Andrey Gavrilov |

U-Andrei Gavrilov

Andrei Vladimirovich Gavrilov wazalwa ngo-September 21, 1955 eMoscow. Uyise wayengumculi odumile; umama - umdlali wopiyano, owafunda ngesinye isikhathi no-GG Neuhaus. "Ngafundiswa umculo kusukela ngineminyaka engu-4," kusho uGavrilov. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ngokukhumbula kwami, ebuntwaneni bami kwakuthakazelisa kakhulu kimina ukungcolisa amapensela namapende. Akuyona yini indida: Ngangifisa ukuba umdwebi, mfowethu – umculi. Futhi kwavela okuphambene ... "

Kusukela ngo-1960, uGavrilov ubefunda eCentral Music School. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke neminyaka eminingi, u-TE Kestner (owafundisa u-N. Petrov kanye nenani labanye abashayi bopiyano abadumile) uba uthisha wakhe emsebenzini wakhe okhethekile. “Ngaleso sikhathi, esikoleni, lapho uthando lwangempela lwepiyano lwafika kimi,” uyaqhubeka ekhumbula uGavrilov. "UTatyana Evgenievna, umculi onethalente elingavamile kanye nesipiliyoni, wangifundisa inkambo yokufundisa eqinisekiswe ngokuqinile. Ekilasini lakhe, wayehlala enaka kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwamakhono ochwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe kubadlali bopiyano besikhathi esizayo. Kimina, ngokuqondene nabanye, kuye kwaba usizo olukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ngingenabo ubunzima obungathi sina “ngesu” kamuva, ngibonga, okokuqala, kuthisha wami wesikole. Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi uTatyana Evgenievna wenza okuningi ukugxilisa kimi uthando lomculo kaBach nabanye amakhosi asendulo; lokhu nakho akuzange kubonakale. Futhi yeka indlela uTatyana Evgenievna ahlanganisa ngayo ngobuchule nangokunembile irepertoire yezemfundo neyokufundisa! Umsebenzi ngamunye ezinhlelweni ezikhethwe nguye uye wafana, cishe yiwo kuphela owawudingeka kulesi sigaba ukuze kuthuthukiswe umfundi wakhe ... "

Njengoba esebangeni lesi-9 e-Central Music School, uGavrilov wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala lwangaphandle, enza eYugoslavia emikhosini yokugubha iminyaka yesikole somculo saseBelgrade "Stankovic". Ngawo lowo nyaka, wamenywa ukuba abambe iqhaza kolunye lwezinsuku ze-symphony ze-Gorky Philharmonic; wadlala i-First Piano Concerto kaTchaikovsky e-Gorky futhi, ehlulela ngobufakazi obusekhona, ngempumelelo impela.

Kusukela ngo-1973, uGavrilov ubengumfundi eMoscow State Conservatory. Umeluleki wakhe omusha nguProfesa LN Naumov. "Indlela yokufundisa kaLev Nikolayevich yaphenduka ngezindlela eziningi okuphambene nalokho engangikujwayele ekilasini likaTatyana Evgenievna," kusho uGavrilov. “Ngemva kobuciko bokudlala obuqinile, obunokulinganisela, ngezinye izikhathi, mhlawumbe obunemikhawulo ethile. Vele, lokhu kwangithakazelisa kakhulu ... "Ngalesi sikhathi, isithombe sokudala somculi osemusha sakhiwe ngokujulile. Futhi, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ebusheni bakhe, kanye nezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa, ezibonakala ngokucacile, ezinye izikhathi eziphikisanayo, ukungalingani, nazo zizwakala emdlalweni wakhe - lokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izindleko zokukhula". Ngezinye izikhathi ku-Gavrilov umculi, "ubudlova besimo sengqondo" bubonakaliswa - njengoba yena ngokwakhe kamuva echaza le mpahla yakhe; ngezinye izikhathi, kukhulunywa amazwi agxekayo kuye mayelana nenkulumo eyihaba yomculo wakhe, umuzwa onqunu ngokweqile, imikhuba yasesiteji ephakeme kakhulu. Nokho, kukho konke lokho, akekho noyedwa “kubaphikisi” bakhe bokudala ophikayo ukuthi uyakwazi kakhulu thumba, vutha izilaleli ezilalelayo - kodwa akulona yini lolu uphawu lokuqala noluyinhloko lwethalente lobuciko?

Ngo-1974, osemusha oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala wabamba iqhaza ku-Fifth International Tchaikovsky Competition. Futhi uzuza impumelelo enkulu, evelele ngempela - umklomelo wokuqala. Ezimpendulo eziningi kulo mcimbi, kuyathakazelisa ukucaphuna amazwi ka-EV Malinin. Ngaleso sikhathi isikhundla sokuba isikhulu sephiyano ubuhlakani be-Conservatory, uMalinin wayazi kahle uGavrilov - ama-pluses nama-minuses, izinsiza zokudala ezisetshenzisiwe nezingasetshenziswanga. “Ngizwelana kakhulu,” ebhala, “ngiyiphatha le nsizwa, ngokuyinhloko ngoba inekhono ngempela. Ukuzenzakalela okuhlaba umxhwele, ukukhanya komdlalo wakhe kusekelwa amathuluzi obuchwepheshe asezingeni lokuqala. Ukunemba, abukho ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe kuye. Manje ubhekene nomunye umsebenzi - ukufunda ukuzithiba. Uma ephumelela kulo msebenzi (futhi ngethemba ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzophumelela), khona-ke amathemba akhe abonakala ekhanya ngokwedlulele kimi. Ngokuphathelene nesilinganiso sethalente lakhe - kokubili umculo nomculo wopiyano, mayelana nohlobo oluthile lwemfudumalo enomusa kakhulu, ngokwesimo sakhe sengqondo ngensimbi (kuze kube manje ikakhulukazi umsindo wepiyano), unesizathu sokuqhubeka nokuma. ngokulingana nabadlali bethu abakhulu. Nokho, yebo, kumelwe aqonde ukuthi umklomelo wakhe wokuqala ngokwezinga elithile uwukubikezela kusengaphambili, ukubheka ikusasa. (Abadlali bopiyano besimanje. S. 123.).

Ngemva kokunqoba kokuncintisana esiteji esikhulu, uGavrilov ngokushesha uzithola ebanjwe isigqi esinamandla sempilo ye-philharmonic. Lokhu kunikeza okuningi kumdlali osemusha. Ulwazi lwemithetho yesigcawu sochwepheshe, isipiliyoni somsebenzi wokuvakasha bukhoma, okokuqala. I-repertoire eguquguqukayo, manje eseyenziwe kabusha ngokuhlelekile (okuningi kulokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho kamuva), okwesibili. Kukhona, ekugcineni, okwesithathu: ukuthandwa okubanzi okuza kuye kokubili ekhaya naphesheya; wenza ngempumelelo emazweni amaningi, ababuyekezi abavelele baseNtshonalanga Yurophu banikeza izimpendulo ezizwelayo kuma-clavirabends akhe emaphephandabeni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiteji asinikezi kuphela, kodwa futhi sithatha; UGavrilov, njengabanye ozakwabo, ngokushesha uyaqiniseka ngaleli qiniso. “Muva nje, ngiqala ukuzwa ukuthi uhambo olude luyangikhandla. Kwenzeka ukuthi kufanele wenze izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili, noma ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu ngenyanga (ungabala amarekhodi) - lokhu kunzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angikwazi ukudlala isikhathi esigcwele; ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba besho, nginikela ngakho konke okusemandleni ami ngaphandle komkhondo ... Bese-ke, vele, into efana nobuze iyaphakama. Manje ngizama ukukhawulela ukuvakasha kwami ​​​​. Yiqiniso, akulula. Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ngezindlela eziningi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi mina, naphezu kwakho konke, ngiwathanda ngempela amakhonsathi. Kimina, lena injabulo engenakuqhathaniswa nanoma yini enye ... "

Uma sibheka emuva ku-biography yokudala ye-Gavrilov eminyakeni yamuva, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi wayenenhlanhla ngempela ngandlela-thile. Hhayi ngendondo yokuncintisana - ngingakhulumi ngayo; emiqhudelwaneni yabaculi, ukudalelwa kuhlala kuthanda othile, hhayi othile; lokhu kwaziwa futhi kuyisiko. UGavrilov waba nenhlanhla ngenye indlela: isiphetho samnika umhlangano noSvyatoslav Teofilovich Richter. Futhi hhayi ngesimo sedethi eyodwa noma ezimbili ezingahleliwe, ezidlulayo, njengakwezinye. Kwenzeka ukuthi uRichter waqaphela umculi osemusha, wamsondeza kuye, wathathwa ngentshiseko ithalenta likaGavrilov, futhi wathatha ingxenye ephilayo kuyo.

UGavrilov ngokwakhe ubiza ukuhlangana kokudala noRichter "isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu" empilweni yakhe. “Ngithatha uSvyatoslav Teofilovich uThisha wami wesithathu. Nakuba, uma ngikhuluma nje, akakaze angifundise lutho - ekuchazeni okungokwesiko kwaleli gama. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi wavele wahlala phansi epiyano futhi waqala ukudlala: Mina, ngihlezi eduze, ngibheke ngawo wonke amehlo ami, ngilalele, ngizindla, ngibambe ngekhanda - kunzima ukucabanga isikole esingcono kakhulu somdlali. Futhi zingakanani izingxoxo engizinikezayo no-Richter mayelana nokudweba, i-cinema noma umculo, ngabantu kanye nempilo ... Ngivame ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi eduze no-Svyatoslav Teofilovich uzithola usohlotsheni oluthile "lwenkundla kazibuthe" engaqondakali. Ingabe ushaja ngamaza okudala, noma okuthile. Futhi uma ngemva kwalokho usuhlala phansi ensimbini, uqala ukudlala ngogqozi olukhethekile.”

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, singakhumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi sama-Olympics-80, ama-Muscovites kanye nezivakashi zenhloko-dolobha babe nethuba lokubona umcimbi ongavamile kakhulu ekusebenzeni komculo. Endaweni ekhangayo yasemnyuziyamu "Arkhangelskoye", engekude neMoscow, uRichter noGavrilov banikeze umjikelezo wamakhonsathi amane, lapho kwenziwa khona ama-Harpsichord suite angu-16 (ahlelelwe upiyano). Lapho u-Richter ehlala phansi epiyano, uGavrilov wamphendulela amanothi: kwakuyisikhathi somculi osemusha ukudlala - inkosi ehloniphekile "yamsiza". Embuzweni - wavela kanjani umbono womjikelezo? U-Richter waphendula: “Angizange ngiyidlale i-Handel ngakho-ke nginqume ukuthi kungathakazelisa ukuyifunda. Futhi u-Andrew uyasiza. Ngakho senza wonke ama-suites ” (Zemel I. Isibonelo sokuqondisa kwangempela // Sov. umculo. 1981. No 1. P. 82.). Imidlalo yabashayi bopiyano yayingenawo nje umsindo omkhulu womphakathi, ochazwa kalula kuleli cala; wabaphelezela ngempumelelo encomekayo. “… UGavrilov,” kuphawula abezindaba zomculo, “udlale ngendlela efanele futhi ekholisayo kangangokuthi akazange anikeze nesizathu esincane sokungabaza ukufaneleka kwawo womabili umbono womjikelezo wama-XNUMX, kanye nokusebenza kombuso omusha” (Ibid.).

Uma ubheka ezinye izinhlelo ze-Gavrilov, khona-ke namuhla ungabona abalobi abahlukene kuzo. Uvame ukuphendukela endulo yomculo, uthando olwafakwa kuye nguTE Kestner. Ngakho-ke, izikhathi zakusihlwa ezinetimu zikaGavrilov ezinikezelwe kumakhonsathi kaBach's clavier azizange zibonakale (umshayi wopiyano wayehambisana neqoqo legumbi eliqhutshwa nguYuri Nikolaevsky). Ngokuthanda kwakhe udlala i-Mozart (i-Sonata ku-A major), u-Beethoven (u-Sonata ku-C-sharp minor, "Moonlight"). I-repertoire yothando yomculi ibonakala ihlaba umxhwele: Schumann (Carnival, Butterflies, Carnival of Vienna), Chopin (24 studies), Liszt (Campanella) nokunye okuningi. Mangisho ukuthi kule ndawo, mhlawumbe, kulula kakhulu ukuba aziveze, ukuze agcizelele ubuciko bakhe "I": ubuhle obuhle, obunemibala egqamile yenqolobane yothando bekulokhu kuseduze naye njengomdlali. UGavrilov uphinde waba nezimpumelelo eziningi emculweni waseRussia, Soviet kanye nowaseNtshonalanga Yurophu ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Singasho kulokhu kuhlanganisa izincazelo zakhe ze-Islamey ka-Balakirev, Ukuhlukahluka kwe-F enkulu kanye ne-Tchaikovsky's Concerto ku-B flat minor, i-Scriabin's Eighth Sonata, i-Concerto Yesithathu ka-Rachmaninoff, i-Delusion, izingcezu zomjikelezo we-Romeo no-Juliet kanye ne-Prokofiev's Eighth Sonata, i-Concerto kwesokunxele. isandla kanye ne "Night Gaspard" kaRavel, izingcezu ezine zikaBerg ze-clarinet nepiyano (kanye no-clarinetist A. Kamyshev), imisebenzi yezwi kaBritten (nomculi u-A. Ablaberdiyeva). U-Gavrilov uthi wakwenza umthetho wokugcwalisa kabusha ingoma yakhe njalo ngonyaka ngezinhlelo ezine ezintsha - eyedwa, e-symphonic, e-chamber-instrumental.

Uma engachezuki kulesi simiso, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi impahla yakhe yokudala izoba yinani elikhulu ngempela lemisebenzi ehluke kakhulu.

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Maphakathi nawo-eighties Gavrilov wenza ikakhulukazi phesheya isikhathi eside impela. Khona-ke uphinde uvele ezigabeni zekhonsathi yaseMoscow, Leningrad nakwamanye amadolobha ezwe. Abathandi bomculo bathola ithuba lokuhlangana naye futhi bajabulele lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukubukeka okusha” - ngemva kwesikhashana - ukudlala kwakhe. Imidlalo yomdlali wopiyano idonsa ukunaka kwabagxeki futhi ingaphansi kokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe noma okuncane emaphephandabeni. Ukubuyekezwa okuvele phakathi nalesi sikhathi emakhasini we-Musical Life kuyinkomba - kulandele i-clavirabend kaGavrilov, lapho kwenziwa khona imisebenzi kaSchumann, uSchubert nabanye abaqambi. "Ukugqama kwekhonsathi eyodwa" - yile ndlela umbhali wayo aqambe ngayo isibuyekezo. Kulula ukuzwa kulo ukuthi ukusabela ekudlaleni kukaGavrilov, leso simo sengqondo kuye nangobuciko bakhe, okuyinto evamile namuhla kochwepheshe kanye nengxenye efanelekayo yezilaleli. Umbuyekezi ngokuvamile uhlola kahle ukusebenza komdlali wopiyano. Kodwa-ke, uthi, "umbono we-clavirabend wahlala ungaqondakali." Ngoba, “kanye nezambulo zomculo zangempela ezisiyisa engcweleni yomculo ongcwele, kwakunezikhathi lapha ikakhulukazi” ezazingaphandle “, ezazintula ukujula kobuciko.” Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubukeza kukhomba, “ikhono lokucabanga ngokuphelele,” ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucaciswa okwanele kwendaba, ngenxa yalokho, “kude nawo wonke ubuqili… njengoba umculo udinga ... eminye imininingwane ebalulekile yashabalala, yahlala inganakwa” (Kolesnikov N. Ukuqhathanisa kwekhonsathi eyodwa // Impilo yomculo. 1987. No 19. P. 8.).

Imizwa efanayo ehlukahlukene futhi ephikisanayo yavela encazelweni kaGavrilov yekhonsathi edumile ye-B flat minor ka-Tchaikovsky (ingxenye yesibili yama-XNUMXs). Okuningi lapha ngokungangabazeki kwaphumelela umdlali wopiyano. Ubukhazikhazi bendlela yokwenza, umsindo obabazekayo othi “Empire”, i-convexly echazwe “close-ups” - konke lokhu kwenza umbono ogqamile, owinayo. (Futhi yaba yini imiphumela edidayo ye-octave engxenyeni yokuqala neyesithathu yenani lekhonsathi, eyaphonsa ingxenye ethatheka kakhulu yezethameli ekuhlwithweni!) Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudlala kukaGavrilov, uma engagwegwesi, kwakuntula i-virtuoso bravado engacashile, futhi “ ukuzikhombisa”, kanye nezono eziphawuleka ngokwengxenye ukunambitha kanye nesilinganiso.

Ngikhumbula ikhonsathi yaseGavrilov, eyenzeka eHholo Elikhulu LeConservatory ngo-1968 (Chopin, Rachmaninov, Bach, Scarlatti). Ngiyakhumbula, ngokuqhubekayo, ukudlala ngokuhlanganyela komdlali wepiyano neLondon Orchestra eqhutshwa u-V. Ashkenazy (1989, i-Rachmaninov's Second Concerto). Futhi futhi konke kuyafana. Izikhathi zokwenza umculo ozwakalayo zihlanganiswe nokungafihli lutho, izingoma, isibindi esinokhahlo nesinomsindo. Into esemqoka umcabango wobuciko ongahambelani neminwe egijima ngokushesha ...

… UGavrilov umculi wekhonsathi unabalandeli abaningi abashisekayo. Kulula ukuziqonda. Ubani ozophikisana, umculo lapha awuvamile ngempela: intuition enhle kakhulu; ikhono lokuphendula ngomdlandla, ngobusha nangokuqondile emculweni omnandi, ongasetshenzisiwe ngesikhathi sokudlalwa kwekhonsathi okujulile. Futhi-ke, ubuciko obuhehayo. UGavrilov, njengoba umphakathi umbona, uyazethemba ngokuphelele - lokhu kuyinhlanganisela enkulu. Unomlingisi wasesiteji ovulekile, onomusa, ithalenta "elivulekile" lingenye into ehlanganisayo. Okokugcina, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi akhululeke ngaphakathi esiteji, azibambe ngokukhululeka nangokungaphoqelekile (ngezinye izikhathi, mhlawumbe ngokukhululeka kakhulu nangokungaphoqelekile ...). Ukuthandwa ngabalaleli - izilaleli eziningi - lokhu kungaphezu kokwanele.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngithanda ukuthemba ukuthi ikhono lomculi lizoqhakaza ngezinto ezintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuthi ukujula okukhulu kwangaphakathi, ukungathí sina, isisindo esingokwengqondo sokuhumusha kuzofika kuye. Lobo buchwepheshe buzoba bubuhle futhi bucwengisiswe, isiko lochwepheshe lizophawuleka kakhulu, imikhuba yasesiteji izoba yinhle futhi ibe lukhuni. Futhi ukuthi, ngenkathi ehlala yena, uGavrilov, njengomculi, ngeke ahlale engashintshiwe - kusasa uzobe entweni ehlukile kunanamuhla.

Ngoba lokhu kuyimpahla yawo wonke amathalenta amakhulu, abaluleke ngempela - ukusuka "kunamuhla" layo, kulokho osekutholakele kakade, okuzuziwe, okuhloliwe - ukuya kokungaziwa nokungatholakali ...

G. Tsypin, 1990