Alexander Vasilyevich Gauk |

Alexander Gauk

Umculi Wabantu we-RSFSR (1954). Ngo-1917 waphothula ePetrograd Conservatory, lapho afunda khona upiyano ngu-EP Daugovet, izingoma zika-VP Kalafati, J. Vitol, futhi eziqhutshwa nguNN Cherepnin. Wabe eseba umqhubi wePetrograd Theatre of Musical Drama. Ngo-1920-31 wayengumqhubi we-Leningrad Opera ne-Ballet Theatre, lapho ayedlala khona kakhulu ama-ballet (i-The Four Seasons kaGlazunov, i-Stravinsky's Pulcinella, i-Gliere's The Red Poppy, njll.). Wasebenza njengomqhubi we-symphony. Ngo-1930-33 wayengumqhubi oyinhloko we-Leningrad Philharmonic, ngo-1936-41 - we-State Symphony Orchestra yase-USSR, ngo-1933-36 umqhubi, ngo-1953-62 umqhubi omkhulu kanye nomqondisi wezobuciko we-Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra of the All. -Umsakazo weNyunyana.

Imisebenzi yesikhumbuzo yayithathe indawo ekhethekile kuqoqo oluhlukahlukene lukaGauk. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, inani lemisebenzi kaDD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturian, Yu. A. Shaporin nabanye abaqambi baseSoviet baqalwa kuqala. Umsebenzi we-pedagogical we-Gauk wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bomqhubi weSoviet. Ngo-1927-33 no-1946-48 wafundisa e-Leningrad Conservatory, ngo-1941-43 e-Tbilisi Conservatory, ngo-1939-63 e-Moscow Conservatory, futhi kusukela ngo-1948 ube nguprofesa. Abafundi bakaGauk bahlanganisa u-EA Mravinsky, A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, KA Simeonov, EP Grikurov, EF Svetlanov, NS Rabinovich, ES Mikeladze, nabanye.

Umbhali we-symphony, i-symphonietta ye-orchestra yezintambo, i-overture, amakhonsathi ane-orchestra (yehabhu, upiyano), ezothando neminye imisebenzi. Wadlala i-opera ethi The Marriage ka-Mussorgsky (1917), The Seasons kanye nemijikelezo emi-2 yezothando zikaTchaikovsky (1942), njll. Ubuyisele i-symphony yokuqala ka-Rachmaninov esebenzisa amazwi e-orchestra asekhona. Izahluko ezivela kuzikhumbuzo zikaGauk zanyatheliswa eqoqweni elithi "The Mastery of the Performing Artist", M., 1.

“Iphupho lokuqhuba ibhola belilokhu likumi kusukela ngineminyaka emithathu,” kubhala uGauck encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo. Futhi kusukela esemncane, wayelokhu elwela ukufeza leli phupho. Esikoleni saseSt. Petersburg Conservatory, uGauk wafunda upiyano noF. Blumenfeld, wabe esefunda ukuqamba noV. Kalafati, I. Vitol no-A. Glazunov, waba ingcweti kwezobuciko bokucula ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaN. Cherepnin.

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni sokufundela ubukhazikhazi ngonyaka we-Great October Revolution, uGauk waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuba umphelezeli eMusical Drama Theatre. Futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokunqoba kwamandla aseSoviet, waqala ukuma endaweni yesikhulumi ukuze enze umdlalo wakhe wokuqala emdlalweni we-opera. NgoNovemba 1 (ngokwesitayela esidala) "Cherevichki" kaTchaikovsky yenziwa.

UGauk waba omunye wabaculi bokuqala abanquma ukunikeza ithalenta lakhe enkonzweni yabantu. Phakathi neminyaka enzima yempi yombango, wenza phambi kwamasosha e-Red Army njengengxenye yeqembu lobuciko, futhi phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili, kanye ne-Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, waya eSvirstroy, ePavlovsk naseSestroretsk. Ngakho, amagugu amasiko ezwe avulwa phambi kwezilaleli ezintsha.

Indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kokudala komculi yadlalwa eminyakeni lapho ehola i-Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (1931-1533). UGauk ubize leli qembu ngokuthi “uthisha wakhe.” Kodwa lapha ukucebisana kwenzekani - uGauk unokufaneleka okubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-orchestra, kamuva eyazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke. Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, umsebenzi waseshashalazini womculi wathuthuka. Njengomqhubi oyinhloko we-ballet we-Opera ne-Ballet Theatre (owayenguMariinsky), phakathi kweminye imisebenzi, wanikeza izethameli amasampula e-choreography encane yaseSoviet - "Red Whirlwind" ka-V. Deshevov (1924), "The Golden Age" (1930) futhi "Bolt" (1931) D. Shostakovich.

Ngo-1933, uGauk wathuthela eMoscow futhi kwaze kwaba ngu-1936 wasebenza njengomqhubi omkhulu we-All-Union Radio. Ubuhlobo bakhe nabaqambi baseSoviet buqiniswa nakakhulu. Uyabhala: “Ngaleyo minyaka, kwaqala isikhathi esijabulisa kakhulu, esibuhlungu nesithela izithelo emlandweni womculo waseSoviet ... u-Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky wadlala indima ekhethekile empilweni yomculo ... wama-symphony awabhala.”

Futhi esikhathini esizayo, ngemva kokuhola i-State Symphony Orchestra yase-USSR (1936-1941), uGauk, kanye nomculo we-classical, ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izingoma zabalobi baseSoviet ezinhlelweni zakhe. Uphathiswe ukusebenza kokuqala kwemisebenzi yakhe ngu-S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, A. Khachaturyata, Yu. Shaporin, V. Muradeli nabanye. Emculweni wesikhathi esidlule, uGauk wayevame ukuphendukela emisebenzini okuthi, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, abaqhubi banganakwa. Udlale ngempumelelo indalo eyisikhumbuzo yasendulo: i-oratorio “Samson” ka-Handel, iMisa lika-Bach ku-B encane, “Requiem”, uMngcwabo kanye ne-Triumphal Symphony, “Harold in Italy”, “Romeo and Julia” kaBerlioz ...

Kusukela ngo-1953, uGauk ube ngumqondisi wezobuciko kanye nomqhubi omkhulu weGrand Symphony Orchestra ye-All-Union Radio and Television. Ngokusebenza naleli qembu, uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuqoshwa okuningi okwenziwe ngaphansi kwabaphathi bakhe. Echaza indlela yokudala yozakwabo, u-A. Melik-Pashayev wabhala: “Isitayela sakhe sokuqhuba sibonakala ngokuzithiba kwangaphandle ngokushisa kwangaphakathi okungapheli, ukuqina okukhulu ekuziqeqesheni ngaphansi kwezimo “zomthwalo” ogcwele womzwelo. U-Oi utshale imali ekulungiseleleni uhlelo lonke uthando lwakhe njengomculi, lonke ulwazi lwakhe, sonke isipho sakhe sokufundisa, futhi ekhonsathini, njengokungathi uncoma umphumela wokusebenza kwakhe, wawusekela ngokungakhathali umlilo wokwenza umdlandla kubaculi be-orchestra. ,ebaswe nguye. Futhi esinye isici esiphawuleka ngokwengeziwe ekubukekeni kwakhe kobuciko: lapho uphinda, ungazikopishi, kodwa zama ukufunda umsebenzi "ngamehlo ahlukene", uhlanganisa umbono omusha ngokuhumusha okuvuthiwe futhi okuhlakaniphile, njengokungathi udlulisela imizwa nemicabango ku- ukhiye wokwenza ohlukile, ocashile.

UProfesa Gauk waletha wonke umthala wabaqhubi abakhulu baseSoviet. Ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene wafundisa eLeningrad (1927-1933), Tbilisi (1941-1943) naseMoscow (kusukela ngo-1948) e-conservatories. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona A. Melik-Pashaev, E. Mravinsky, M. Tavrizian, E. Mikeladze, E. Svetlanov, N. Rabinovich, O. Dimitriadi, K. Simeonov, E. Grikurov nabanye.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969