Ungakhetha kanjani imakrofoni? Izinhlobo zamakrofoni

Imakrofoni. Izinhlobo zama-transducers.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yanoma yimuphi umbhobho ukuthathwa. Ngokuyisisekelo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zama-transducer: ashukumisayo kanye ne-capacitive.

Amamakrofoni anamandla ibe nesakhiwo esilula futhi ayidingi ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle. Vele uwaxhume ngekhebula le-XLR female – XLR male noma XLR female – Jack 6, 3 mm kudivayisi yokuthwebula isignali efana ne-mixer, powermixer noma isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo. Ziqinile kakhulu. Zimelana nomfutho womsindo ophezulu kahle kakhulu. Zilungele ukukhulisa imithombo yomsindo ozwakalayo. Izici zabo zomsindo zingabizwa ngokuthi zifudumele.

Imibhobho ye-Condenser abe nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Badinga umthombo wamandla ovame ukunikezwa indlela yamandla e-phantom (i-voltage evame kakhulu yi-48V). Ukuze uzisebenzise, ​​udinga ikhebula le-XLR lesifazane - i-XLR elixhunywe esokhethini elinendlela yamandla e-Phantom. Ngakho-ke kufanele ube nesixhumi, i-powermixer noma isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo esifaka i-Phantom. Namuhla, lobu buchwepheshe buvamile, nakuba usengakwazi ukuhlangana nezixube, izixube zamandla kanye nezindawo zokulalelwayo ngaphandle kwazo. Amamakrofoni e-Condenser azwela kakhulu kumsindo, okuwenza adume kakhulu kuma-studio. Umbala wabo ulinganisela futhi uhlanzekile. Futhi banempendulo engcono yefrikhwensi. Nokho, azwela kangangokuthi abaculi ngokuvamile bawadinga izikrini zemakrofoni ukuze imisindo enjengokuthi “p” noma “sh” ingezwakali kabi.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo imakrofoni eyakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo se-ribbon transducer (izinhlobonhlobo zama-transducer ashukumisayo). NgesiPolish ebizwa ngokuthi iribhoni. Umsindo wabo ungachazwa njengobushelelezi. Kunconyelwe labo abafuna ukwenza kabusha izici ze-sonic zokurekhodwa okudala cishe kwazo zonke izinsimbi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kanye namazwi.

I-Microfony cardoidalne ziqondiswe ohlangothini olulodwa. Baphakamisa umsindo ophambi kwakho ngenkathi behlukanisa imisindo ekuzungezile. Iwusizo kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomsindo njengoba inokuthambekela kwempendulo ephansi.

Imakrofoni ye-Supercardoid Aphinde aqondiswe ohlangothini olulodwa futhi ahlukanise imisindo ezindaweni ezizungezile kangcono nakakhulu, nakuba ekwazi ukucosha imisindo ngemuva ezindaweni eziseduze, ngakho-ke phakathi namakhonsathi qaphela ukuma okulungile kwezipikha ezilalele. Bamelana kakhulu nempendulo.

Imakrofoni ye-Cardoid ne-supercardoid ibizwa ngokuthi imakrofoni ye-unidirectional.

Imakrofoni ye-Omni-directionalnjengoba negama lisho, bacosha imisindo nhlangothi zonke. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo, bathambekele kakhulu ekuphenduleni. Ngombhobho owodwa onjalo ungakwazi ukukhulisa iqembu labahlabeleli abaningi, abahlabeleli noma abadlali bezinsimbi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kusekhona imibhobho yezindlela ezimbili. Okuvame kakhulu ama-microphone anama-ribbon transducers. Bawuphakamisa kahle umsindo ngaphambili nangemuva, behlukanisa imisindo emaceleni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngombhobho owodwa onjalo, ungakwazi ukukhulisa imithombo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa, nakuba ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhulisa umthombo owodwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Usayizi we-diaphragm

Ngokomlando, ulwelwesi luhlukaniswa lwaba olukhulu nezincane, nakuba namuhla olungasesilinganisweni lungahlukaniswa. Ama-diaphragm amancane anokuhlasela okungcono futhi asengozini enkulu kumafrikhwensi aphezulu, kuyilapho ama-diaphragm amakhulu enikeza imibhobho umsindo ogcwele futhi oyindilinga. Ama-diaphragm amaphakathi anezici eziphakathi nendawo.

Izicelo zezinhlobo ngazinye

Manje ake sibheke ithiyori engenhla ekusebenzeni ngezibonelo zemithombo yemisindo ehlukahlukene.

Abaculayo basebenzisa kokubili imibhobho eguquguqukayo neye-condenser. Eziguquguqukayo zikhethwa esiteji esikhulu, kanye ne-capacitive ezimweni ezizimele. Lokhu akusho ukuthi imibhobho ye-condenser ayisebenzi ezimweni "ezibukhoma". Ngisho nakuma-gigs, abanikazi bamazwi acashile kufanele bacabangele imibhobho ye-condenser. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlose ukucula kakhulu kumbhobho, khumbula ukuthi imakrofoni eguquguqukayo ingakwazi ukubhekana nokucindezela komsindo ophezulu kangcono, okusebenza nasestudiyo. Ukuqondisa kwemakrofoni kuzwi ikakhulukazi kuncike enanini labaculi noma abahlabeleli abasebenzisa umbhobho owodwa ngesikhathi. Kuwo wonke amazwi, imibhobho enama-diaphragm amakhulu isetshenziswa kaningi.

Iziginci zikagesi dlulisela isignali kuma-amplifiers. Ngenkathi ama-transistor amplifier engadingi umthamo omkhulu ukuze azwakale kahle, ama-tube amplifiers adinga "ukuvulwa". Ngalesi sizathu, ama-mics ashukumisayo anconyelwa kakhulu iziginci zikagesi, zombili zesitudiyo kanye nesiteji. Amamakrofoni e-Condenser angasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwenkinga kumandla aphansi, amandla aphansi okuqinile-isimo noma izikhulisamazwi zeshubhu, ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ukukhiqiza kabusha komsindo ohlanzekile. Imakrofoni engaqondisiwe isetshenziswa kakhulu. Usayizi we-diaphragm uncike kulokho okuthandwayo komuntu siqu kwe-sonic.

Iziginci zebhesi baphinde badlulisele isignali kuma-amplifiers. Uma sifuna ukuwakhulisa ngombhobho, sisebenzisa ama-microphone ane-frequency response ekwazi ukuthola imisindo ephansi kakhulu. Ukuqondisa kohlangothi olulodwa kuyakhethwa. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-condenser nemakrofoni eguquguqukayo kuncike ekutheni umthombo womsindo uphezulu kangakanani, okungukuthi i-bass amplifier. Zivame ukuguquguquka kokubili ku-studio nasesiteji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-diaphragm enkulu iyakhethwa.

Amakhithi eDrum badinga imibhobho embalwa yesistimu yabo yomsindo. Kalula nje, izinyawo zidinga amamakrofoni anezakhiwo ezifanayo nama-bass guitar, nezigubhu zogibe nama-tom afana neziginci zikagesi, ngakho-ke ama-microphone ashukumisayo avame kakhulu lapho. Isimo siyashintsha ngokuzwakala kwamasimbali. Amamakrofoni e-Condenser akhiqiza kabusha imisindo yalezi zingxenye zekhithi yesigubhu ngokucacile, okubaluleke kakhulu kuma-hihats nama-overheads. Ngenxa yokucaciswa kwekhithi yesigubhu, lapho amamakrofoni angasondelana ndawonye, ​​amamakrofoni angaqondisiwe angakhethwa uma insimbi ngayinye yokushaywa ikhuliswa ngokuhlukana. Amamakrofoni e-Omni-directional angakwazi ukucosha izinsimbi ezimbalwa zomculo ngesikhathi esisodwa ngempumelelo enkulu, kuyilapho ebonisa ngokucace kakhudlwana ukuzwakala kwegumbi lapho izigubhu zibekwe khona. Amamakrofoni amancane we-diaphragm awusizo ikakhulukazi kuma-hihats nama-overheads, nezinyawo ezinkulu zokushaywa kwe-diaphragm. Endabeni yogibe kanye ne-toms kuyindaba evumelanayo, kuye ngomsindo ofuna ukuwufinyelela.

Iziginci ze-Acoustic zivame ukukhuliswa ngama-microphone we-condenser unidirectional, ngoba ukuhlanzeka kokukhiqizwa komsindo kuleli cala kubaluleke kakhulu. Ingcindezi yomsindo iphansi kakhulu ukuthi iziginci ze-acoustic zibe yinkinga kumakrofoni e-condenser. Ukukhethwa kosayizi we-diaphragm kuhloswe ekuthandweni komuntu siqu kwe-sonic.

Izinsimbi zomoya akhuliswa imibhobho eguquguqukayo noma ye-condenser, yomibili i-unidirectional. Ngokuvamile kuwukukhetha okusekelwe emizweni ethintekayo ehlobene nomsindo ofudumele noma ohlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka, isibonelo, amacilongo angenayo i-muffler, izinkinga zingase ziphakame nge-microphone ye-condenser ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu komsindo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imakrofoni ye-omni-directional ye-condenser ekude ingakwazi ukuthatha izinsimbi zomoya eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ezivame ukutholakala kumabhendi ethusi, kodwa kancane kancane ngamaqembu anesigaba sethusi. Umsindo ophelele kakhulu wezinsimbi zomoya unikezwa ngamakrofoni ane-diaphragm enkulu, ebaluleke kakhulu esimweni sabo. Uma kufunwa umsindo ogqamile, imibhobho emincane ye-diaphragm ingasetshenziswa njalo.

Izinsimbi zomculo ivame ukukhuliswa ngamakrofoni e-condenser, ngoba umbala ofudumele ngokwesiko ohlotshaniswa nemakrofoni aguqukayo awufaneleki esimweni sawo. Insimbi yocingo eyodwa ikhuliswa kusetshenziswa imakrofoni engaqondile. Amayunithi ezinhlamvu amaningana angakhuliswa ngokunikeza imakrofoni eyodwa yendawo yonke ensimbini ngayinye, noma zonke kusetshenziswa imakrofoni eyodwa ye-omni-directional. Uma udinga ukuhlasela okusheshayo, isb uma udlala i-pizzicato, kunconywa imibhobho emincane ye-diaphragm, ephinde inikeze umsindo ogqamile. Ngomsindo ogcwele, kusetshenziswa imibhobho ene-diaphragm enkulu.

Piano Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo, ivame ukukhuliswa ngamakrofoni ama-condenser angu-2. Kuya ngokuthi yimuphi umthelela esifuna ukuwuthola, kusetshenziswa imibhobho ye-unidirectional noma ye-omni-directional. Ngokuvamile, izintambo ezincanyana zikhuliswa nge-microphone ene-diaphragm encane, futhi emikhulu ene-diaphragm enkulu, nakuba ama-microphone angu-2 ane-diaphragm enkulu angasetshenziswa uma amanothi aphezulu azogcwala.

Isifinyezo

Ukukhetha umbhobho ofanele kubaluleke kakhulu uma ufuna ukukhulisa ngempumelelo amazwi noma izinsimbi ngesikhathi sekhonsathi noma uziqophe ekhaya noma estudiyo. Umbhobho okhethwe kabi ungonakalisa umsindo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwufanisa nomthombo womsindo onikeziwe ukuze uthole umphumela ofanele.

Amazwana