Israel Philharmonic Orchestra |

I-Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

Ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi umhlaba uqukethe ama-symphony orchestra kuphela. Futhi lokhu, empeleni, kuhle, ngoba kubonisa ukulangazelela kwabantu yonke indawo umsindo ozwakalayo womhlaba wonke nokuzwakalayo kwezwe - ukuzwana kwabantu ku-orchestra ye-Being.

Kuhle, ama-orchestra afanele ubuciko, nokho, Ngokuphambene nalokho. Futhi iziphetho zokuhlola kusukela ekuboneni imizamo yabo yokudala oh indlela ehluke ngayo - imibandela ngokwayo ihambisana nesilinganiso sobuntu "bejaji" kanye nemfashini ekhona endaweni ethile yobuciko.

I-Philharmonic yakwa-Israel ingomunye walabo abafanele u-Art, omunye wendilinga ekhanyayo “okungenakubalwa”.

I-Israel Philharmonic (ekuqaleni "i-Palestinian Orchestra"), eyasungulwa embonweni ojulile wangaphakathi ngumshayi wevayolini ovelele wasePoland uBronislav Huberman futhi wenza okokuqala - ngaphansi kwenduku ka-Arturo Toscanini - eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-75 edlule ngoDisemba 1936, manje. ivakashela inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia nomqondisi wayo wezobuciko wesikhathi eside futhi ongaguquki uZubin Meta, ngicabanga, hhayi nhlobo ukuze "ngimangale" ngokukhazimula okukhazimulayo kwepolishi eyimpuphu kanye "nokushaqeka" ngesitayela sokwenza esisibekela Umculo ngokwawo. Ngiqinisekile ukuthi akukhona lokho.

Kodwa ngalokho kuphela (ngingacabanga ngokuzethemba, ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​​​okugxilile kokubona ukudlalwa kwaleli qembu eliyingqayizivele labaculi abaziwayo nabacula ngabodwana), ukuphimisa kusukela ekuphakameni kwendalo emikhulu eyami, egcwele ubuqiniso isipiliyoni Seqiniso, owazalwa kusukela Umoya Womculo ukuzwakala iZwiesiholela ku Ukuzwa iqiniso kithi ngokwethu.

К Umoya womculo I-Israel Philharmonic ihileleke nakanjani. I-“Egmont” kanye ne-Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony, ehlukaniswe ngokuhlanganyela kuseyili wekhonsathi ukuze kulungiswe indawo futhi kucwiliswe ekugelezeni komnyakazo ongapheli ka-Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto - yonke le misebenzi ixhunywe ngemibalabala eminingi ekhazimulayo. intambo.

“Unamandla, mncane, usobala futhi ulula”. Lokhu kuvela enkondlweni kaZinaida Gippius "Uchungechunge" (1901), equkethe imigqa yombono ebalulekile: “Sijwayele ukwazisa into eyodwa engacacile. / Emafindo aphithene, ngohlobo oluthile lwenkanuko yamanga / Sifuna ubuqili, singakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka / Ukuhlanganisa ubukhulu nobulula emphefumulweni. / … Futhi umphefumulo ocashile ulula njengalolu chungechunge”.

Sizohlangana kule khonsathi yaseMoscow ngomphefumulo ocashile we-Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, ekhuliswe uZubin Mehta, exhumana nezingcweti zomhlaba eziphakeme futhi ethola amandla amasha ekhono nomuzwa.

I-Mastery nali ithuluzi lokubonisa ubuciko, ukufisa Umoya womculo.

Lapha bayabona ukuthi (ukusebenzisa amagama kaGogol angaphelelwa yisikhathi) “Kungase kube nesigaba sayo esiphakeme kakhulu kwezobuciko, ngaphezu kwalesi esimi kuso kule minyaka yemfashini yamanje!”...

Akulula kakhulu ukuqoka "indawo yokubhalisa" ye-Israel Philharmonic: yiqiniso, i-Israel efanelekile, i-European, futhi "isiRashiya" (abaculi abaningi be-orchestra bavela eRussia). Isikole esidlalayo saseRussia kanye nesiko lokudlala i-orchestra kuye kwakha ubuciko obuyingqayizivele obuphelele nesiko lokudlala laseYurophu, kokubili esimweni sokucabanga kwe-orchestra kanye nokuzazi kwangaphakathi kwabaculi.

UBronislav Huberman, owakhulelwa yiqembu njenge "orchestra of soloists", wabutha abaculi abanekhono kakhulu abaphoqeleka ukuba bathuthe eYurophu, bebalekela i-fascism.

Iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nengxenye edlule iye yaqinisa igama elihle le-orchestra futhi yaletha izimfanelo ezintsha kwezobuciko bayo.

Abaqhubi abavelele (okuhlanganisa u-Leonard Bernstein, u-Daniel Barenboim, u-Lorin Maazel, u-Valery Gergiev…) badlale ne-Israel Philharmonic yamanje futhi badlale ngempumelelo.

Sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-45, umdabu waseBombay, umqhubi ovelele, uZubin Mehta ehlotshaniswa ngobuciko ne-Philharmonic yakwa-Israel: kusukela ngo-1969 ube ngumxhumanisi womculo we-orchestra, kusukela ngo-1977 - umqondisi wezobuciko, ngo-1981 lesi sihloko sanikezwa. yena impilo yakhe yonke. Kulokhu, i-Meta inikeza isibonakaliso ngokuphindaphindiwe ukukhumbula isipiliyoni esiyingqayizivele somqhubi omkhulu waseRussia u-Yevgeny Mravinsky, okwathi iminyaka engaphezu kwesigamu sekhulu ehola i-Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra eyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke.

Futhi ngomqondo nje wokuqamba, uZubin Mehta, ohlonipha ngokujulile uMravinsky, uhlotshaniswa kufanele emqondweni wami nendawo yokugcina izimpahla ka-Mravinsky - umcabango ongokomoya kanye neciko elishisekayo phambi koBuso bomculo, elikhuthaza ku-orchestra ngaphandle "kokulawula. ” ubudlova, kodwa ngamandla othando.

Ngaqala ukubona nokuzwa u-Zubin Meta, esemncane impela, emcimbini womculo odumile wasePrague Spring ekuqaleni kwawo-60s. Kusukela lapho sengiyilalele izikhathi eziningi.

I-meta ayizihumushi yona, kodwa umsebenzi. Isipho sakhe "somuzwa" wenhloso wokuqanjwa kusisondeza eduze Umoya womculo futhi kusivumela ukuba sikhumbule amazwi ka-ETA Hoffmann ekubuyekezeni kwakhe ukusebenza kwe-Fourth Symphony ka-Beethoven: “Umculi wangempela uphila ngendalo ngokuphelele, ayibona ngomoya wenkosi, futhi wenza ngomoya ofanayo, edebeselela isifiso sokuveza ubuntu bakhe ngandlela-thile”.

Ubuntu nakho konke okusivulela phezulu kusuka ohlangothini oluhle kakhulu. Ubuntu bukaZubin Meta, umculi oqotho, imbongi yephimbo ekubizeni umcabango womculo, umqhubi ohlakaniphile ozinikele emalungwini akhe e-orchestra - ebukekayo njalo futhi engavamile. Ukhuthaza ukuzethemba…

Isimo somphakathi waseMoscow maqondana ne-orchestra kanye nomqhubi sizondiza emoyeni we-PI Tchaikovsky.

U-Andrey Zolotov, uProfessor, Isisebenzi Sobuciko Esihlonishwayo saseRussia Federation (umbhalo ohlinzekwe yiNxusa Lombuso Wakwa-Israyeli eRussian Federation)

Ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezivela encwajaneni esemthethweni yohambo lokugubha usuku lwaseMoscow