Yini okufanele ayifunde umculi oqalayo? Yiziphi izincwadi ozisebenzisayo esikoleni somculo?

Ungaya kanjani ku-opera futhi uthole injabulo kuphela kuyo, hhayi ukudumazeka? Ungakugwema kanjani ukulala ngesikhathi samakhonsathi e-symphony, bese uzisola ngokuthi konke kwaphela ngokushesha? Singawuqonda kanjani umculo, lapho uqala nje, ubonakala uyisidala ngokuphelele?

Kuvele ukuthi noma ngubani angafunda konke lokhu. Izingane zifundiswa lokhu esikoleni somculo (futhi ngempumelelo kakhulu, kufanele ngisho), kodwa noma yimuphi umuntu omdala angakwazi kahle zonke izimfihlo ngokwakhe. Incwadi yezincwadi zomculo izosiza. Futhi asikho isidingo sokwesaba igama elithi "textbook". Yeka ukuthi incwadi yomntwana iyini, kumuntu omdala “incwadi yezinganekwane enezithombe,” ehlaba umxhwele futhi ehlaba umxhwele “ngokuthakazelisayo” kwayo.

Mayelana nesihloko "izincwadi zomculo"

Mhlawumbe esinye sezifundo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezithathwa ngabafundi besikole somculo izincwadi zomculo. Kokuqukethwe kwayo, lesi sifundo sithi sikhumbuza isifundo sezincwadi esifundwa esikoleni samabanga aphakeme esivamile: kuphela esikhundleni sababhali - abaqambi, esikhundleni sezinkondlo nephrozi - imisebenzi yomculo engcono kakhulu yezingasoze zabuna kanye nezikhathi zanamuhla.

Ulwazi olunikezwa ezifundweni zezincwadi zomculo luthuthukisa i-erudition futhi lunwebe ngokungavamile ama-horizons abaculi abasebasha emikhakheni yomculo ngokwawo, umlando wasekhaya nowangaphandle, izinganekwane, imidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye nemidwebo. Lolu lwazi luphinde lube nomthelela oqondile ezifundweni zomculo ezisebenzayo (ukudlala insimbi yomculo).

Wonke umuntu kufanele afunde izincwadi zomculo

Ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni kwayo okukhethekile, inkambo yezincwadi zomculo inganconywa kubantu abadala noma abaculi abaqala ukuzifundisa. Asikho esinye isifundo somculo esinikeza ukuphelela kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nomculo, umlando wawo, izitayela, izinkathi nabaqambi, izinhlobo namafomu, izinsimbi zomculo namazwi okucula, izindlela zokusebenza nokuqanjwa, izindlela zokukhuluma kanye namathuba omculo, njll.

Yini ngempela oyihlanganisayo esifundweni sezincwadi zomculo?

Izincwadi zomculo ziyisifundo esiyimpoqo ukuthi sifundwe kuyo yonke iminyango yesikole somculo. Lesi sifundo sifundiswa eminyakeni emine, lapho abaculi abasebasha bejwayelana nenqwaba yemisebenzi yobuciko nomculo eyahlukene.

Unyaka wokuqala - "Umculo, amafomu nezinhlobo zawo"

Unyaka wokuqala, njengomthetho, uzinikele ezindabeni mayelana nezindlela eziyisisekelo zomculo zokukhuluma, izinhlobo namafomu, izinsimbi zomculo, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-orchestra nama-ensembles, indlela yokulalela nokuqonda umculo ngendlela efanele.

Unyaka wesibili - "Izincwadi zomculo zangaphandle"

Unyaka wesibili uvame ukuhloswe ngawo ukuphumelela ungqimba lwamasiko omculo angaphandle. Indaba ngayo iqala kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, ngeNkathi Ephakathi kuya kubaqambi abakhulu. Abaqambi abayisithupha bagqanyiswa ezindikimbeni ezinkulu ezihlukene futhi bafundwa ezifundweni ezimbalwa. Lona ngumqambi waseJalimane wenkathi ye-Baroque u-JS Bach, "izakudala zase-Viennese" - u-J. Haydn, u-VA Mozart no-L. van Beethoven, ama-romantics F. Schubert no-F. Chopin. Baningi impela abaqambi bothando; asikho isikhathi esanele sokujwayelana nomsebenzi wabo ngamunye ezifundweni zesikole, kodwa umbono ojwayelekile womculo we-romanticism unikezwa.

UWolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Uma sibheka imisebenzi, incwadi yezincwadi zomculo zamazwe angaphandle isethula ohlwini oluhlaba umxhwele lwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Lena i-opera kaMozart ethi “The Marriage of Figaro” esekelwe esakhiweni sombhali wemidlalo waseFrance uBeaumarchais, kanye nama-symphonies angu-4 – ka-Haydn’s 103 (okuthiwa “With tremolo timpani”), i-symphony ka-Mozart yama-40 yodumo ye-G minor, i-Beesymphony’s. No. 5 “nendikimba” yayo Isiphetho nesithi “Unfinished Symphony” kaSchubert; phakathi kwemisebenzi emikhulu ye-symphonic, ukuguqulwa kuka-Beethoven "Egmont" kufakiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucwaningwa ama-sonata wepiyano – i-sonata yesi-8 ka-Beethoven “Pathetique”, i-sonata ka-Mozart yeshumi nanye ne-“Turkish Rondo” yayo edumile ekugcineni kanye nesonata sika-Haydn esikhazimulayo sika-D esikhulu. Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yepiyano, le ncwadi yethula ama-etudes, ama-nocturnes, ama-polonaise nama-mazurkas ngumqambi omkhulu wasePoland u-Chopin. Imisebenzi yezwi nayo iyafundwa – izingoma zikaSchubert, ingoma yakhe ekhaliphile yomkhuleko ethi “Ave Maria”, ingoma ethi “The Forest King” esuselwe embhalweni kaGoethe, intandokazi yawo wonke umuntu ethi “Evening Serenade”, inqwaba yezinye izingoma, kanye nomjikelezo wezwi “ Umfazi KaMiller Omuhle”.

Unyaka wesithathu "Izincwadi zomculo zaseRussia zekhulu le-19"

Unyaka wesithathu wokufunda uzinikele ngokuphelele emculweni waseRussia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Imiphi imibuzo engathinteki ezahlukweni zokuqala, ezikhuluma ngomculo wesintu, mayelana nobuciko bokucula besonto, ngemvelaphi yobuciko bezwe, mayelana nabaqambi abakhulu benkathi yasendulo - uBortnyansky noBerezovsky, mayelana nomsebenzi wothando weVarlamov, Gurilev, Alyabyev futhi Verstovsky.

Izibalo zabaqambi abayisithupha abakhulu ziphinde zibekwe phambili njengezimaphakathi: MI Glinka, AS Dargomyzhsky, AP Borodina, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, PI Tchaikovsky. Ngamunye wabo akabonakali nje njengomculi ohlakaniphile, kodwa futhi njengobuntu obuyingqayizivele. Isibonelo, uGlinka ubizwa ngokuthi umsunguli womculo we-classic waseRussia, uDargomyzhsky ubizwa ngokuthi uthisha weqiniso lomculo. U-Borodin, njengosokhemisi, waqamba umculo kuphela "ngezimpelasonto", futhi uMussorgsky noTchaikovsky, ngokuphambene nalokho, bashiya inkonzo yabo ngenxa yomculo; U-Rimsky-Korsakov ebusheni bakhe waqala ukuzungeza umhlaba.

I-MI Glinka opera "Ruslan noLyudmila"

Izinto zomculo ezikwaziyo kulesi sigaba ziningi futhi zibucayi. Ngokuhamba konyaka, kwenziwa uchungechunge lonke lwama-opera amakhulu aseRussia: "Ivan Susanin", "Ruslan noLyudmila" kaGlinka, "Rusalka" kaDargomyzhsky, "Prince Igor" kaBorodin, "Boris Godunov" nguMussorgsky, "I-Snow Maiden", "Sadko" kanye ne "Tale of the Tsar" Saltana "kaRimsky-Korsakov, "Eugene Onegin" kaTchaikovsky. Ngokujwayelana nalawa ma-opera, abafundi bahlangana ngokuzenzakalelayo nezincwadi zezincwadi ezakha isisekelo sabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sikhuluma ngokuqondile ngesikole somculo, khona-ke le misebenzi yakudala yezincwadi ifundwa ngaphambi kokuba ihlanganiswe esikoleni semfundo evamile - akusiyo yini inzuzo lokhu?

Ngaphezu kwama-operas, phakathi nenkathi efanayo, izithandani eziningi zifundwa (uGlinka, uDargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky), phakathi kwazo futhi ezibhalwe izinkondlo zezimbongi ezinkulu zaseRussia. Kukhona futhi ama-symphonies adlalwayo – “Iqhawe” lika-Borodin, “Amaphupho Asebusika” kanye “ne-Pathetique” ka-Tchaikovsky, kanye ne-symphonic suite ehlakaniphile ka-Rimsky-Korsakov – “i-Scheherazade” esekelwe ezinganekwaneni ze-“A Thousand and One Nights”. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yepiyano umuntu angasho imijikelezo emikhulu: “Izithombe Embukisweni” kaMussorgsky kanye nethi “The Seasons” kaTchaikovsky.

Unyaka wesine - "Umculo wasekhaya wekhulu lama-20"

Incwadi yesine yezincwadi zomculo ihambisana nonyaka wesine wokufundisa lesi sifundo. Kulokhu, izithakazelo zabafundi zigxile ekuqondeni komculo waseRussia wekhulu lama-20 nelama-21. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zangaphambilini zezincwadi eziphathelene nezincwadi zomculo, lena yakamuva ibuyekezwa njalo ngendlela efiselekayo - okokufundisa kudwetshwe kabusha ngokuphelele, kugcwele ulwazi mayelana nezimpumelelo zakamuva zomculo wezemfundo.

I-ballet ye-SS Prokofiev "Romeo noJuliet"

Umagazini wesine ukhuluma ngezimpumelelo zabaqambi abanjengo-SV Rachmaninov, AN Scriabin, IF Stravinsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, GV Sviridov, kanye nomthala wonke wabaqambi bezikhathi zakamuva noma zesimanje - VA Gavrilina, RK Shchedrina. , EV Tishchenko nabanye.

Uhlu lwemisebenzi ehlaziywe lukhula ngendlela engavamile. Akudingekile ukubala zonke; kwanele ukubiza kuphela imisebenzi yobuciko efana nekhonsathi yePiyano yesibili eyintandokazi kaRachmaninoff, ama-ballet adumile kaStravinsky (“Petrushka”, “Firebird”) noProkofiev (“Romeo noJuliet”, “Cinderella” “), “Leningrad” I-Symphony kaShostakovich, "Inkondlo Yenkumbulo kaSergei Yesenin" kaSviridov kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi ehlakaniphile.

Yiziphi izincwadi eziphathelene nezincwadi zomculo ezikhona?

Namuhla azikho izinketho eziningi zezincwadi zokufunda ezincwadini zomculo zesikole, kodwa kusekhona "izinhlobonhlobo". Ezinye zezincwadi zokuqala ezasetshenziselwa ukutadisha ngobuningi kwakuyizincwadi ezivela ochungechungeni lwezincwadi zezincwadi zomculo zombhali u-IA Prokhorova. Ababhali abaningi besimanje abadumile - VE Bryantseva, OI Averyanova.

Umbhali wezincwadi zezincwadi zomculo, cishe lonke izwe manje ufunda, - Maria Shornikova. Unezincwadi zawo wonke amazinga amane okufundisa lesi sifundo esikoleni. Kuhle ukuthi kuhlelo lwakamuva izincwadi zokufunda nazo zifakwe idiski elinerekhodi lemisebenzi ehlanganiswe ekusebenzeni okungcono kakhulu - lokhu kuxazulula inkinga yokuthola izinto zomculo ezidingekayo zezifundo, umsebenzi wesikole wasekhaya, noma isifundo sokuzimela. Ezinye izincwadi eziningi ezinhle kakhulu zezincwadi zomculo zisanda kuvela. Ngiyakuphinda lokho Abantu abadala bangafunda nezincwadi ezinjalo ngenzuzo enkulu.

Lezi zincwadi zokufunda zithengiswa ngokushesha ezitolo futhi akulula ukuzithola. Into ukuthi zishicilelwa ngezinguqulo ezincane kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha ziphenduke zibe yivelakancane ye-bibliographic. Ukuze ungachithi isikhathi sakho ukusesha, ngiphakamisa oda lonke uchungechunge lwalezi zincwadi zokufunda ngokuqondile kuleli khasi ngamanani omshicileli: vele uchofoze inkinobho ethi "Thenga" bese ufaka i-oda lakho efasiteleni lesitolo se-inthanethi elivelayo. Okulandelayo, khetha indlela yokukhokha neyokulethwa. Futhi esikhundleni sokuchitha amahora uhambahamba ezitolo zezincwadi ufuna lezi zincwadi, uzozithola emizuzwini embalwa nje.

Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi namuhla, ngandlela-thile, ngenhlanhla, siqale ukukhuluma ngezincwadi ezizoba wusizo kunoma yimuphi umculi osafufusa noma othile othanda umculo wakudala. Yebo, noma ngabe lezi kuyizincwadi zokufunda, kodwa zama ukuzivula bese uyeka ukufunda?

Izincwadi zokufunda eziphathelene nezincwadi zomculo ziwuhlobo oluthile lwezincwadi ezingalungile, ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukubizwa ngokuthi izincwadi zokufunda. Abaculi bakusasa abahlanyayo bawasebenzisela ukufunda ezikoleni zabo zomculo ezingasile, futhi ebusuku, lapho abaculi abasebasha belele, abazali babo bafunda lezi zincwadi ngokuchichimayo, ngoba ziyathakazelisa! Lapha!