Izikhulisa-zwi - ukwakhiwa kanye nemingcele

Isistimu yomsindo elula kunazo zonke iqukethe izakhi ezimbili eziyinhloko, izikhulisa-zwi nama-amplifiers. Esihlokweni esingenhla, uzofunda okwengeziwe mayelana neyokuqala kanye nokuthi yini okufanele uyinake lapho uthenga umsindo wethu omusha.

Isakhiwo

Isipikha ngasinye sinendlu, izipikha kanye ne-crossover.

Izindlu, njengoba wazi, zaziwa kakhulu njengekhaya lezikhulumi. Yakhelwe ngokukhethekile i-transducer ethile, ngakho-ke uma uke wafuna ukufaka esikhundleni sezipikha ngaphandle kwalezo ezakhelwe zona indlu, kufanele ucabangele ukulahleka kwekhwalithi yomsindo. Isipikha ngokwaso singase sonakaliswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngenxa yemingcele yezindlu engafanele.

I-crossover yesipikha esikhulumayo nayo iyisici esibalulekile. Umsebenzi we-crossover ukuhlukanisa isignali efinyelela kusipikha sibe amabhande ambalwa amancane, ngalinye liphinde likhiqizwe yisipikha esifanelekayo. Njengoba izikhulumi eziningi zingakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha uhla olugcwele kahle, ukusebenzisa i-crossover kuyadingeka. Amanye ama-crossovers wesipikha nawo ane-bulb esetshenziswa ukuvikela i-tweeter ekushiseni.

Izinhlobo zamakholomu

Okuvame kakhulu izinhlobo ezintathu zamakholomu:

• Izipikha ezigcwele ububanzi

• amasathelayithi

• izipikha zebhesi.

Uhlobo lwesikhulisa-zwi esisidingayo luncike ngokuphelele ekutheni sizosebenzisa ini isimiso sethu se-sound.

Ikholomu ye-bass, njengoba negama lisho, isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza kabusha amaza aphansi, kuyilapho isathelayithi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza kabusha lonke elinye ibhendi. Kungani kunokuhlukana okungaka? Okokuqala, ukuze "ungakhathali" ama-satellites ngokweqile kwamaza aphansi kakhulu. Kulokhu, i-crossover esebenzayo isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa isignali.

Isipikha sebhendi esigcwele, njengoba igama lisho, sikhiqiza kabusha lonke uhla lomkhawulokudonsa. Lesi sixazululo sisebenza kaningi emicimbini emincane, lapho singadingi ivolumu ephezulu kanye nenani elikhulu lamafrikhwensi aphansi kakhulu. Ikholomu enjalo ingasebenza njengesathelayithi. Ngokuvamile kusekelwe ku-tweeter, midrange kanye ne-woofer (imvamisa engu-15 ”), okungukuthi idizayini yezindlela ezintathu.

Kukhona futhi ukwakhiwa kwezindlela ezimbili, kodwa ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu (kodwa hhayi njalo), ngoba esikhundleni se-tweeter kanye nomshayeli we-midrange, sinomshayeli wesiteji.

Uyini-ke umehluko phakathi komshayeli no-tweeter? Ingadlala ebangeni elibanzi lamafrikhwensi.

Ama-tweeters athandwa kakhulu ane-crossover ekhethwe kahle angadlala ngokuphumelelayo kusuka ku-4000 Hz, kuyilapho umshayeli engakwazi ukudlala kusuka kumafrikhwensi aphansi kakhulu, ngisho ne-1000 Hz esimweni sabashayeli bezinga eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke sinezici ezimbalwa ku-crossover nomsindo ongcono, kodwa akudingeki sisebenzise umshayeli we-midrange.

Uma sifuna amakholomu emicimbi emincane, esondelene, singazama ukukhetha ukwakhiwa kwezindlela ezintathu. Ngenxa yalokho, futhi kuyizindleko eziphansi ngoba yonke inikwe amandla yi-amplifier yamandla eyodwa futhi asidingi i-crossover ukuze sihlukanise ibhendi njengasendabeni yesathelayithi ne-woofer, ngoba isikhulumi esinjalo ngokuvamile sinomklamo oklanywe kahle. i-crossover eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Kodwa-ke, uma sihlela ukwandisa imishini ngezigaba ngenhloso yokunikeza umsindo ezenzakalweni ezinkulu noma sifuna isethi yezilinganiso ezincane, kufanele sibheke ama-satellites okudingeka sikhethe kuwo ama-woofers engeziwe (ama-bass). Kodwa-ke, lesi yisixazululo esibiza kakhulu, kodwa futhi singcono ngokwengxenye, ngoba sonke sinikwa amandla ama-amplifiers amabili noma ngaphezulu (kuye ngokuthi inani lomsindo) kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamafrikhwensi phakathi kwesathelayithi ne-bass kuhlukaniswe isihlungi se-elekthronikhi, noma i-crossover.

Kungani i-crossover ingcono kune-crossover yendabuko? Izihlungi ze-elekthronikhi zivumela ukuthambeka kwemithambeka ezingeni lika-24 dB/oct nangaphezulu, kuyilapho esimweni sokuphambana kwe-passive, sivame ukuthola u-6, 12, 18 dB/oct. Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngokwenza? Kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi izihlungi azizona "izembe" futhi azisiki ngokuphelele imvamisa ye-crossover ku-crossover. Uma umthambeko umkhulu, kuba ngcono la mafrikhwensi “anqunywa”, okusinika ikhwalithi yomsindo engcono futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa okuncane ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe umugqa webanga lefrikhwensi ekhishiwe.

I-crossover enezingqimba engenzi lutho idala izenzakalo eziningi ezingathandeki kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokwakhiwa kwekholomu (amakhoyili abizayo aphezulu nama-capacitor), futhi kunzima ukuyifinyelela ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe.

Amapharamitha ekholomu

Isethi yepharamitha ichaza izici zekholomu. Kufanele siqale sinake lapho sithenga. Akudingekile ukusho, amandla akuyona ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu. Umkhiqizo omuhle kufanele ube nemingcele echazwe ngokunembile kanye nezindinganiso zokulinganisa ezinembayo.

Ngezansi isethi yedatha evamile okufanele itholakale encazelweni yomkhiqizo:

• Libra

• Amandla e-Sinusoidal / Nominal / RMS / AES (AES = RMS) avezwa ngama-Watts [W]

• Ukusebenza kahle, noma ukusebenza kahle, i-SPL (inikezwe ngezinga elifanele lokulinganisa, isb. 1W / 1M) evezwe ngama-decibel [dB]

• Impendulo yefrikhwensi, evezwa nge-hertz [Hz], enikezwe ukwehla kwefrikhwensi ethile (isb. -3 dB, -10dB).

Sizothatha ikhefu kancane lapha. Ngokuvamile, ezincazelweni zezikhulisa-zwi ezisezingeni eliphansi, umenzi unikeza impendulo yemvamisa engu-20-20000 Hz. Ngaphandle kwebanga lemvamisa lapho indlebe yomuntu isabela khona, vele, i-20 Hz iyimvamisa ephansi kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola imishini yasesiteji, ikakhulukazi i-semi-professional. Isipikha se-bass esimaphakathi sidlala ukusuka ku-40 Hz ngokuncipha okungu--3db. Isigaba esiphezulu sezinto zokusebenza, imvamisa yesipikha izokwehla.

• Ukuphazamiseka, kuvezwe ngama-ohms (imvamisa 4 noma 8 ohms)

• Izikhulumi ezisetshenzisiwe (okungukuthi iziphi izipikha ezisetshenziswe kukholamu)

• Isicelo, inhloso jikelele yemishini

Isifinyezo

Ukukhetha umsindo akuyona into elula futhi kulula ukwenza amaphutha. Ukwengeza, ukuthengwa kwezikhulisa-zwi ezinhle kwenziwa kube nzima ngenani elikhulu lemishini esezingeni eliphansi etholakala emakethe.

Ekunikezeni kwesitolo sethu uzothola iziphakamiso eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Ngezansi kunohlu lwamabhrendi athandwayo okufanele ukunakwa. Futhi, qaphela imishini yokukhiqiza yasePoland, okuyinto kuphela ngombono ojwayelekile omubi kakhulu, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa ngokuqondile kuhle njengemiklamo eminingi yangaphandle.

• I-JBL

• Electro Voice

• I-FBT

• Izinhlelo ze-LD

• Mackie

• I-LLC

• I-RCF

• Umsindo we-TW

Ngezansi kunohlu lwamathiphu asebenzayo, okufanele futhi ukunakwa okukhethekile ukuze uzivikele ekuthengeni isistimu yomsindo empofu:

• Inani lezikhulisazwi kukholomu - izakhiwo ezisolisayo zivame ukuba nama-tweeter amaningana - i-piezoelectric, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ehlukile. Isipikha esakhiwe kahle kufanele sibe ne-tweeter/umshayeli oyedwa

• Amandla amakhulu (kungashiwo ngokunengqondo ukuthi isipikha esincane, sithi 8 ”, asikwazi ukuthatha amandla aphezulu kakhulu angu-1000W.

• Isipikha esingu-15 ″ sifaneleka kumklamo onezindlela ezintathu, noma umklamo onezindlela ezimbili ngokuhambisana nomshayeli onamandla (naka idatha yomshayeli). Endabeni yomklamo onezindlela ezimbili, udinga umshayeli onamandla, okungenani one-2 ”outlet. Izindleko zomshayeli onjalo ziphezulu, ngakho-ke intengo yesipikha kufanele ibe phezulu. Amaphakheji anjalo abonakala ngomsindo we-contoured, i-treble ephakanyisiwe kanye nebhendi ephansi, i-midrange ehoxisiwe.

• Ukuncoma ngokweqile umdayisi - umkhiqizo omuhle uyazivikela, kufanelekile futhi ukufuna imibono eyengeziwe ku-inthanethi.

• Ukubukeka okungavamile (imibala ekhanyayo, ukukhanya okungeziwe kanye nezinsiza ezihlukahlukene). Okokusebenza kufanele kube okusebenzayo, kungabonakali. Sithanda umsindo nokuthembeka, hhayi okubukwayo nokukhanya. Kufanele kuqashelwe, nokho, ukuthi iphakethe elisetshenziswa umphakathi kumele libukeke lihle impela.

• Awekho ama-grilles nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvikela izipikha. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zizogqokwa, ngakho izikhulisa-zwi kufanele zivikelwe kahle.

• Ukumiswa kwerabha ethambile kusipikha = ukusebenza kahle okuphansi. Izipikha ezithambile zokumiswa zenzelwe umsindo wasekhaya noma wemoto. Izikhulumi ezimiswe kanzima kuphela ezisetshenziswa emishinini yasesiteji.

Amazwana