Anton Stepanovich Arensky |

Anton Arensky

I-Arensky. I-Violin Concerto (Jascha Heifetz)

U-Arensky uhlakaniphe ngendlela emangalisayo emculweni… Ungumuntu onentshisekelo kakhulu! P. Tchaikovsky

Kokusha kakhulu, i-Arensky ihamba phambili, ilula, inomsindo... L. Tolstoy

Abaculi nabathandi bomculo bokuphela kwekhulu lokugcina nasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka bebengeke bakholelwe ukuthi umsebenzi ka-Arensky ngisho negama lika-Arensky ngemva kwengxenye yesithathu yekhulu kuphela lalizokwaziwa kancane. Phela, izingoma zakhe ze-opera, i-symphonic ne-chamber, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yepiyano nezothando, zizwakala njalo, zidlalwa ezinkundleni zemidlalo ezinhle kakhulu, ezenziwa abaculi abadumile, abamukelwa ngokufudumele ngabagxeki kanye nomphakathi ... Umqambi wesikhathi esizayo wathola imfundo yakhe yokuqala yomculo emndenini. . Uyise, udokotela waseNizhny Novgorod, wayengumculi we-amateur, futhi unina wayengumdlali wopiyano omuhle. Isigaba esilandelayo sokuphila kuka-Arensky sixhumene neSt. Lapha waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe zomculo futhi ngo-1882 waphothula e-Conservatory ekilasini lokuqamba le-N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Wayethembisene ngokungalingani, kodwa wabonisa ithalente elikhanyayo futhi waklonyeliswa ngendondo yegolide. Umculi osemusha wamenywa ngokushesha e-Moscow Conservatory njengomfundisi wezifundo zethiyori, ukwakheka kamuva. E-Moscow, u-Arensky waba abangane abakhulu noTchaikovsky noTaneyev. Ithonya lokuqala kwaba juqu ku-Arensky lokusungula zomculo, owesibili waba umngane oseduze. Ngesicelo sikaTaneyev, uTchaikovsky wanika u-Arensky inkululeko ye-opera yakhe yokuqala ebhujiswe iVoyevoda, kwavela i-opera ethi Dream on the Volga, eyadlalwa ngempumelelo yiMoscow Bolshoi Theatre ngo-1890. izindawo ezilinganayo omuhle I-opera yaseRussia” futhi wanezela: “Indawo yephupho leVoyevoda yangenza ngakhala izinyembezi eziningi ezimnandi.” Enye i-opera ka-Arensky, u-Raphael, ibonakala ku-Taneyev eqinile ekwazi ukujabulisa abaculi abaqeqeshiwe kanye nomphakathi ngokulinganayo; encwadini yezenzakalo zalo muntu ongenazwelo sithola mayelana no-Raphael igama elifanayo nelokuvuma kukaTchaikovsky: "Ngafikelwa izinyembezi ..." Mhlawumbe lokhu kuphinde kwasebenza eNgomeni esadumile yomculi ngemuva kwesiteji - "Inhliziyo iyathuthumela. uthando nenjabulo”?

Imisebenzi ka-Arensky eMoscow yayihlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi esebenza endaweni yokugcina izinto, wakha izincwadi zokufunda ezazisetshenziswa izizukulwane eziningi zabaculi. URachmaninov noScriabin, A. Koreshchenko, G. Konyus, R. Glier bafunda ekilasini lakhe. Owakamuva wakhumbula: “… Amazwi nezeluleko zika-Arensky zazinobuciko kunobuchwepheshe bemvelo.” Kodwa-ke, isimo esingalingani sika-Arensky - wayengumuntu othathwe futhi othukuthele - ngezinye izikhathi kwakuholela ezingxabano nabafundi bakhe. U-Arensky wadlala njengomqhubi, kokubili nge-orchestra ye-symphony kanye namakhonsathi we-Young Russian Choral Society. Ngokushesha, ngokutusa kukaM. Balakirev, u-Arensky wamenywa eSt. Petersburg esikhundleni sokuba ngumphathi weKwaya yaseNkantolo. Isikhundla sasihloniphekile kakhulu, kodwa futhi siwumthwalo omkhulu futhi asihambisani nokuthambekela komculi. Kwaphela iminyaka engu-6 wadala imisebenzi embalwa futhi, kuphela, ngemva kokudedelwa enkonzweni ngo-1901, waphinde waqala ukwenza amakhonsathi futhi ukuqamba ngokujulile. Kodwa isifo sasimlindile - isifo sofuba samaphaphu, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa samletha ethuneni ...

Phakathi kwabadlali abadumile bemisebenzi ka-Arensky kwakunguF. Chaliapin: wacula ingoma yothando ethi "Wolves", enikezelwe kuye, "Izingoma Zezingane", futhi - ngempumelelo enkulu - "Minstrel". V. Komissarzhevskaya owenziwe ngohlobo olukhethekile lwe-melodeclamation olwandile ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, ngokusebenza kwemisebenzi ka-Arensky; abalaleli bakhumbula ukufunda kwakhe emculweni othi “Yeka ukuthi ayemuhle, ayemasha kangakanani ama-roses…” Ukuhlolwa komunye wemisebenzi engcono kakhulu – i-Trio in D minor ingatholakala ku-“Dialogues” kaStravinsky: “Arensky… ungiphathe ngobungane, ngentshisekelo. wangisiza; Bengilokhu ngimthanda futhi okungenani eyodwa yemisebenzi yakhe, i-piano trio edumile. (Amagama abo bobabili abaqambi azohlangana kamuva – kuphosta yaseParis ka-S. Diaghilev, okuzohlanganisa nomculo we-ballet ka-Arensky othi “Egyptian Nights”.)

U-Leo Tolstoy wazisa u-Arensky ngaphezu kwabanye abaqambi baseRussia bangaleso sikhathi, futhi ikakhulukazi, amagumbi amaphiyano amabili, ayingxenye yemibhalo engcono kakhulu ka-Arensky. (Ngaphandle kwethonya labo, kamuva wabhala ama-suites okwakhiwa okufanayo kweRachmaninov). Kwenye yezincwadi zikaTaneyev, owayehlala nabakwaTolstoy eYasnaya Polyana ehlobo lika-1896 futhi, kanye no-A. Goldenweiser, ababedlalela umlobi kusihlwa kusihlwa, kubikwa ukuthi: “Ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule, phambi kuka-A. umphakathi omkhulu, sadlala ... kumapiyano amabili "Silhouettes" (Suite E 2. - LK) ka-Anton Stepanovich, abaphumelele kakhulu futhi babuyisana noLev Nikolaevich ngomculo omusha. Wayethanda kakhulu uMdansi waseSpain (inombolo yokugcina), futhi wacabanga ngaye isikhathi eside. Ama-Suites nezinye izingcezu zepiyano kuze kube sekupheleni komsebenzi wakhe wokuwenza - kuze kube ngawo-1940 - 50s. - igcinwe ku-repertoire yabadlali bopiyano baseSoviet besizukulwane esidala, abafundi base-Arensky - Goldenweiser noK. Igumnov. Futhi isazwakala kumakhonsathi nasemsakazweni i-Fantasia kumatimu e-Ryabinin yepiyano ne-orchestra, edalwe ngo-1899. Emuva ekuqaleni kwawo-90s. U-Arensky wabhala eMoscow kumxoxi wezindaba ophawulekayo, umlimi wase-Olonets u-Ivan Trofimovich Ryabinin, ama-epics amaningana; futhi ababili babo - mayelana ne-boyar Skopin-Shuisky kanye ne "Volga and Mikula" - wathatha njengesisekelo seFantasy yakhe. I-Fantasia, i-Trio, nezinye izingcezu eziningi zezinsimbi nezezwi zika-Arensky, ezingajulile kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwazo okungokomzwelo nokuhlakanipha, okungahlukaniswa ngokuqanjwa okusha, ngesikhathi esifanayo ziheha ngobuqotho bezingoma – ngokuvamile eziwubukhazikhazi – izitatimende, umculo ophanayo. Zinolaka, zinomusa, zinobuciko. Lezi zakhiwo zathambekisa izinhliziyo zabalaleli emculweni ka-Arensky. eminyakeni edlule. Bangaletha injabulo nanamuhla, ngoba baphawuleka ngakho kokubili ikhono nekhono.

L. Korabelnikova