Yimaphi ama-opera abhalwa nguMozart? 5 ama-opera aziwa kakhulu

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe okufushane, u-Mozart wadala inqwaba yemisebenzi yomculo ehlukene, kodwa yena ngokwakhe wayebheka ama-opera njengebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe. Sekukonke, wabhala ama-opera angu-21, owokuqala, u-Apollo noHyacinth, eneminyaka engu-10, futhi imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yenzeke eminyakeni eyishumi yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe. Iziqephu ngokuvamile zihambisana nokuthandwa kwangaleso sikhathi, okubonisa amaqhawe asendulo (i-opera seria) noma, njengaku-opera buffa, abalingisi abaqanjiwe nabanobuqili.

Umuntu okhuliswe ngempela kufanele azi ukuthi ama-opera abhalwe nguMozart, noma okungenani adume kakhulu kuwo.

"Umshado kaFigaro"

Elinye lama-opera adume kakhulu elithi “The Marriage of Figaro”, elabhalwa ngo-1786 ngokusekelwe emdlalweni kaBeaumarchais. Isakhiwo silula - umshado kaFigaro noSuzanne uyeza, kodwa u-Count Almaviva uthandana noSuzanne, elwela ukuzuza umusa wakhe nganoma yiziphi izindleko. Wonke amaqili akhelwe phezu kwalokhu. Ikhokhiswe njengesidlali se-opera, Umshado we-Figaro, nokho, weqe uhlobo ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi babalingiswa kanye nokuhlukana kwabo okudalwe umculo. Ngakho, ihlaya labalingiswa liyadalwa - uhlobo olusha.

Don Juan

Ngo-1787, uMozart wabhala i-opera ethi Don Giovanni esekelwe kumlando wasendulo waseSpain. Uhlobo lwe-opera buffa, futhi uMozart ngokwakhe uluchaza ngokuthi “idrama ejabulisayo.” UDon Juan, ezama ukuyenga uDonna Anna, ubulala uyise, uMkhuzi, futhi uyacasha. Ngemuva kochungechunge lwezenzakalo nokuzifihla, u-Don Juan umemela isifanekiso soMkhuzi ambulele ebholeni. Aqhamuke uMkhuzi. Njengethuluzi elinamandla lokuphindisela, udonsela i-libertine esihogweni…

I-Vice yajeziswa, njengoba kudingwa yimithetho ye-classicism. Nokho, uDon Giovanni kaMozart akalona nje iqhawe elibi; uheha umbukeli ngethemba lakhe nesibindi. I-Mozart idlula imingcele yohlobo futhi idale idrama yomculo engokwengqondo, eduze noShakespeare ngokushuba kwezinkanuko.

"Yilokho wonke umuntu akwenzayo."

I-opera buffa ethi “Yilokhu wonke umuntu akwenzayo” yanikezwa uMbusi uJoseph eMozart ngo-1789. Isekelwe endabeni eyiqiniso eyenzeka enkantolo. Endabeni, izinsizwa ezimbili, uFerrando noGuglielmo, zinquma ukwenza isiqiniseko sokwethembeka komakoti bazo futhi zize kubo zizifihle. UDon Alfonso othile uyabagqugquzela, ethi ayikho into emhlabeni njengokwethembeka kwabesifazane. Futhi kuvela ukuthi uqinisile...

Kule opera, i-Mozart ibambelela ohlotsheni lwe-buffa lwendabuko; umculo wayo ugcwele ukukhanya nomusa. Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi sokuphila komqambi "Yilokhu wonke umuntu akwenzayo" akuzange kuqashelwe, kodwa kakade ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 laqala ukwenziwa ngezigaba ezinkulu ze-opera.

“Isihe SikaThithu”

UMozart wabhala incwadi ethi La Clemenza di Titus ukuze uMbusi waseCzech uLeopold II angene esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1791. Njengomuntu okhululekile, wanikwa umbhalo wakudala owawunohlelo lokuvinjelwa, kodwa yeka i-opera eyabhalwa uMozart!

Umsebenzi omuhle onomculo ophansi nohloniphekile. Kugxilwe kuMbusi waseRoma u-Titus Flavius ​​​​Vespasian. Udalula itulo azenzele lona, ​​kodwa uthola ukuphana kuyena ukuxolela abakhi bozungu. Lesi sihloko sasiwufanelekela kangcono ukugubha ukubekwa esihlalweni, futhi uMozart wakwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi ngobuhlakani.

“Umtshingo Womlingo”

Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMozart wabhala i-opera yohlobo kazwelonke lwaseJalimane lwe-Singspiel, olwamkhanga ngokukhethekile. Lena "I-Magic Flute" ene-freetto ka-E. Schikaneder. Itulo ligcwele imilingo nezimangaliso futhi libonisa umzabalazo waphakade phakathi kokuhle nokubi.

Umthakathi uSarastro uthumba indodakazi yeNdlovukazi Yobusuku, futhi uthumela insizwa uTamino ukuthi iyoyicinga. Uthola intombazane, kodwa kuvela ukuthi uSarastro usohlangothini lokuhle, futhi iNdlovukazi Yobusuku iwumfanekiso wobubi. UTamino uphumelela zonke izivivinyo futhi wamukela isandla sesithandwa sakhe. I-opera yadlalwa eVienna ngo-1791 futhi yaba yimpumelelo enkulu ngenxa yomculo omnandi kaMozart.

Ubani owaziyo ukuthi mingaki eminye imisebenzi emikhulu uMozart ayezoyidala, yiziphi izingoma ze-opera ayezozibhala, ukube isiphetho sasimnike okungenani iminyaka embalwa yokuphila kwakhe. Kodwa lokho akwazile ukukwenza ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe okufushane kungokwengcebo yomculo womhlaba.