Izihlobo zasendulo zopiyano: umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi

Ipiyano ngokwayo iwuhlobo lwepianoforte. Ipiyano ayikwazi ukuqondwa kuphela njengensimbi enohlelo olume mpo lwezintambo, kodwa futhi njengepiyano, lapho izintambo zelulwe ngokuvundlile. Kodwa lolu upiyano lwesimanje esijwayele ukulibona, futhi ngaphambi kwalo kwakunezinye izinhlobo zezinsimbi zekhibhodi ezinezintambo ezingahlobene kangako nethuluzi esilijwayele.

Kudala, umuntu wayekwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinsimbi ezifana upiyano pyramidal, upiyano lyre, upiyano bureau, upiyano ihabhu nabanye.

Ngokwezinga elithile, i-clavichord ne-harpsichord ingabizwa ngokuthi izandulela upiyano lwesimanje. Kodwa lokhu kwakamuva kwakune-dynamics eqhubekayo yomsindo, okuyinto, ngaphezu kwalokho, yaphela ngokushesha.

Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, okuthiwa "i-clavititerium" yadalwa - i-clavichord enokuhlelwa okuqondile kwezintambo. Ngakho-ke ake siqale ngokulandelana...

UClavichord

Leli thuluzi elingelona elidala lifanelwe ukukhulunywa ngokukhethekile. Uma kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ikwazile ukwenza lokho okwahlala kuyimpikiswano iminyaka eminingi: ekugcineni unqume ngokuhlukana kwe-octave ibe amathoni, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-semitones.

Ngalokhu kufanele sibonge uSebastian Bach, owenze lo msebenzi omkhulukazi. Waziwa nangokuthi ungumbhali wezincwadi ezingamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili ezibhalelwe i-clavichord ngqo.

Eqinisweni, zazibhalelwe ukudlalwa ekhaya: i-clavichord yayithule kakhulu kumahholo ekhonsathi. Kodwa ekhaya, wayeyithuluzi eliyigugu ngempela, ngakho-ke wahlala edumile isikhathi eside.

Isici esihlukile sezinsimbi zekhibhodi yangaleso sikhathi kwakuyizintambo ezinobude obufanayo. Lokhu kwakwenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukulungiswa kwensimbi, ngakho-ke imiklamo enezintambo ezinobude obuhlukahlukene yaqala ukwakhiwa.

I-Harpsichord

Ambalwa amakhibhodi anomklamo ongajwayelekile njenge-harpsichord. Kuyo, ungabona kokubili izintambo kanye nekhibhodi, kodwa lapha umsindo awukhishwanga ngokushaywa kwesando, kodwa ngabalamuleli. Ukuma kwe-harpsichord sekuvele kusikhumbuza kakhulu upiyano lwesimanje, njengoba iqukethe izintambo ezinobude obuhlukahlukene. Kodwa, njenge-pianoforte, i-harpsichord enamaphiko yayingenye yemiklamo evamile.

Olunye uhlobo lwalufana nebhokisi elingunxande, ngezinye izikhathi eliyisikwele. Kwakukhona kokubili ama-harpsichord avundlile kanye nawaqondile, angaba mkhulu kakhulu kunomklamo ovundlile.

Njenge-clavichord, i-harpsichord yayingeyona insimbi yamahholo amakhulu ekhonsathi - kwakuyinsimbi yasekhaya noma ye-salon. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iye yazuza idumela njengethuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuhlanganisa.

Kancane kancane, i-harpsichord yaqala ukuphathwa njengethoyizi elihle labantu abathandekayo. Ithuluzi lalenziwe ngokhuni oluyigugu futhi lalihlotshiswe ngokucebile.

Amanye ama-harpsichords ayenamakhibhodi amabili anamandla ahlukene omsindo, ama-pedals anamathiselwe kuwo - ukuhlolwa kwakunqunyelwe kuphela umcabango wamakhosi, ababefuna ukuhlukanisa umsindo owomile we-harpsichord nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi simo sengqondo sabangela ukwazisa okuphezulu komculo obhalelwe i-harpsichord.

Manje leli thuluzi, nakuba lingadumile njengakuqala, lisatholakala ngezinye izikhathi.

Ingazwakala kumakhonsathi omculo wasendulo kanye ne-avant-garde. Nakuba kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abaculi besimanje banamathuba amaningi okusebenzisa i-synthesizer yedijithali enamasampuli alingisa umsindo we-harpsichord kunensimbi ngokwayo. Noma kunjalo, akuvamile kulezi zinsuku.

upiyano olulungisiwe

Ngokunembayo, okulungiselelwe. Noma kushuniwe. Ingqikithi ayishintshi: ukuze uguqule imvelo yomsindo wezintambo, ukuklama kwepiyano yesimanje kushintshiwe ngandlela-thile, ukubeka izinto ezihlukahlukene namadivayisi ngaphansi kwezintambo noma ukukhipha imisindo hhayi kakhulu ngezihluthulelo njengezindlela ezithuthukisiwe. : ngezinye izikhathi nomlamuleli, futhi ezimweni ezinganakiwe ikakhulukazi - ngeminwe.

Njengokungathi umlando we-harpsichord uyaziphinda, kodwa ngendlela yesimanje. Lolo wupiyano lwesimanje nje, uma ungagxambukeli kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwalo, lungasebenza amakhulu eminyaka.

Amasampula angawodwana asinda kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye (isibonelo, ifemu ethi "Smith & Wegner", IsiNgisi "Smidt & Wegener"), futhi manje inomsindo ocebile kakhulu nocebile, cishe ongafinyeleleki ezinsimbini zamanje.

Absolute exotic - ikati upiyano

Uma uzwa igama elithi "piano yekati", ekuqaleni kubonakala sengathi leli yigama lesingathekiso. Kodwa cha, upiyano olunjalo ngempela lwaluhlanganisa ikhibhodi kanye .... amakati. I-Atrocity, yebo, futhi umuntu kufanele abe nenani elilinganayo le-sadism ukuze akwazi ukwazisa ngempela amahlaya angaleso sikhathi. Amakati ayehlaliswe ngokwamazwi awo, amakhanda awo ephume edekhini, nemisila yawo yayibonakala ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kwaba ngabo ukuthi badonse ukuze bakhiphe imisindo yokuphakama ababekufuna.

Manje, yiqiniso, upiyano olunjalo lungenzeka ngokwesimiso, kodwa bekungaba ngcono uma iNhlangano Yokuvikela Izilwane ibingazi ngakho. Ziyahlanya zingekho.

Kodwa ungakhululeka, leli thuluzi lenzeka ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha elikude, okungukuthi ngo-1549, ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwenkosi yaseSpain eBrussels. Izincazelo ezimbalwa nazo ziyatholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa akusacaci ukuthi la mathuluzi asekhona yini, noma izinkumbulo ezihlekisayo kuphela ezisele ngazo.

Nakuba kwakunamahemuhemu okuthi yake yasetshenziswa i-I.Kh ethile. Isitimela sokwelapha inkosana yase-Italy ye-melancholy. Ngokusho kwakhe, ithuluzi elinjalo elihlekisayo bekufanele liphazamise inkosana emicabangweni yayo edabukisayo.

Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe kwakuwunya ezilwaneni, kodwa futhi intuthuko enkulu ekwelapheni abagula ngengqondo, okwakuphawula ukuzalwa kokwelashwa kwengqondo ebuntwaneni bayo.

 Kule vidiyo, i-harpsichordist yenza i-sonata ku-D encane u-Domenico Scarlatti (Domenico Scarlatti):