Philadelphia Orchestra |

Philadelphia Orchestra

Elinye lama-orchestra e-symphony ahamba phambili e-United States. Idalwe ngo-1900 ngumqhubi u-F. Schel ngesisekelo sama-semi-professional and amateur ensembles ayekhona e-Philadelphia kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Ikhonsathi yokuqala ye-Philadelphia Orchestra yenzeka ngoNovemba 16, 1900 ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaSchel ngokuhlanganyela komshayi wopiyano u-O. Gabrilovich, owenza i-First Piano Concerto kaTchaikovsky ne-Orchestra.

Ekuqaleni, i-Philadelphia Orchestra yayinabaculi abangaba ngu-80, iqembu lanikeza amakhonsathi angu-6 ngonyaka; kumasizini ambalwa alandelayo, i-orchestra yanda yaba abaculi abayi-100, inani lamakhonsathi lenyuka laya ku-44 ngonyaka.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-1, i-Philadelphia Orchestra yayiqhutshwa ngu-F. Weingartner, SV Rachmaninov, R. Strauss, E. d'Albert, I. Hoffmann, M. Sembrich, SV Rachmaninov, K. Sen -Sans, E. .Isai, F. Kreisler, J. Thibaut nabanye. Ngemva kokushona kukaShel (20), iPhiladelphia Orchestra yayiholwa nguK. Polig.

Ukukhula okusheshayo kwamakhono okudlala e-orchestra kuhlotshaniswa negama lika-L. Stokowski, owalihola kusukela ngo-1912. UStokowski wazuza ukunwetshwa kwe-repertoire futhi wakhuthaza ngenkuthalo umculo wesimanje. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, imisebenzi eminingi yenziwa e-USA okokuqala ngqa, kuhlanganise ne-Scriabin's 3rd Symphony (1915). 8th - Mahler (1918), Alpine - R. Strauss (1916), 5th, 6th and 7th symphonies of Sibelius (1926), 1st - Shostakovich (1928), inani lemisebenzi ka-IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov.

I-Philadelphia Orchestra isibe elinye lamaqembu ahamba phambili e-United States. Kusukela ngo-1931 u-Y. Ormandy wadlala ngezikhathi ezithile ne-Philadelphia Orchestra, ngo-1936 waba umqhubi wayo unomphela, futhi ngesizini ye-1938/39 wathatha indawo kaStokowski njengomqhubi omkhulu.

Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili ngo-2-1939 i-Philadelphia Orchestra yazuza idumela lelinye lama-orchestra amahle kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngo-45 leli qembu lavakashela iGreat Britain, ngo-1950 lenza uhambo olukhulu lwaseYurophu, ngo-1955 wanika amakhonsathi angu-1958 e-USSR (eMoscow, eLeningrad, Kyiv), elandelwa izinkambo eziningi emazweni amaningi omhlaba.

Ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke kwe-Philadelphia Orchestra kulethe ukuphelela komdlalo womculi ngamunye, ukuhlangana kweqoqo, ububanzi obushukumisayo obubanzi kakhulu. Abaqhubi abakhulu nabacula ngabodwana emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa nabaculi abaphambili baseSoviet, babambisene ne-orchestra: EG Gilels kanye noDF Oistrakh benza ama-debut abo e-USA, LB Kogan, Yu. Kh. Temirkanov ngokuvamile kwenziwa.

I-Philadelphia Orchestra inikeza amakhonsathi angaba ngu-130 ngonyaka; phakathi nenkathi yasebusika ziqhutshwa ehholo le-Academy of Music (izihlalo ezingu-3000), ehlobo - enkundleni yemidlalo yangaphandle "Robin Hood Dell".

MM Yakovlev

Abaqondisi bomculo:

• UFritz Scheel (1900-1907)
• UKarl Polig (1908-1912)
• ULeopold Stokowski (1912-1938)
• U-Eugene Ormandy (1936-1980, iminyaka emibili yokuqala noStokowski)
• U-Riccardo Muti (1980-1992)
• U-Wolfgang Sawallisch (1993-2003)
• UChristoph Eschenbach (2003-2008)
• UCharles Dutoit (2008-2010)
• U-Yannick Neze-Seguin (kusukela ngo-2010)

Osesithombeni: I-Philadelphia Orchestra eholwa nguYannick Nézet-Séguin (Ryan Donnell)