I-Celesta: incazelo yensimbi, umlando, umsindo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Kunemisindo efana nomlingo. Wonke umuntu uyabazi. Akuwona wonke umuntu oqondayo ukuthi iyiphi insimbi yomculo engangena enganekwaneni. I-Celesta iyinsimbi yomculo ekwazi ukwenza lokho kanye.

Yini i-celesta

I-celesta iyinsimbi encane eshaywayo. Ubude obujwayelekile imitha eyodwa, ububanzi - amasentimitha angama-90. Ihlukaniswa njenge-idiophone.

Igama elithi "celesta" (ngamanye amazwi - celesta) elihunyushwe lisuka ku-Italian lisho "ezulwini". Igama lichaza umsindo ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma usuzwile, awukwazi ukukhohlwa.

Kubukeka sengathi upiyano. Ngenhla kuneshalofu lomculo. Okulandelayo okhiye. Amaphedali afakwe phansi. Umculi ubekwe esihlalweni esinethezekile phambi kwesifanekiso.

Le nsimbi yomculo ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa iyodwa. Ngokuvamile kuzwakala njengengxenye yeqembu, ngaphansi kokuqondisa komqhubi. I-celesta ayisetshenziselwa umculo we-classic kuphela. Imisindo efanayo ivela ku-jazz, umculo odumile, i-rock.

Izwakala kanjani i-celesta?

Umsindo we-celesta emculweni ungesinye sezibonelo ezingamangaza umthandi womculo. Umsindo ufana nokukhala kwezinsimbi ezincane.

Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwamasampuli abe izinhlobo ezimbili, lapho ububanzi bomsindo bucatshangelwa khona:

• Ithuluzi liyakwazi ukuhlanganisa ama-octave amane: kusukela ku-“C” ye-octave yokuqala futhi igcine ngo-“C” we-octave yesi-1 (c5 – c1). Iwuhlobo oludume kakhulu.
• Kufika kuma-octaves amahlanu nesigamu.

Ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe inketho efanelekile yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomculo.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Kubukeka sengathi upiyano. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuthola imisindo iyafana, kodwa ilula.

Umculi, ehlezi ngokukhululeka esihlalweni, ucindezela okhiye abaxhunywe ngezando ezishaya amapulatifomu ensimbi. Lezi zokugcina zifakwe kuma-resonators okhuni. Njengomphumela wokushaya okunjalo, umsindo ofana nokukhala kwezinsimbi uvela.

Umlando wokudalwa kwe-celesta

Umlando wendalo uqala ngo-1788 okude. U-C. Clagget waqoqa "i-tuning fork clavier", ebhekwa njengokhokho we-celesta. Umshini wawususelwe ekuvuthweni kwesando kumafoloko okushuna. Umsindo ohlukile uzuzwe ngenxa yosayizi abahlukene bezimfoloko zokushuna zensimbi ezifakwe kusampula.

Isigaba sesibili somlando siqala ngokudalwa kwe "dultison" ngumFulentshi uVictor Mustel. Lesi senzakalo senzeka ngo-1860. Lesi sampula sasinomgomo ofanayo wokusebenza. Kamuva, indodana kaVictor, u-Auguste Mustel, waphothula umshini. Izimfoloko zokulungisa zathathelwa indawo izingcwecwe zensimbi ezinama-resonators. Ngo-1886, lokhu okusunguliwe kwakunelungelo lobunikazi. Isampula eliwumphumela labizwa ngokuthi “celesta”.

Ukusebenzisa

Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi entsha kwaholela ekubonakaleni kwayo emisebenzini ehlukahlukene. Yathola ukuthandwa kwayo okukhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

UCeleste waqala ukuvela encwadini kaW. Shakespeare ethi The Tempest ngo-1888. Umqambi u-Ernest Chausson wayisebenzisa njengengxenye yeqembu lakhe. Kwakuwumsindo wokunqoba womculo wezemfundo.

Le midlalo yaseFrance yamangaza u-PI Tchaikovsky. Umqambi waseRussia wakuthanda ayekuzwa futhi wanquma ukuletha lo msindo ezweni lakubo. Imisindo yeBell yavela emisebenzini yomculi omkhulu. Ngokokuqala ngqa eRussia, umcimbi wenziwa ngo-1892 eMariinsky Theatre ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-ballet ye-Nutcracker. Eminyakeni eyalandela, imisindo efanayo yavela ku-ballad "Voevoda".

Emculweni we-classic, i-celesta iphinde yavela nakweminye imisebenzi yabaqambi abadumile. G. Mahler wayihlanganisa engomeni ye-symphony No. 6 no-No. 8, ethi “Ingoma Yomhlaba.” G. Holst - ku-suite "Amaplanethi". Ama-Symphonies No. 4, 6 no-13 ka-Dmitry Shestakovich nawo aqukethe imisindo efanayo. Ithuluzi livele ku-opera ethi Iphupho Lasebusuku LaseMidsummer (E. Britten), I-Distant Ringing (Schreker), Akhenaten (F. Glass).

Imisindo "yensimbi" ayitholakalanga kuphela emisebenzini ye-symphonic. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, imisindo efanayo yaqala ukuvela ngesitayela esihluke ngokuphelele - i-jazz. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise u-E. Hines, H. Carmichael, O. Peterson, F. Waller, M. Lewis, T. Monk, D. Ellington. Abaculi basebenzise ngempumelelo i-celesta ezingoma zabo.

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

I-Celesta iyinsimbi yomsindo emangalisayo. Ingase ibukeke njengopiyano, kodwa umsindo uhlukile.

Thatha, isibonelo, iqiniso elithakazelisayo elihlobene ne-ballet I-Nutcracker ka-PI Tchaikovsky. Esenzweni sesibili, inganekwane ye-dragee idansa ifinyelela kumaconsi ayikristalu omculo. Kubonakala sengathi ama-peas engilazi awela esosoni lesiliva, abese egxuma bese enyamalala. Abanye baqhathanisa le misindo namaconsi amanzi awela phansi. Umbono womqambi ukwazile ukuba ngokoqobo ngenxa “yasezulwini”. UTchaikovsky wayemthanda. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayesaba ukwabelana nabanye. Ukugcina imfihlo, ngosizo lwe-PI Jurgenson ukwazile uku-oda insimbi evela eFrance. Imfihlo yagcinwa kwaze kwaba kudlalwa okokuqala ngqa.

Iqiniso elichaziwe liqinisekisa kuphela ubuqobo kanye nokuhluka kwe-celesta. Indlela elula ikuvumela ukuthi uthole imisindo “yensimbi” ongasoze wayikhohlwa. Kuze kube manje, alikho ithuluzi elingase libe enye indlela “yasezulwini”.