waqala ukusebenza eWest German Radio's Electronic Music Studio eCologne (kamuva wayihola kusukela ngo-1963-73). Ngo-1954-59 wayengomunye wabahleli bemagazini yomculo "Row" (Die Reihe), enikezelwe ezindabeni zomculo wesimanje. Ngo-1963 wasungula iCologne Courses for New Music futhi kwaze kwaba ngu-1968 wasebenza njengomqondisi wabo wezobuciko. Ngo-1970-77 wayenguprofesa wokuqamba e-Cologne Higher School of Music.
Ngo-1969 wasungula eyakhe “i-Stockhausen Publishing House” (i-Stockhausen Verlag), lapho ashicilela khona wonke amaphuzu akhe amasha, kanye nezincwadi, amarekhodi, izincwajana, izincwajana nezinhlelo. KuMbukiso Womhlaba Wase-Osaka wango-1970, lapho iStockhausen yayimele iNtshonalanga Jalimane, kwakhiwa inkundla ekhethekile emise okwebhola yephrojekthi yakhe ye-Expo electro-acoustic. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970, waphila impilo eyingqayizivele ezungezwe umndeni kanye nabaculi abadumile edolobheni lase-Kürten. Wadlala njengomculi wezingoma zakhe - kokubili ngama-symphony orchestra kanye neqembu lakhe "lomndeni". Wabhala futhi washicilela izindatshana zomculo, eziqoqwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Imibhalo" (ngemiqulu eyi-10). Kusukela ngo-1998, Izifundo Zamazwe Ngamazwe Zokuqamba Nokuhunyushwa Komculo WaseStockhausen bezibanjwa njalo ehlobo e-Kürten. Umqambi ushone ngo-December 5, 2007 e-Kürten. Esinye sezigcawu zedolobha siqanjwe ngaye.
Stockhausen washintsha izikhathi eziningana emsebenzini wakhe. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, waphendukela ku-serialism kanye ne-pointillism. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1950 - ukuya emculweni we-elekthronikhi kanye "wendawo". Enye yezimpumelelo zakhe eziphakeme kakhulu zalesi sikhathi kwaba "Amaqembu" (1957) kuma-orchestra amathathu e-symphony. Wabe eseqala ukuthuthukisa "uhlobo lwezikhathi" (Momentform) - uhlobo "lwefomu elivulekile" (uBoulez elibiza ngokuthi i-aleatoric). Uma ngeminyaka yawo-1950 - ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 umsebenzi we-Stockhausen wathuthukiswa ngomoya wokuqhubekela phambili kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ngaleso sikhathi, khona-ke kusukela maphakathi nawo-1960 ubulokhu ushintsha ngaphansi kwethonya lemizwa esoteric. Umqambi uzinikela emculweni "onembile" kanye "nomhlaba wonke", lapho elwela ukuhlanganisa izimiso zomculo nezingokomoya. Izingoma zakhe ezidla isikhathi zihlanganisa izici zesiko nokusebenza, kanti i-"Mantra" yamapiyano amabili (1970) yakhelwe phezu komgomo "wefomula yendawo yonke".
Umjikelezo omkhulu we-opera othi “Ukukhanya. Izinsuku eziyisikhombisa zesonto” kusakhiwo esingokomfanekiso-cosmogonic, umbhali asidala kusukela ngo-1977 kuya ku-2003. izinsuku eziyisikhombisa Zokudala) kuthatha cishe amahora angama-30 futhi idlula iDer Ring des Nibelungen kaWagner. Iphrojekthi yokugcina, engakaqediwe yokudala yaseStockhausen kwaba “Umsindo. Amahora angama-24 osuku ”(2004-07) - izingoma ezingama-24, ngayinye okufanele yenziwe kwelinye lamahora angama-24 osuku. Olunye uhlobo olubalulekile lweStockhausen kwakuyizingoma zakhe zopiyano, azibiza ngokuthi “izicucu zepiyano” (Klaviestücke). 19 isebenza ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko, edalwe kusukela ngo-1952 kuya ku-2003, ibonisa zonke izikhathi eziyinhloko zomsebenzi womqambi.
Ngo-1974, u-Stockhausen waba u-Commander we-Order of Merit ye-Federal Republic of Germany, ngaleso sikhathi owayenguMkhuzi we-Order of Arts and Letters (France, 1985), wazuza umklomelo we-Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1986), udokotela ohloniphekile we Inyuvesi yamahhala yaseBerlin (1996), ilungu lezikole eziningi zakwamanye amazwe. Ngo-1990, Stockhausen weza e-USSR nabaculi bakhe kanye nemishini acoustic njengengxenye yomkhosi wokugubha iminyaka engu-40 FRG.
Umthombo: meloman.ru
