Alfred Brendel |

U-Alfred Brendel

Ngandlela thize, kancane kancane, ngaphandle kwemizwa nomsindo wokukhangisa, maphakathi nawo-70s u-Alfred Brendel wangena phambili kungcweti bophiyano lwesimanje. Kuze kube muva nje, igama lakhe lalibizwa kanye namagama ontanga nabafundi akanye nabo - I. Demus, P. Badur-Skoda, I. Hebler; namuhla itholakala kaningi ihlanganiswe namagama ezikhanyiso ezifana ne-Kempf, Richter noma Gilels. Ubizwa ngokuthi omunye wabafanelekayo futhi, mhlawumbe, umlandeli ofaneleka kakhulu ka-Edwin Fisher.

Kulabo abajwayele ukuvela kokudala komdwebi, lokhu kuqokwa akukona okungalindelekile: kunjengokungathi, kunqunywe kusengaphambili inhlanganisela ejabulisayo yedatha yepiyano ekhaliphile, ubuhlakani kanye nesimo sengqondo, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuvumelana kwethalente, ngisho. nakuba uBrendel engazange ayithole imfundo ehlelekile. Iminyaka yakhe yobuntwana yachithwa eZagreb, lapho abazali bomculi wesikhathi esizayo begcina khona ihhotela elincane, futhi indodana yakhe yakhonza igramafoni endala ekhefi, eyaba "uthisha" wakhe wokuqala womculo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana ethatha izifundo kuthisha u-L. Kaan, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wayethanda ukudweba futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-17 wayengakanqumi ukuthi yimuphi umkhakha wobungcweti ongakhetha kuwo. UBrendle unikeze ilungelo lokukhetha ... emphakathini: ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlela umbukiso wemidwebo yakhe eGraz, lapho umndeni wathutha khona, futhi wenza ikhonsathi eyedwa. Ngokusobala, impumelelo yomdlali wepiyano yaba yinhle, ngoba manje kwakhethwa.

• Umculo wepiyano esitolo se-inthanethi se-Ozon →

Ingqophamlando yokuqala endleleni yobuciko kaBrendel kwaba ukunqoba ngo-1949 emqhudelwaneni owawusanda kusungulwa we-Busoni Piano e-Bolzano. Wamlethela udumo (oluthobekile kakhulu), kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, waqinisa inhloso yakhe yokuthuthuka. Sekuyiminyaka eminingana ehambela izifundo zobungcweti eziholwa ngu-Edwin Fischer eLucerne, ethatha izifundo ku-P. Baumgartner kanye no-E. Steuermann. Ehlala eVienna, uBrendel ujoyina umthala wabashayi bopiyano abasebasha abanesiphiwo abagqama ngemva kwempi e-Austria, kodwa ekuqaleni uthatha indawo engagqamile kunabanye abameleli bawo. Nakuba bonke base bevele baziwa kakhulu e-Europe nangale kwayo, uBrendle wayesabhekwa “njengesithembiso”. Futhi lokhu kungokwemvelo ngezinga elithile. Ngokungafani nontanga yakhe, wakhetha, mhlawumbe, eqondile kakhulu, kodwa kude nendlela elula kwezobuciko: akazange azivale ekamelweni lezemfundo, njengo-Badura-Skoda, akazange aphendukele ekusizeni izinsimbi zasendulo, njengoDemus, akazange agxile kumlobi oyedwa noma ababili, njengoHebler, akazange agijime "kusuka eBeethoven kuya ku-jazz nangemuva", njengoGulda. Wavele wafisa ukuba nguye, okungukuthi, umculi “ovamile”. Futhi ekugcineni kwakhokha, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha.

Maphakathi nawo-60s, Brendel wakwazi ukuhamba azungeze amazwe amaningi, wavakashela e-United States, futhi waqopha amarekhodi lapho, ngokusikisela inkampani Vox, cishe iqoqo eliphelele lemisebenzi upiyano Beethoven. Umbuthano wezithakazelo zomculi osemusha wawusuvele ubanzi ngaleso sikhathi. Phakathi kokurekhodiwe kukaBrendle, sizothola imisebenzi eqhelelene nejwayelekile yomdlali wopiyano wesizukulwane sakhe - Izithombe zika-Mussorgsky Embukisweni, i-Islamey ka-Balakirev. I-Perushka kaStravinsky, Izingcezu (op. 19) kanye ne-Concerto (op. 42) ka-Schoenberg, isebenza ngu-R. Strauss no-Busoni's Contrapuntal Fantasy, futhi ekugcineni i-Concerto yesihlanu ka-Prokofiev. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, uBrendle ubambe iqhaza kakhulu futhi ngokuzithandela kuma-ensembles e-chamber: uqophe umjikelezo we-Schubert othi "The Beautiful Miller's Girl" no-G. Prey, i-Sonata ka-Bartok yamaPiyano Amabili anePercussion, Ipiyano ka-Beethoven kanye ne-Mozart kanye ne-Wind Quintets, i-Brahms' Hungarian. Imidanso kanye nekhonsathi ka-Stravinsky yamaPiyano Amabili … Kodwa enhliziyweni yerepertoire yakhe, kukho konke lokho, ingasoze yabuna yase-Viennese – uMozart, u-Beethoven, uSchubert, kanye – no-Liszt no-Schumann. Emuva ngo-1962, ubusuku bakhe be-Beethoven baqashelwa njengenhloko yoMkhosi we-Vienna olandelayo. “Ngokungangabazeki uBrandl ungummeleli obaluleke kakhulu wesikole esisha saseViennese,” kubhala umgxeki uF. Vilnauer ngaleso sikhathi. “U-Beethoven uzwakala kuye sengathi uyayazi impumelelo yababhali besimanje. Inikeza ubufakazi obukhuthazayo bokuthi phakathi kwezinga lamanje lokuqanjwa kanye nezinga lokuqaphela otolika kukhona ukuxhumana okujulile kwangaphakathi, okuyivelakancane kakhulu phakathi kwemikhuba kanye nama-virtuosos adlala emahholo ethu ekhonsathi. Bekuwukuvuma ukucabanga okujulile kwesimanje komdwebi. Ngokushesha, ngisho nochwepheshe onjengo-I. Kaiser umbiza ngokuthi “isazi sefilosofi upiyano emkhakheni kaBeethoven, Liszt, Schubert”, futhi inhlanganisela yomoya ovunguzayo kanye nobuhlakani obuhlakaniphile bumenza aqanjwe ngokuthi “isazi sefilosofi sasendle”. Phakathi kokufaneleka okungangabazeki kokudlala kwakhe, abagxeki bathi ukushuba okukhangayo komcabango nomuzwa, ukuqonda okuhle kakhulu kwemithetho yefomu, i-architectonics, indlela enengqondo nesikali sokuhlukaniswa okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokucatshangelwa kohlelo lokusebenza. “Lokhu kudlalwa indoda eyaqaphela futhi yakwenza kwacaca ukuthi kungani ifomu le-sonata likhula futhi ngakuphi,” kubhala uKaiser, ebhekisela ekuchazeni kwakhe uBeethoven.

Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, amaphutha amaningi ekudlaleni kukaBrendle nawo abonakala ngaleso sikhathi - indlela yokuziphatha, imisho ehlosiwe, ubuthakathaka be-cantilena, ukungakwazi ukudlulisa ubuhle bomculo olula, ongenasizotha; ngaphandle kwesizathu omunye wababuyekezi wameluleka ukuba alalelisise incazelo ka-E. Gilels ye-sonata kaBeethoven (Op. 3, No. 2) “ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini efihliwe kulo mculo.” Ngokusobala, umculi ozigxekayo futhi ohlakaniphile walalela lawa macebiso, ngoba ukudlala kwakhe kuba lula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kucacile, kuphelele kakhulu.

Ukweqa kwekhwalithi okwenzeka kwaletha ukuqashelwa kukaBrendle emhlabeni wonke ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s. Isiqalo sodumo lwakhe kwakuyikhonsathi eWigmore Hall yaseLondon, okwathi ngemva kwalokho udumo nezinkontileka zawela kumculi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uye wadlala futhi waqopha okuningi, ngaphandle kokushintsha, nokho, ukuqonda kwakhe kwemvelo ekukhetheni nasekufundeni imisebenzi.

UBrendle, nazo zonke izithakazelo zakhe, akazami ukuba umdlali wopiyano wendawo yonke, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, manje usethambekele ekuzithibeni emkhakheni we-repertory. Izinhlelo zakhe zihlanganisa u-Beethoven (o-sonatas yakhe ayiqopha kabili kumarekhodi), iningi lemisebenzi kaSchubert, Mozart, Liszt, Brahms, Schumann. Kodwa akadlali u-Bach nhlobo (ekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kudinga izinsimbi zasendulo) no-Chopin ("Ngiyawuthanda umculo wakhe, kodwa kudinga ukukhethekile kakhulu, futhi lokhu kungisongela ngokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana nabanye abaqambi").

Ukuhlala ezwakalisa ngokungaguquki, egcwele imizwa, ukudlala kwakhe manje sekuvumelana kakhulu, umsindo muhle kakhulu, imisho inothe. Okubonisayo mayelana nalokhu ukusebenza kwakhe kwekhonsathi ye-Schoenberg, okuwukuphela komqambi wesimanje, kanye no-Prokofiev, osasele ku-repertoire yomdlali wopiyano. Ngokusho komunye wabagxeki, wasondela eduze kokuhle, ukuchazwa kwayo kunoGould, "ngoba wakwazi ukusindisa ngisho nobuhle uSchoenberg ayebufuna, kodwa wehluleka ukubukhipha."

U-Alfred Brendel udlule endleleni eqonde ngokwedlulele nengokwemvelo ukusuka ku-novice virtuoso ukuya kumculi ovelele. “Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, uyena kuphela owawathethelela ngokugcwele amathemba ayebekwe kuye ngaleso sikhathi,” kubhala I. Harden, ebhekisela entsheni yaleso sizukulwane sabadlali bopiyano baseVienne uBrendel ayingxenye yaso. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umgwaqo oqondile okhethwe nguBrendle ubungelula neze, ngakho-ke namanje amandla awo asesekude nokuphelelwa amandla. Lokhu kufakazelwa ngokugculisayo hhayi kuphela ngamakhonsathi akhe yedwa kanye nokuqoshwa kwakhe, kodwa nayimisebenzi kaBrendel engapheli nehlukahlukene emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Uyaqhubeka ukwenza ensembles ekamelweni, noma ukuqopha zonke izingoma Schubert sika ezine-izandla Evelyn Crochet, the laureate of the Tchaikovsky Competition esimaziyo, noma enza imijikelezo vocal Schubert kanye D. Fischer-Dieskau emahholo amakhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu naseMelika; ubhala izincwadi nezindatshana, izinkulumo ngezinkinga zokuhumusha umculo kaSchumann noBeethoven. Konke lokhu kuphishekela umgomo owodwa oyinhloko - ukuqinisa ukuxhumana nomculo nabalaleli, futhi abalaleli bethu ekugcineni bakwazi ukukubona lokhu "ngamehlo abo" phakathi nohambo lukaBrendel e-USSR ngo-1988.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990