Umlando wepiyano kumongo wenqubekelaphambili yomhlaba

Uke wacabanga yini ngendlela okumele kuhanjwe kuyo izinto zomuntu ngamunye, zansuku zonke ezisizungezile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke? Ngokwesibonelo, yini umlando wepiyano?

Uma ungazange ucabange ngakho noma uma nje unesithukuthezi ngendaba, khona-ke ngizokuxwayisa ngokushesha ngokumelene nokuyifunda: yebo, kuzoba nezinsuku futhi kuzoba namaqiniso amaningi engizozama ukuwenza, amandla ami angcono kakhulu, hhayi omile njengoba othisha babo beqala esikoleni.

Piano like umhlatshelo umphumela wenqubekelaphambili

Inqubekelaphambili ayimile futhi, uma izibukeli zesimanje kanye nomabonakude bake badla amehlo futhi beyinqwaba, benza izintokazi ezihlale zidla ukudla zibe nomona ngokuzaca kwazo; amafoni awasekho nje yonke indawo kuwe, kodwa manje asekwazi nokufinyelela mahhala ku-inthanethi, ukuzulazula kwe-GPS, amakhamera nezinkulungwane zamanye amagajethi angenamsebenzi.

Ngokuvamile, inqubekelaphambili inonya ngokwedlulele futhi izihloko zezitayela ezintsha ziphathwa nabangaphambi kwazo njengezingane ezinabazali asebethathe umhlalaphansi. Kodwa, njengoba besho, yonke intuthuko inama-dinosaurs ayo.

Izinsimbi zekhibhodi nazo sezihambe ibanga elide ekuthuthukisweni, kodwa izinsimbi zasendulo ezifana nepiyano, upiyano olukhulu, i-ogani nezinye eziningi ezihlobene nazo azizange zinikeze ithuba kuma-synthesizer namakhibhodi e-midi futhi ziye kudoti womlando. Futhi, ngizokutshela imfihlo, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi lokhu ngeke kwenzeke.

Lazalwa nini futhi kuphi upiyano?

Lapho abantu bekhuluma ngokuthi kwavela nini upiyano lokuqala, ngokwesiko kunenkolelo yokuthi iFlorence (Italy) yayiyindawo yalo yokuzalwa, futhi uBartolomeo Cristofori wayengumsunguli; usuku oluqondile ngu-1709 - kwakulo nyaka lapho uScipio Maffei abiza khona unyaka wokuvela kwepiyanoforte ("insimbi yekhibhodi edlala ngokuthambile nangokuzwakalayo"), futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wanikeza igama lokuqala ensimbini, egxiliswe kuye cishe emhlabeni wonke.

Ukusungulwa kukaCristofori kwakusekelwe emzimbeni we-harpsichord (khumbula ukuthi ezinsukwini lapho ama-microphone ayengekho, ivolumu yangempela yensimbi yayibaluleke kakhulu) kanye nendlela yekhibhodi efana ne-clavichord. 

Angeluleki, nokho, ukuthi lolu suku kanye negama lomqambi siluphathe ngokwethemba kakhulu - khumbula umlando wokuvela komsakazo. Ubani onesibindi sokuqamba ngokuqiniseka ngokuphelele umsunguli wayo othile? Futhi kunamakhandidethi anele ngokwanele kule ndawo yokuhlonishwa: Popov, Markel, Tesla.

Isimo siyafana nokusungulwa kwepiyano - akubanga ukutholwa kungazelelwe - umNtaliyane wavele wathola igatsha elihlonishwayo lomqhudelwano, kodwa uma, ngasizathu simbe, kwenzeka okuthile kuye, umFulentshi uJean Marius uzothuthukisa uhlobo olunjalo. insimbi yepiyano ngokuhambisana naye kanye ne-German Gottlieb Schroeder.

Masithembeke ngokwenele kithina kanye nangomlando wabantu – mina mathupha ngicabanga ukuthi bonke labo sosayensi bangabasunguli bezinto ezintsha. Kungani? Konke kuyisisekelo. Uma sibuyela emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwepiyano, le nsimbi nayo ayizange ivele ngobusuku obubodwa.

Inguqulo yokuqala, eyakhiwe nguCristofori, yayikude kakhulu nepiyano esijwayele ukuyibona. Kodwa ithuluzi alizange liyeke ukuvela cishe iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu! Futhi lokhu kuphela kusukela lapho kwaklanywa ukuba kube ukubukeka okujwayelekile komuntu wesimanje, kodwa ukuze kufinyelelwe kulesi sigaba, kwadingeka kudlule amakhulu eminyaka yentuthuko yezinsimbi zomculo.

Kunethiyori eyodwa ethakazelisa kakhulu yokuvela kwabaculi bokuqala. Abazingeli abavamile baba abaculi basendulo, abavele baqaphela ukuthi amathuluzi okuzingela ajwayelekile ayakwazi ukwenza imisindo yomculo.

Ngakho-ke intambo yomnsalo, empeleni, intambo yokuqala emhlabeni! Kodwa ithuluzi lokuqala, elibizwa ngokuthi umtshingo wePan - lithatha umsuka walo esikhalini sakudala - ipayipi elikhafulayo.

Umtshingo wePan ungumsunguli wensimbi enjengesitho, okungukuthi isitho kwakuyinsimbi yokuqala yekhibhodi (yavela cishe ngo-250 BC e-Alexandria yaseGibhithe). 

Futhi uma umbhobho wokuphalaza "umkhulu-umkhulu" wepiyano, khona-ke "ugogo-ugogo" wakhe umnsalo oshiwo ngenhla. Umsindo womcibisholo odonswa umcibisholo ugqugquzele abazingeli bakudala ukuthi bakhe insimbi yokuqala edonsa ngezintambo - ihabhu.

Leli thuluzi lidala kangangokuthi lalaziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwezikhathi zasendulo; kwashiwo ngisho naseNcwadini yeBhayibheli kaGenesise. Amagatsha amaningi alandela ihabhu futhi, ekugcineni, kwaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwazo zonke izinsimbi zomculo, umsindo wazo osekelwe ezintambo: isiginci, i-violin, i-harpsichord, i-clavichord futhi, yiqiniso, umlingisi wethu oyinhloko, upiyano.

Eminye imininingwane ebalulekile emlandweni wepiyano, ngaphandle kwezintambo, njengoba ungase uqagele manje, izikhiye. Cishe ikhibhodi yesimanje ilandelela umlando wayo kusukela e-Europe yasendulo kusukela ngekhulu le-XIII.

Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ngokokuqala ngqa ukwakhiwa kwezihluthulelo ezifana namehlo ethu neminwe, okujwayelekile emehlweni ethu neminwe, kwabona ukukhanya - 7 omhlophe no-5 omnyama ku-octave, okhiye abangu-88 sebebonke.

Kodwa ukuze udale ikhibhodi yalolu hlobo, indlela yayingekho emfushane kakhulu kunehabhu ukuya ku-harpsichord. Abaculi abaningi, amagama abo anyamalale phakade ezikhathini zasendulo, bakuthola kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi isakhiwo salo kufanele sibe yini.

Khona-ke kwakungekho nhlobo okhiye abamnyama futhi, ngokufanele, abadlali babengenalo ithuba lokudlala ama-semitones, okuthi, cishe, ayenamaphutha. Singakhohlwa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-classical lwamanothi ayisikhombisa lwazalelwa ezingxabano isikhathi eside.

Akukho lapho ongathuthukisa khona?

Umculo uphelezele umuntu kusukela ezikhathini lapho zazingekho izifundazwe okwamanje, futhi uye wathuthuka ngokusondelana hhayi kuphela nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nezinguquko ezijwayelekile ekubukeni kwezwe komuntu.

Ipiyano ithathe iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000 ukwakha insimbi esijwayele ukuyibona nokuyizwa.

Futhi lapho, njengoba kubonakala, akukho lapho singathuthuka khona, intuthuko izosethula ngezimanga eziningi, ungangabazi!