Tikhon Khrennikov |

Tikhon Khrennikov

“Ngibhala ngani? Mayelana nothando lokuphila. Ngikuthanda ukuphila kukho konke ukubonakaliswa kwayo futhi ngiyazisa kakhulu isimiso esiqinisekisa ukuphila kubantu.” Kula mazwi - ikhwalithi eyinhloko yobuntu bomqambi ophawulekayo waseSoviet, umculi wepiyano, umlingisi omkhulu womphakathi.

Umculo ubulokhu uyiphupho lami. Ukugcwaliseka kwaleli phupho kwaqala ebuntwaneni, lapho umqambi wesikhathi esizayo ehlala nabazali bakhe nabafowabo nodadewabo abaningi (wayengowokugcina, ingane yeshumi emndenini) e-Yelets. Yiqiniso, amakilasi omculo ngaleso sikhathi ayengahleliwe. Izifundo ezinzima zaqala eMoscow, ngo-1929 e-Music College. Gnesins no-M. Gnesin noG. Litinsky base beqhubeka e-Moscow Conservatory ekilasini lokuqamba lika-V. Shebalin (1932-36) nasekilasini lepiyano likaG. Neuhaus. Ngesikhathi ngisengumfundi, uKhrennikov wadala Ikhonsathi yakhe Yokuqala Yepiyano (1933) kanye ne-First Symphony (1935), eyathola ngokushesha ukuqashelwa okuvumelanayo kokubili abalaleli nabaculi abaqeqeshiwe. "Maye, injabulo, ukuhlupheka nenjabulo" - yile ndlela umqambi ngokwakhe achaza ngayo umqondo we-First Symphony, futhi lesi siqalo esiqinisekisa ukuphila saba isici esiyinhloko somculo wakhe, ogcina njalo umuzwa wobusha we-full- igazi lokuba. Ukugqama okucacile kwezithombe zomculo ezitholakala kule symphony kwakungesinye isici sesitayela somqambi, esanquma esikhathini esizayo isithakazelo esiqhubekayo ezinhlotsheni zesiteji somculo. (Encwadini yokuphila kuka-Khrennikov kukhona ngisho ... umdlalo wokulingisa! Efilimini eqondiswe ngu-Y. Raizman "Isitimela Siya EMpumalanga" (1947), wadlala indawo ye-Sailor.) U-Khrennikov waqala ukudlala njengomqambi wetiyetha. indawo e-Moscow Theatre for Children, eqondiswa u-N. Sats (play ” Mick, 1934), kodwa impumelelo yangempela yafika lapho e-Theater. U-E. Vakhtangov wenza umdlalo wamahlaya ka-V. Shakespeare othi “Much Ado About Nothing” (1936) ngomculo ka-Khrennikov.

Kukulo msebenzi lapho isipho somqambi somculo esikhululekile, esiyimfihlo enkulu yomculo wakhe, saqala ukudalulwa ngokugcwele. Izingoma ezidlalwa lapha ngokushesha zaduma ngendlela engavamile. Futhi emisebenzini elandelayo yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ne-cinema, izingoma ezintsha zavela njalo, ezivele zangena ekuphileni kwansuku zonke futhi azikalahlekelwa ubuhle bazo. "Ingoma YaseMoscow", "Njenge-nightingale mayelana ne-rose", "Isikebhe", "Lullaby of Svetlana", "Yini ephazanyiswa inhliziyo", "I-March of the Artillerymen" - lezi nezinye izingoma eziningi zikaKhrennikov zaqala izimpilo zabo emidlalweni namafilimu.

Ingoma yaba yisisekelo sesitayela somculo somqambi, futhi imidlalo yaseshashalazini yayinquma kakhulu izimiso zokuthuthuka komculo. Izindikimba zomculo-izithombe emisebenzini yakhe ziguqulwa kalula, zilalela ngokukhululekile imithetho yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene - kungaba i-opera, i-ballet, i-symphony, ikhonsathi. Leli khono kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-metamorphoses lichaza isici esinjalo somsebenzi kaKhrennikov njengokubuyela okuphindaphindiwe esakhiweni esifanayo futhi, ngokufanele, umculo ezinguqulweni ezihlukahlukene zohlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, okusekelwe emculweni womdlalo othi “Much Ado About Nothing”, i-opera yamahlaya ethi “Much Ado About … Hearts” (1972) kanye ne-ballet ethi “Love for Love” (1982) kwakhiwa; Umculo womdlalo othi "Kudala" (1942) uvela efilimini ethi "The Hussar's Ballad" (1962) kanye ne-ballet yegama elifanayo (1979); umculo wefilimu i-The Duenna (1978) usetshenziswa ku-opera-musical Dorothea (1983).

Enye yezinhlobo eziseduze kakhulu noKhrennikov wumdlalo wamahlaya womculo. Lokhu kungokwemvelo, ngoba umqambi uthanda ihlaya, amahlaya, kalula futhi ngokwemvelo ujoyina ezimweni zamahlaya, ngcono kubo ubuhlakani, njengokungathi umema wonke umuntu ukuba wabelane ngenjabulo yokuzijabulisa futhi wamukele izimo zomdlalo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, uvame ukuphendukela ezihlokweni ezikude namahlaya kuphela. Ngakho. i-libretto ye-operetta One Hundred Devils and One Girl (1963) isekelwe ezintweni ezivela ekuphileni kwamahlelo enkolo ashiseka ngokweqile. Umqondo we-opera ethi Ithole Legolide (osekelwe kunoveli yegama elifanayo ka-I. Ilf no-E. Petrov) uveza izinkinga ezinkulu zesikhathi sethu; i-premiere yayo yenzeka ngo-1985.

Ngisho nalapho efunda e-Conservatory, uKhrennikov wayenombono wokubhala i-opera ngendikimba yokuguqulwa. Wayenza kamuva, wenza uhlobo lwe-trilogy yasesiteji: i-opera ethi Into the Storm (1939) esekelwe esakhiweni senoveli ka-N. Virta. "Isizungu" mayelana nezenzakalo ze-revolution, "Umama" ngokusho kukaM. Gorky (1957), umlando womculo "White Night" (1967), lapho ukuphila kwaseRussia ngobusuku bangaphambi kwe-Great October Socialist Revolution kuboniswa endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi. ukwelukwa kwemicimbi.

Kanye nezinhlobo zesiteji zomculo, umculo wezinsimbi uthatha indawo ebalulekile emsebenzini kaKhrennikov. Ungumbhali wama-symphonies amathathu (1935, 1942, 1974), upiyano amathathu (1933, 1972, 1983), i-violin emibili (1959, 1975), amakhonsathi amabili e-cello (1964, 1986). Uhlobo lwekhonsathi luheha kakhulu umqambi futhi lubonakala kuye ngenjongo yalo yakudala - njengomncintiswano wokugubha ojabulisayo phakathi komculi oyedwa kanye ne-orchestra, eduze nesenzo seshashalazi esithandwa kakhulu nguKhrennikov. Ukuma kwentando yeningi okukhona kulolu hlobo kuhambisana nezinhloso zobuciko zombhali, ohlale elwela ukuxhumana nabantu ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu. Enye yalezi zindlela umsebenzi wopiyano wekhonsathi, owaqala ngo-June 21, 1933 eHholo Elikhulu laseMoscow Conservatory futhi usuqhubeke isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka. Ebusheni bakhe, njengomfundi e-conservatory, u-Khrennikov wabhala kwenye yezincwadi zakhe: "Manje banake ukuphakamisa izinga lamasiko ... ngifuna ngempela ukwenza ...

Amazwi abonakala eyisiprofetho. Ngo-1948, u-Khrennikov wakhethwa Jikelele, kusukela ngo-1957 - uNobhala Wokuqala weBhodi le-Union of Composers yase-USSR.

Kanye nemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu yezenhlalakahle, uKhrennikov wafundisa iminyaka eminingi eMoscow Conservatory (kusukela ngo-1961). Kubonakala sengathi lo mculi uphila ngomqondo okhethekile wesikhathi, enweba ngokungapheli imingcele yawo futhi egcwalisa ngenani elikhulu lezinto okunzima ukuzicabanga ngesilinganiso sokuphila komuntu oyedwa.

O. Averyanova