I-Harmonicas yesandla: ukuklama, umlando wemvelaphi, izinhlobo

Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kuka-200 kusukela kwavela i-accordion yesandla. Ukuvela kwaleli thuluzi kwaba imfuneko yokuvela kwezakhiwo zomculo ezidumile njengenkinobho ye-accordion ne-accordion, namuhla efakwe eqenjini lezemfundo. Kodwa ama-harmonicas ezandla ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ayaqhubeka ehamba emhlabeni wonke, eheha izilaleli ngemisindo yawo ehlukahlukene.

Design

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ze-harmonica, ngokusho kohlobo lokukhiqiza umsindo, zonke izinhlobo ziyizinsimbi zomculo zomhlanga, okungukuthi, umsindo ukhishwa ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya womoya othinta umhlanga. Ngaphandle, idivayisi ye-harmonica ibukeka kanje:

• i-semi-body kwesokunxele nekhibhodi yayo;
• i-semi-body yesokudla enekhibhodi ebekwe ebhodini leminwe;
• igumbi loboya elinenani elihlukile lemigoqo (amafolda).

Idivayisi yangaphakathi inesici esiyinhloko - ibha yezwi, lapho izilimi zixhunywe khona. Zimbili zazo. Esinye siyadlidliza lapho kuvulwa izifutho, esinye lapho sicindezelwa. Lesi sici se-harmonics yezandla sisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi lapho izimbongolo zeluliwe futhi zibuyiselwa endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni, isiqondiso somoya siyashintsha.

I-harmonica inesilinganiso se-diatonic. Lona omunye umehluko omkhulu ovela ku-harmonica izihlobo ze-bayan ne-accordion ene-chromatic noma exutshwe.

Umsebenzi we-harmonica usekelwe kumgomo wekhibhodi ye-lever, njengepiyano. Uma ukhiye ucindezelwa, kuvuleka indawo emphemeni, lapho umoya ungena khona ekamelweni le-resonator, lapho umhlanga utholakala khona.

Idivayisi ibizwa ngokuthi "manual" ngoba umdlali we-accordion uyibambe ezandleni zakhe. Ukuze kube lula, izintambo zibambelela emzimbeni, okuvumela ukuthi uzibeke emahlombe akho noma izintambo ezincane ukuze kube lula ukulungisa isandla sakho uma imodeli incane.

Umlando

IJalimane ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa ye-accordion. Ngama-20s wekhulu le-19, ithuluzi lokuqala laklanywa umpetha waseBerlin uFriedrich Buschmann. Ithuluzi alisungula yaziwa ngokuthi "harmonica". Kodwa kunezinguqulo okungenzeka ukuthi zasungulwa eNgilandi ngisho naseSt.

Umanduleli we-harmonica kwakuyi-harmonica. Inendlela efanayo yokukhiqiza umsindo.

Ngama-30-40s wekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ama-harmonicas okuqala aqala ukuvela eRussia. Balethwa yizakhamuzi ezicebile ezivela phesheya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhiqizwa kwezandla ngabadwebi baseRussia kwaqala esifundazweni saseTula.

Abenzi bezandla ze-Tula babhekwa njengabakhiqizi bokuqala be-harmonica. Benza ithuluzi elilula elinomugqa owodwa wezinkinobho esandleni sokudla nesobunxele.

Lawa kwakungamamodeli anemigqa eyodwa, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, kwavela "imigqa emibili". Kodwa babenokushiyeka okuphawulekayo ekuhambisaneni okulinganiselwe, ngakho ukuvumelanisa kwezingoma zesiRashiya kwahlanekezelwa. Amamodeli we-Saratov, Livny kanye "ne-wreath" asethuthuke kakhulu.

izinhlobo

Emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwe-accordion, izinhlobo ezahlukene zavela ngenani elihlukile lezihluthulelo namakhosi, ubukhulu, kanye nesakhiwo samacala. Akufanele badideke ne-accordion yenkinobho kanye ne-accordion, njengoba le miklamo inezici ezihlukile. Umehluko osobala phakathi kwe-accordion, i-accordion kanye ne-accordion yenkinobho ubukhulu nenani lama-octave, laba bamuva banokuningi kwabo. Isikali esinwetshiwe “sezihlobo” ezinkulu singomunye umehluko.

Ngokusho kohlobo lokukhishwa komsindo, izakhiwo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• Uma inkinobho icindezelwa, umsindo wokuphakama okufanayo ukhishwa - khromka, "livenka", "Russian wreath".
• Umsindo uncike ekuqondeni kokunyakaza kwe-furs - "turtle", "Tula", i-Vyatka accordion.

Igama lanikezwa ngokwendawo lapho ithuluzi livela khona.

Okuhlukile kungabizwa ngokuthi amadivaysi abizwa ngokuthi "izimfudu". Lawa ama-harmonicas amancane kakhulu athengiswa e-Cherepovets, ekuqaleni ayenzelwe ukujabulisa izingane, futhi kamuva athandwa ngabadlali besimanje be-harmonica nabaculi.

Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu:

• I-Yelets piano harmonica - iklanywe edolobheni laseYelets. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkosi u-Ilyin kwahlukaniswa nokuthi kwakunelungiselelo lezihluthulelo, njengepiyano kanye nohlu lwama-octave amabili nesigamu.
• I-Livenskaya - umehluko omkhulu enanini elikhulu lamadoda adala ikamelo elide loboya.
• I-Saratovskaya - kukhona izinsimbi ekwakhiweni.
• I-Cherepovets - inosayizi omncane kakhulu, futhi izinkinobho zekhibhodi ye-bass zitholakala emzimbeni.
• I-Kirillovskaya accordion - idalwe esifundeni saseVologda, ihlangene, ilula, kodwa inomsindo obanzi.

Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, okusakazeke kakhulu yi-khromka - "imigqa emibili" noma i-harmonica yesiRashiya yomugqa owodwa. Futhi abantu abahlukene babe nama-harmonicas abo: i-marla-carmon phakathi kwe-Mari, i-talyan harmun phakathi kwamaTatars, i-pshine phakathi kwama-Adygs, i-komuz phakathi kwe-Dagestan.

I-accordion iyinsimbi ethandwa kakhulu futhi esabalele kakhulu yabantu baseRussia. Umculi we-harmonist uhlala eyisivakashi esibaluleke kakhulu kunoma yiliphi iholide, futhi umculo wakhe uhambisana nemikhosi yesintu, imisindo emibuthanweni yomakhelwane, amaholide.