I-Sharp, flat kanye ne-bekar - izimpawu zoshintsho emculweni

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokho okubukhali, okuyisicaba kanye ne-bekar, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokushintsha emculweni ngokujwayelekile, nokuthi leli gama elithi "ukuguqulwa" lisho ukuthini ngokujwayelekile.

Ake siqale ngencazelo emfushane kakhulu yakho konke, bese sizoqonda kahle. Ake siqale ngombuzo wethu wokugcina, othi - Kuyini ukushintshwa emculweni? Leli igama lesiLatini elinempande ethi “ALTER”, ungakwazi ukuqagela incazelo yalo uma ukhumbula noma yimaphi amagama anempande efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kunegama elinjengokuthi “okuhlukile” (isinqumo esisodwa noma esinye ongakhetha kuso), kunenkulumo engokwengqondo enjengokuthi “alter ego” (enye mina). Ngakho, ngesiLatin ALTER lisho “ENYE”. Okusho ukuthi, leli gama lihlala libonisa ukuba khona kokuhlukahluka okuningana kwento ethile noma into, noma uhlobo oluthile loshintsho.

Emculweni, I-ALTERATION iwushintsho ezinyathelweni eziyisisekelo (okungukuthi, ushintsho kumanothi ajwayelekile DO RE MI FA SOLD LA SI). Ungawashintsha kanjani? Ungawaphakamisa noma uwahlise. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa izinguqulo ezintsha zalezi zinyathelo zomculo (izinyathelo eziphuma kokunye). Amanothi aphezulu abizwa ngokuthi AMA-DIESES, kanti aphansi abizwa ngokuthi ama-BEMOLS.

Izimpawu Zokushintsha

Njengoba sesibonile kakade ukuthi AMAZWI imisindo erekhodiwe, okungukuthi, izimpawu eziyingcaca. Futhi ukurekhoda amanothi ayinhloko kuma-octave ahlukene, i-stave, okhiye, ababusi bayasetshenziswa. Futhi ngokurekhoda amanothi ashintshiwe, kukhona nezimpawu - IZIMPAWU ZOKUSHINTSHA: acijile, ayisicaba, ama-bekars, acijile kabili futhi ayiflethi ekabili.

Uphawu lwe-DIEZ kubukeka njenge-grille kukhiphedi yefoni noma, uma uthanda, njengesitebhisi esincane, isitshela ukuthi siphakamise inothi. Igama lalesi sibonakaliso livela egameni lesiGreki elithi "diea".

Isibonakaliso se-BEMOL isitshela ngenothi elehlisiwe, libukeka njengohlamvu lwesiNgisi noma lwesiLatini oluphrintiwe “bh” (b), ingxenye engezansi kuphela yalolu hlamvu ekhonjiwe (ibukeka njengeconsi elihlanekezelwe). I-Flat igama lesiFulentshi, nakuba line-etymology yesiLatini. Leli gama lakhiwe izici ezilula kakhulu: "yiba" uhlamvu "yiba" (b), futhi "imvukuzane" isho "thambile", okungukuthi, flat imane nje "i-soft b".

Uphawu lwe-BEKAR - uphawu oluthakazelisa kakhulu, lukhansela umphumela wamaflethi nama-sharps futhi lithi udinga ukudlala inothi evamile, hhayi ukuphakanyiswa noma ukwehliswa. Ngokubhala, i-bekar i-angular kancane, ibukeka njengenombolo 4, ivaliwe kuphela phezulu hhayi ngonxantathu, kodwa ngesikwele, futhi ibonakala njengohlamvu "bh" (b), kuphela "i-square" futhi. ngestroke phansi. Igama elithi "bekar" lisuka ku-French futhi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "square bae".

Uphawu lwe-DOUBLE-DIEZ, kukhona eyodwa, isetshenziselwa ukuphinda kabili inothi, iyisiphambano esiyi-diagonal (ecishe ifane naleyo ababhala ngayo lapho bedlala i-tic-tac-toe), kuphela enamacebiso anwetshiwe, amise okwedayimane kancane.

Uphawu lwe-DOUBLE-BEMOL, ngokulandelana, ukhuluma ngokuhlehliswa kabili kwenothi, isimiso sokuqopha lesi sibonakaliso sifana nencwadi yesiNgisi ethi W (double V), kumane nje kungeyona eyodwa, kodwa amafulethi amabili abekwe eceleni.

Ama-sharp namaflethi ashintsha kanjani amanothi?

Ake siqale ngalokhu kuqaphela. Noma ubani obheka ikhibhodi yepiyano uzoqaphela ukuthi inokhiye abamhlophe nabamnyama. Futhi ngezihluthulelo ezimhlophe, yonke into ivamise ukucaca, kukuzo lapho ungadlala khona amanothi ajwayelekile okuthi DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI. Ukuthola inothi ethi DO on upiyano, siqondiswa okhiye abamnyama: lapho kukhona okhiye ababili abamnyama, kwesokunxele kubo kunothi DO, futhi wonke amanye amanothi asuka kokuthi DO ngokulandelana. Uma ungawazi kahle okhiye bepiyano, sincoma ukuthi ufunde izinto eziqukethwe "Indawo yamanothi opiyano".

Kanti abensundu bathini? Eyokuma nje emkhathini? Kodwa kwabamnyama, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-sharps namaflethi adlalwa - amanothi aphezulu naphansi. Kodwa okuningi ngalokho kamuva, kodwa manje sidinga ukuthola isimiso. Ama-Sharps namaflethi aphakamisa noma aphansi amanothi nge-HALF TONE. Kusho ukuthini lokhu futhi iyini i-semitone?

I-semitone ibanga elincane phakathi kwemisindo emibili. Futhi kukhibhodi yepiyano, i-semitone ibanga ukusuka kukhiye owodwa ukuya kumakhelwane oseduze. Futhi lapha kokubili okhiye abamhlophe nabamnyama bayacatshangelwa - ngaphandle kwezikhala.

Ama-halftones akhiwa lapho sikhuphuka sisuka kukhiye omhlophe siye komunye omnyama olandelayo, noma lapho, ngokuphambene nalokho, sehla sisuka komunye omnyama siye komhlophe oseduze. Futhi kukhona nama-semitone phakathi kwezikhiye ezimhlophe, noma kunalokho phakathi kwemisindo MI ne-FA, kanye ne-SI ne-DO. Bheka ngokucophelela lezi zihluthulelo - azikho izihluthulelo ezimnyama phakathi kwazo, akukho lutho oluzihlukanisayo, okusho ukuthi nazo ziseduze kakhulu komunye nomunye futhi kukhona nebanga le-semitone phakathi kwazo. Sincoma ukuthi ukhumbule lawa ma-semitone amabili angajwayelekile (i-MI-FA ne-SI-DO), azofika ewusizo kaningi.

Ibukhali namaflethi kukhibhodi yepiyano

Uma ubukhali buphakamisa inothi nge-semitone (noma ungasho futhi ngethoni engxenyeni), lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho sidlala upiyano olubukhali, sidinga ukubhala inothi ephakeme kakhulu (okungukuthi, umakhelwane oyinhloko. ). Isibonelo, uma sifuna ukudlala i-C-SHARP, bese sidlala ukhiye omnyama oseduze ukusuka ku-DO, ongakwesokudla kwe-DO emhlophe (okungukuthi, sithatha i-semitone phezulu). Uma udinga ukudlala i-D-SHARP, khona-ke senza okufanayo: sidlala ukhiye olandelayo, ophakeme nge-semitone (emnyama ngakwesokudla kwe-RE emhlophe).

Kodwa kuthiwani uma ungekho ukhiye omnyama eduze kwesokudla? Khumbula amathoni ethu amhlophe ayingxenye ye-MI-FA ne-SI-DO. Idlalwa kanjani i-MI-DIEZ uma ungekho ukhiye omnyama kwesokudla sayo ukuya phezulu, nendlela yokudlala i-SI-DIEZ, enendaba efanayo? Futhi konke ngokomthetho ofanayo - sithatha inothi ngakwesokudla (okungukuthi, phezulu), okuyi-semitone ephakeme. Hhayi-ke, kungabi mnyama, kodwa kumhlophe. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi okhiye abamhlophe bayasizana lapha ngaphandle.

Buka isithombe, lapha kokhiye bepiyano kusayinwe zonke izinsimbi ezibukhali eziku-octave:

Futhi mayelana namafulethi, mhlawumbe waziqagela wena. Ukuze udlale iflethi kupiyano, udinga ukuthatha ukhiye ube nesemitone ephansi (okungukuthi, uye phansi - kwesokunxele). Isibonelo, uma udinga ukudlala i-RE-BEMOL, thatha ukhiye omnyama uye kwesokunxele se-RE emhlophe, uma i-MI-BEMOL, bese uye kwesokunxele se-MI emhlophe. Futhi, kunjalo, ngamathoni amhlophe amhlophe, amanothi ayasizana futhi: I-FA-BEMOL iqondana nokhiye we-MI, kanye ne-DO-BEMOL - ne-SI.

Isithombe manje sibonisa wonke amaflethi okhiye bepiyano:

Kuthiwani ngama-double sharps kanye ne-double flat?

Futhi i-double-sharp and double-flat - iphakama kabili futhi iwa kabili, yebo, shintsha inothi ngama-semitones amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ama-semitone amabili angamahhafu amabili ethoni. Uma uxhuma izingxenye ezimbili zento, khona-ke uthola into eyodwa ephelele. Uma uhlanganisa ama-semitones amabili, uthola ithoni eyodwa ephelele.

Ngakho-ke, kuvele ukuthi i-DOUBLE-DIEZ iphakamisa inothi ngethoni ephelele ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi i-DOUBLE-BEMOLE yehlisa inothi ngethoni yonke. Noma ama-semitones amabili uma uthanda kangcono.

Indlela yokukhuluma nendlela yokubhala?

UMTHETHO #1. Lapha sonke sithi: DO-DIEZ, RE-DIEZ, MI-BEMOLE, LA-BEMOLE. Kodwa udinga ukubhala amanothi ngendlela ehlukile, ngokuphambene - DIEZ-DO, DIEZ-RE, BEMOLE-MI, BEMOLE-LA. Okusho ukuthi, uphawu olucijile noma oluyisicaba lubekwe ngaphambi kwenothi kusengaphambili, njengophawu oluyisixwayiso kumshayeli wemoto. Sekuphuzile ukubeka iflethi noma elicijile ngemuva kwenothi, ngoba selidlaliwe inothi elimhlophe, ngoba sekuvele ukuthi kungamanga. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubhala uphawu olufunayo ngaphambi kwenothi.

UMTHETHO #2. Noma yiluphi uphawu kufanele lubekwe phezu kwerula efanayo lapho kubhalwe khona inothi ngokwalo. Okusho ukuthi, uphawu kufanele lube eduze kwenothi, lufana nonogada olugadile. Kodwa ama-Sharps namaflethi, abhalwe kubabusi abangalungile noma ngisho nokundiza endaweni ethile emkhathini, akulungile.

Izihluthulelo eziyinhloko nezingahleliwe namaflethi

Ama-Sharps namaflethi, okungukuthi, izimpawu zokuguqulwa, ziyizinhlobo ezimbili: UKHIYE kanye ne-RANDOM. Uyini umehluko? Okokuqala, mayelana nezimpawu ezingahleliwe. Lapha konke kufanele kucace ngegama. Ezingahleliwe yilezo ezivele ziqhamuke embhalweni womculo ngenhlanhla, njengekhowe ehlathini. Ukucijile okungahleliwe noma okuyisicaba kudlalwa kuphela ngesilinganiso somculo lapho okuthole khona, futhi esilinganisweni esilandelayo, kunothi elimhlophe elivamile liyadlalwa.

Amamaki angukhiye yilawo abukhali namaflethi aboniswa ngokuhleleka okukhethekile eduze kwe-treble noma i-bass clef. Izimpawu ezinjalo, uma zikhona, zibekwe (zikhunjuzwe) emugqeni ngamunye wamanothi. Futhi anomphumela okhethekile: wonke amanothi amakwe ngokucijile noma amaflethi kukhiye adlalwa njengama-Sharps noma amaflethi kuze kube sekupheleni komculo.

Isibonelo, uma ngemuva kwe-treble clef kunamanothi amabili abukhali - i-FA ne-DO, khona-ke nomaphi lapho sithola khona amanothi e-FA kanye ne-DO, sizowadlala ngokucijile. Yiqiniso, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zici ezibukhali zingakhanselwa yi-backs engahleliwe, kodwa lokhu, njengoba usuvele wazi, kuphela isikhathi esisodwa, bese kudlalwa futhi njengama-sharps.

Noma esinye isibonelo. Ngemuva kwe-bass clef kunamafulethi amane - SI, MI, LA kanye ne-RE. Senzenjani? Kunjalo, nomaphi lapho sithola khona lawa manothi, siwadlala acaba. Yilokho konke ukuhlakanipha.

Ukuhleleka okucacile nokuhleleka okuphansi

Ngendlela, izimpawu eziyinhloko azilokothi zibekwe ngemva kokhiye ngokungahleliwe, kodwa njalo ngokulandelana okuqinile. Wonke umculi ozihloniphayo kufanele akhumbule la ma-oda futhi awazi njalo. I-oda lama-Sharps lithi: FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI. Futhi ukuhleleka kwamafulethi kuwuhlelo olufanayo lwama-Sharps, kuphela i-topsy-turvy: SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA.

Okusho ukuthi, uma kukhona okubukhali okuthathu eduze kwesihluthulelo, lezi zizoba yi-FA, DO kanye ne-SALT - ezintathu zokuqala ngokulandelana, uma ezinhlanu, bese kuba yi-FA, DO, SALT, RE kanye ne-LA (ama-Sharps amahlanu ngokulandelana, kusukela isiqalo). Uma ngemva kokhiye sibona amafulethi amabili, khona-ke lawa azoba amafulethi e-SI ne-MI. Uyasiqonda isimiso?

Futhi manje enye into ebalulekile. Iqiniso liwukuthi izimpawu ezibalulekile aziboniswa kuphela ngokulandelana okuthile, kodwa futhi njalo kubabusi abafanayo. Esithombeni esizokwethulwa ngezansi, uzobona indawo efanele esigxotsheni sakho konke okubukhali okuyisikhombisa namaflethi ayisikhombisa ku-treble kanye ne-bass clef. Bheka futhi ubambe ngekhanda, noma okungcono nakakhulu - yibhale kabusha izikhathi ezimbalwa encwadini yakho yomculo. Gcwalisa isandla sakho, njengoba besho.

Ukuqokwa kwama-Sharps namaflethi ngesistimu yezinhlamvu

Cishe usuzwile ukuthi kunohlelo lwemisindo yokubhala amagama. Ngokwalesi simiso, amanothi abhalwe ngezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesiLatini: C, D, E, F, G, A, H. Izinhlamvu eziyisikhombisa zihambisana namanothi ayisikhombisa DO RE MI FA SOL LA kanye ne-SI. Kodwa ukuze uqoke amanothi ashintshile, esikhundleni samagama abukhali futhi ayisicaba, izijobelelo IS (ezibukhali) kanye no-ES (flat) zengezwa ezinhlamvwini. Ungafunda kabanzi ngalokhu nokuthi yiziphi izici nokuhlukile emithethweni okuku-athikili "Ukuqokwa kwencwadi yamanothi".

Futhi manje - umsebenzi womculo. Ukuze ukhumbule kangcono ukuthi ibukhali, i-flat ne-bekar iyini nokuthi ayini amandla abo, kanye nabafana abavela kuqoqo elithi "Fidgets", funda ingoma ka-L. Abelian eqoqweni elithi "Funny Solfeggio" mayelana nalezi zimpawu (buka ividiyo).