Ramon Vargas |

URamon Vargas

URamon Vargas wazalelwa eMexico City futhi wayengowesikhombisa emkhayeni onabantwana abayisishiyagalolunye. Lapho eneminyaka engu-1982, wajoyina ikhwaya yezingane yabafana beSonto likaMadonna laseGuadalupe. Umqondisi wayo womculo wayengumpristi owafunda e-Academy yaseSanta Cecilia. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi, u-Vargas wenza i-debut yakhe njengomuntu ocula yedwa e-Theatre of Arts. URamon waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eCardinal Miranda Institute of Music, lapho u-Antonio Lopez noRicardo Sanchez babengabaholi bakhe. Ngo-1986, uRamón wenza uHayden wakhe wokuqala eLo Special, eMonterrey, futhi wawina umncintiswano weCarlo Morelli National Vocal. Ngo-1990, umculi wawina umncintiswano we-Enrico Caruso Tenor eMilan. Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Vargas wathuthela e-Austria futhi waphothula izifundo zakhe esikoleni samazwi se-Vienna State Opera ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaLeo Müller. Ngo-XNUMX, umculi wakhetha indlela "yomculi wamahhala" futhi wahlangana noRodolfo Celletti odumile eMilan, osenguthisha wakhe wezwi kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, wenza izindima eziyinhloko Zurich ( "Fra Diavolo"), Marseille ( "Lucia di Lammermoor"), Vienna ( "Magic Flute").

Ngo-1992, u-Vargas wenza i-debut yamazwe ngamazwe eyadumazayo: i-New York Metropolitan Opera yamema i-tenor ukuthi izongena esikhundleni sikaLuciano Pavarotti eLucia de Lammermoor, kanye noJune Anderson. Ngo-1993 waqala ukubonakala e-La Scala njengo-Fenton ekukhiqizeni okusha kwe-Falstaff eqondiswa u-Giorgio Strehler no-Riccardo Muti. Ngo-1994, u-Vargas wathola ilungelo lokuhlonishwa lokuvula isizini e-Met nephathi ye-Duke e-Rigoletto. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ube ngumhlobiso wazo zonke izigaba eziyinhloko - iMetropolitan, La Scala, Covent Garden, Bastille Opera, Colon, Arena di Verona, Real Madrid nabanye abaningi.

Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe, u-Vargas wenza izindima ezingaphezu kuka-50, okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo: URiccardo e-Un ballo e-maschera, uManrico e-Il trovatore, indima yesihloko kuDon Carlos, uMbusi eRigoletto, u-Alfred eLa traviata ngu. U-J. Verdi, u-Edgardo ku-“Lucia di Lammermoor” kanye ne-Nemorino ku-“Love Potion” ka-G. Donizetti, u-Rudolph ku-“La Boheme” ka-G. Puccini, i-Romeo ku-“Romeo noJuliet” ka-C. Gounod, u-Lensky ku-“Eugene Onegin” nguP. Tchaikovsky. Phakathi kwemisebenzi egqamile yomculi yindima kaRudolf ku-opera kaG. Verdi ethi “Luise Miller”, ayidlala okokuqala ekukhiqizeni okusha eMunich, isihloko esithi “Idomeneo” kaW. Mozart kuMkhosi waseSalzburg nase-Salzburg e-Paris; U-Chevalier de Grieux ku-“Manon” ka-J. Massenet, u-Gabriele Adorno ku-opera ethi “Simon Boccanegra” ka-G. Verdi, u-Don Ottavio ku-“Don Giovanni” ku-Metropolitan Opera, u-Hoffmann ku-“The Tales of Hoffmann” ka-J. Offenbach eLa Scala.

URamon Vargas unikeza amakhonsathi ngentshiseko emhlabeni wonke. Iculo lakhe lekhonsathi liyamangaza ekusebenzisaneni kwezinto ezihlukahlukene - lena ingoma yakudala yesiNtaliyane, kanye nengoma yothando yaseJalimane uLieder, kanye nezingoma zabaqambi baseFrance, iSpanishi nabaseMexico bekhulu le-19 nelama-20.

I-Tenor yase-Mexico u-Ramón Vargas ungomunye wabaculi abasebasha abakhulu besikhathi sethu, ocula ngempumelelo ezigabeni ezihamba phambili zomhlaba. Eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi edlule, wabamba iqhaza kuMqhudelwano we-Enrico Caruso eMilan, owaba yisisekelo sakhe sekusasa eliqhakazile. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umculi wodumo uGiuseppe Di Stefano asho khona ngensizwa yaseMexico: “Ekugcineni sathola umuntu ocula kahle. I-Vargas inezwi elincane, kodwa isimo sengqondo esikhanyayo nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu.

UVargas ukholelwa ukuthi le nhlanhla yamthola enhlokodolobha yaseLombard. Ucula kakhulu e-Italy, osekuyikhaya lakhe lesibili. Ngonyaka odlule umbone ematasatasa ngezinhlelo ezibalulekile ze-Verdi operas: eLa Scala Vargas wacula ku-Requiem noRigoletto noRiccardo Muti, e-United States wadlala indawo kaDon Carlos ku-opera yegama elifanayo, ingasaphathwa eyomculo kaVerdi. , ayicula eNew York. York, Verona kanye Tokyo. U-Ramon Vargas ukhuluma no-Luigi Di Fronzo.

Uwubheke kanjani umculo?

Ngangicishe ngilingane nendodana yami uFernando manje - emihlanu nengxenye. Ngangicula ekwayeni yezingane yeSonto likaMadonna waseGuadalupe eDolobheni laseMexico. Umqondisi wethu womculo wayengumpristi owayefunda e-Accademia Santa Cecilia. Yile ndlela isisekelo sami somculo esakhiwe ngayo: hhayi kuphela ngokwesu lobuciko, kodwa nangolwazi lwezitayela. Sasicula ikakhulukazi umculo kaGregory, kodwa futhi nemisebenzi ye-polyphonic yangekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa neshumi nesishiyagalombili, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi yobuciko kaMozart noVivaldi. Ezinye izingoma zenziwa okokuqala ngqa, njengeMisa likaPapa uMarcellus Palestrina. Kwakuyisenzakalo esingavamile nesizuzisa kakhulu ekuphileni kwami. Ngagcina ngidlala yedwa e-Arts Theatre ngineminyaka eyishumi.

Lokhu ngokungangabazeki ukufaneleka komunye uthisha ...

Yebo, nganginothisha okhethekile wokucula, u-Antonio Lopez. Wayecophelela kakhulu ngephimbo labafundi bakhe. Okuphambene ncamashi nalokho okwenzeka e-United States, lapho iphesenti labaculi abakwaziyo ukuqala umsebenzi wabo liyindida uma liqhathaniswa nenani labanephimbo nabafunda izingoma. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uthisha kumelwe akhuthaze umfundi ukuba alandele isimo sakhe esiqondile, kuyilapho ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izindlela zobudlova. Okubi kakhulu kothisha bakuphoqa ukuthi ulingise isitayela esithile sokucula. Futhi lokho kusho ukuphela.

Abanye, njengoDi Stefano, baphikisa ngokuthi othisha banendaba encane uma beqhathaniswa nomzwelo wemvelo. Uyavumelana nalokhu?

Ngokuyisisekelo vuma. Ngoba lapho kungekho similo noma izwi elihle, ngisho nesibusiso sikapapa asikwazi ukukucula. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile. Umlando wobuciko obudlalwayo wazi amazwi amakhulu “enziwe”, njengo-Alfredo Kraus, isibonelo (yize kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ngingumlandeli kaKraus). Futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona abaculi abanikezwe ithalenta lemvelo elishiwoyo, njengoJosé Carreras, ophikisana ngqo noKraus.

Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi eminyakeni yokuqala yempumelelo yakho wawufika njalo eMilan uzofunda noRodolfo Celletti?

Iqiniso liwukuthi, eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngafunda kuye futhi namuhla ngezinye izikhathi siyahlangana. UCelletti uwubuntu nothisha wesiko elikhulu. Smart futhi ukunambitheka okukhulu.

Isiphi isifundo abahlabeleli abakhulu abasifundise abaculi besizukulwane sakho?

Umuzwa wabo wedrama kanye nemvelo kumele uvuselelwe ngazo zonke izindlela. Ngivame ukucabanga ngesitayela somculo esihlukanisa abadlali abadumile njengo-Caruso no-Di Stefano, kodwa futhi nangomqondo wemidlalo yaseshashalazini olahlekile manje. Ngicela ukuthi ungiqonde kahle: ukuhlanzeka nokunemba kwe-philological maqondana neyokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa umuntu akufanele akhohlwe mayelana nokulula okuvezayo, okuyinto, ekugcineni, enikeza imizwa ecacile kakhulu. Ihaba elingenangqondo kufanele futhi kugwenywe.

Uvame ukusho u-Aureliano Pertile. Kungani?

Ngoba, nakuba izwi likaPertile lalingelona elimnandi kakhulu emhlabeni, lalibonakala ngokuhlanzeka kokukhiqizwa komsindo nokuzwakalayo, okukodwa kohlobo oluthile. Kusukela kulo mbono, uPertile wafundisa isifundo esingasoze salibaleka ngesitayela esingaqondwa ngokugcwele namuhla. Ukungaguquguquki kwakhe njengotolika, ukucula okungenazo ukuklabalasa namaphimbo, kufanele kuhlolwe kabusha. UPertile walandela isiko elivela esikhathini esidlule. Wazizwa esondelene noGigli kunoCaruso. Ngiphinde ngikhonze kakhulu uGigli.

Kungani kukhona abaqhubi “abafanele” i-opera nabanye abangazweli kangako uhlobo?

Angazi, kodwa kumculi lo mehluko udlala indima enkulu. Qaphela ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lokuziphatha luyabonakala phakathi kwezinye zezilaleli: lapho umqhubi eya phambili, angamnaki umculi esiteji. Noma lapho izinduku zomqhubi omkhulu “zimboza” amazwi asesiteji, zifuna iqembu le-orchestra elinamandla kakhulu neligqamile. Bakhona nokho ama-conductor okumnandi ukusebenza nabo. Amagama? Muti, Levine and Viotti. Abaculi abathokozelayo uma umculi ecula kahle. Bejabulela inothi elihle eliphezulu sengathi belidlala nomculi.

Yaba yini imigubho ye-Verdi eyenzeka yonke indawo ngo-2001 emhlabeni we-opera?

Lesi yisikhathi esibalulekile sokukhula okuhlangene, ngoba i-Verdi ingumgogodla wendlu ye-opera. Nakuba ngithanda u-Puccini, u-Verdi, ngokombono wami, ungumbhali ohlanganisa umoya we-melodrama ngaphezu kwanoma ubani omunye. Hhayi nje ngenxa yomculo, kodwa ngenxa yokudlala kwengqondo ecashile phakathi kwabalingiswa.

Ushintsha kanjani umbono wezwe lapho umculi ezuza impumelelo?

Kunengozi yokuba umuntu othanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuze ube nezimoto eziningi ezinamandla, izingubo ezinhle kakhulu nezinhle, izindlu ezithengiswayo kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Le ngozi kufanele igwenywe ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukungavumeli imali ikuthonye. Ngizama ukwenza umsebenzi wokusiza umphakathi. Nakuba ngingelona ikholwa kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele ngibuyisele emphakathini lokho imvelo enginikeze yona ngomculo. Kunoma yikuphi, ingozi ikhona. Kubalulekile, njengoba isaga sisho, ukungaphambanisi impumelelo nokufaneleka.

Ingabe impumelelo engalindelekile ingase ibeke engcupheni umsebenzi womculi?

Ngomqondo othile, yebo, nakuba leyo kungeyona inkinga yangempela. Namuhla, imingcele ye-opera inwetshiwe. Hhayi nje ngoba, ngenhlanhla, azikho izimpi noma izifo eziwumshayabhuqe eziphoqa ukuthi izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi zivalwe futhi zenze amadolobha namazwe ngamanye angafinyeleleki, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-opera isiphenduke into yamazwe ngamazwe. Uhlupho yikuthi bonke abahlabeleli bafuna ukuhambela umhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokwala izimemo emazwenikazi amane. Cabanga ngomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokho isithombe esasiyikho eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule nalokho esiyikho namuhla. Kodwa le ndlela yokuphila inzima futhi inzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezikhathi lapho ukusikeka kwenziwa kuma-opera: ama-arias amabili noma amathathu, i-duet edumile, i-ensemble, futhi kwanele. Manje benza konke okulotshiwe, uma kungenjalo.

Uyawuthanda nomculo omncane...

Lokhu kuyisifiso sami sakudala. UMichael Jackson, ama-Beatles, abaculi be-jazz, kodwa ikakhulukazi umculo owenziwe abantu, isigaba esiphansi somphakathi. Ngalo, abantu abahluphekayo baziveza imizwa yabo.

Ingxoxo no-Ramon Vargas eyanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Amadeus ngo-2002. Ukushicilelwa nokuhumusha okuvela ku-Italian ngu-Irina Sorokina.