Ipiyano |

kusuka ku-ital. upiyano, abbr. kusuka ku-pianoforte noma i-fortepiano - upiyano

I-Pianism iwubuciko bokudlala upiyano. Umsuka wophiyano uhlehlela emuva engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-2, lapho izikole ezimbili zepiyano ziqala ukwakheka, ezazibusa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 - isikole saseViennese (WA Mozart nomfundi wakhe u-I. Hummel, L. Beethoven, futhi kamuva no-K. Czerny nabafundi babo, kuhlanganise no-19. Thalberg) noLondon (M. Clementi nabafundi bakhe, kuhlanganise no-J. Field).

Ikusasa lokudlala upiyano lihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yokusebenza ka-F. Chopin no-F. Liszt. Kwipiyano, isitezi sesi-2. 19 - cela. Abameleli bekhulu lama-20 bezikole zaseLiszt (X. Bulow, K. Tausig, A. Reisenauer, E. d'Albert, nabanye) noT. Leshetitsky (I. Paderevsky, AN Esipova, nabanye), kanye noF. Busoni , L. Godovsky, I. Hoffman, kamuva A. Cortot, A. Schnabel, V. Gieseking, BS Horowitz, A. Benedetti Michelangeli, G. Gould nabanye.

Kwavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19-20. okuthiwa. Isikole se-anatomical and physiological of pianism saba nethonya elithile ekuthuthukisweni kwemfundiso yomculo wopiyano (imisebenzi kaL. Deppe, R. Breithaupt, F. Steinhausen, nabanye), kodwa yayingabalulekile kangako.

Indima evelele ekuculweni kopiyano kwesikhathi sangemva koHlu ingeyabadlali bopiyano baseRussia (AG no-NG Rubinstein, Esipova, SV Rakhmaninov) kanye nezikole ezimbili zaseSoviet - eMoscow (KN Igumnov, AB Goldenweiser, GG Neuhaus kanye nabafundi bazo LN Oborin, GR Ginzburg , Ya. V. Flier, Ya. I. Zak, ST Richter, EG Gilels nabanye) kanye noLeningrad (LV Nikolaev nabafundi bakhe uMV Yudina, VV Sofronitsky nabanye). Ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ngesisekelo esisha amasiko angokoqobo abameleli abakhulu bophiyano lwaseRussia, u-Kon. 19 - cela. Ngekhulu lama-20, abadlali bopiyano abahamba phambili baseSoviet bahlangana ekudlaleni kwabo ukudlulisela okuyiqiniso nokunenjongo kwenhloso yombhali ngekhono eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe. Impumelelo yomculo wopiyano waseSoviet yaletha ukuqashelwa komhlaba wonke esikoleni saseRussia sopiyano. Abaningi bopiyano baseSoviet bathola imiklomelo (kuhlanganise nemiklomelo yokuqala) emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe. Kuma-conservatories asekhaya kusukela ngawo-1930s. kunezifundo ezikhethekile zomlando, ithiyori kanye nendlela yokwenza upiyano.

References: Genika R., Umlando wepiyano mayelana nomlando wobuciko bepiyano nezincwadi, ingxenye 1, M., 1896; yakhe, Kusukela emibhalweni ye-pianoforte, eSt. Petersburg, 1905; U-Kogan G., ubuciko bopiyano baseSoviet namasiko obuciko aseRussia, M., 1948; Masters esikoleni sopiyano saseSoviet. Izindatshana, ed. A. Nikolaev, M., 1954; U-Alekseev A., abadlali bopiyano baseRussia, uM.-L., 1948; eyakhe, Umlando wobuciko bepiyano, izingxenye 1-2, M., 1962-67; Rabinovich D., Izithombe zabadlali bopiyano, M., 1962, 1970.

GM Kogan