Vissarion Yakovlevich Shebalin |

Vissarion Shebalin

Umuntu ngamunye kufanele abe umakhi, futhi i-Motherland kufanele ibe ithempeli lakhe. V. Shebalin

Ku-V. Shebalin the Artist, the Master, the Citizen baxhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa. Ubuqotho bemvelo yakhe kanye nokukhanga kokubukeka kwakhe kokudala, isizotha, ukusabela, ukungaguquki kuphawulwa yiwo wonke umuntu owayazi uShebalin futhi owake waxhumana naye. “Ubengumuntu omangalisayo ngendlela emangalisayo. Umusa wakhe, ukwethembeka, ukunamathela okukhethekile ezimisweni bekulokhu kungijabulisa,” kubhala uD. Shostakovich. UShebalin wayenomqondo ojulile wesimanje. Ungene emkhakheni wezobuciko enesifiso sokwenza imisebenzi ehambisana nesikhathi ayephila kuso futhi wazibonela izigameko ayekuzo. Izindikimba zemibhalo yakhe zigqama ngenxa yokufaneleka kwazo, ukubaluleka kanye nokungathí sina kwazo. Kodwa ubukhulu babo abupheli ngemuva kokugcwala kwabo okujulile kwangaphakathi kanye namandla okuziphatha okuvezwa, angeke adluliselwe ngemiphumela yangaphandle, eyimifanekiso. Kudinga inhliziyo ehlanzekile nomphefumulo ophanayo.

UShebalin wazalelwa emndenini wezihlakaniphi. Ngo-1921, wangena e-Omsk Musical College ekilasini lika-M. Nevitov (umfundi we-R. Gliere), okwathi, ngemva kokuphindaphinda inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yabalobi abahlukahlukene, waqala ukujwayelana nemisebenzi kaN. Myaskovsky. . Bahlaba umxhwele le nsizwa kangangokuthi yazinqumela ngokuqinile: esikhathini esizayo, qhubeka nokufunda kuphela noMyaskovsky. Lesi sifiso sagcwaliseka ngo-1923, lapho, ngemva kokuphothula ekolishi ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe, uShebalin efika eMoscow futhi wangeniswa eMoscow Conservatory. Ngalesi sikhathi, umthwalo wokudala womqambi osemusha wawuhlanganisa izingoma ezimbalwa ze-orchestra, inombolo yezingcezu zepiyano, izinkondlo zothando zika-R. Demel, A. Akhmatova, Sappho, ukuqala kweQuartet Yokuqala, njll. Njengomfundi wonyaka wesibili esikoleni Conservatory, wabhala i-First Symphony yakhe (2) . Futhi nakuba ngokungangabazeki kwakusabonisa ithonya likaMyaskovsky, okwathi, njengoba uShebalin ekhumbula kamuva, "wabheka emlonyeni wakhe" ngokoqobo futhi wamphatha "njengomuntu osezingeni eliphakeme", nokho, ubuntu obukhanyayo bokudala bombhali, futhi. isifiso sakhe sokucabanga ezimele. I-symphony yamukelwa ngemfudumalo eLeningrad ngoNovemba 1925 futhi yathola ukusabela okuhle kakhulu kwabezindaba. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, u-B. Asafiev wabhala kujenali ethi “Music and Revolution”: “… UShebalin ngokungangabazeki uyithalente elinamandla nelinamandla… Lesi isihlahla se-oki esincane esibambelele ngokuqinile ezimpandeni zaso emhlabathini. Uyophenduka, eluleke futhi ahlabelele ihubo lempilo elinamandla nelijabulisayo.

La mazwi aphenduka ayisiprofetho. UShebalin uthola amandla unyaka nonyaka, ubuhlakani bakhe nekhono lakhe liyakhula. Ngemva kokuphothula e-conservatory (1928), waba omunye wabafundi bayo bokuqala abaneziqu, futhi wamenywa ukuba afundise. Kusukela ngo-1935 uye waba uprofesa at Conservatory, futhi kusukela 1942 uye waba umqondisi wayo. Imisebenzi ebhalwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ivela ngokulandelana: i-symphony ephawulekayo "Lenin" (yomfundi, abadlali abacula yedwa, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra), okuwumsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu obhalelwe amavesi ka-V. Mayakovsky, ama-symphony angu-5, amakamelo amaningi. ama-ensembles wezinsimbi, okuhlanganisa ama-quartets angu-9, ama-opera angu-2 (“Ukulawulwa Kwe-Shrew” kanye “NeLanga phezu kwe-steppe”), ama-ballet angu-2 (“Isiqhwala”, “Izinkumbulo Zezinsuku Ezidlule”), i-operetta ethi “The Bridegroom from i-Embassy”, ama-cantatas ama-2, amagumbi okucula ama-orchestra angu-3, ​​amakhwaya angaphezu kuka-70, izingoma nezothando ezingaba ngu-80, umculo wezinhlelo zomsakazo, amafilimu (22), imidlalo yaseshashalazini (35).

Ukuguquguquka okunjalo kohlobo, ukumbozwa okubanzi kujwayelekile kakhulu kuShebalin. Waphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe kubafundi bakhe: “Umqambi kumelwe akwazi ukwenza yonke into.” Amazwi anjalo ngokungangabazeki ayengashiwo kuphela umuntu owayezazi kahle zonke izimfihlo zokuqamba ubuciko futhi owayengaba isibonelo esifanelekayo esingasilandela. Nokho, ngenxa yamahloni akhe okungavamile kanye nesizotha Vissarion Yakovlevich, lapho efunda nabafundi, cishe akazange abhekisela izingoma zakhe siqu. Ngisho nalapho ehalaliselwa ngokuphumelela kwalokhu noma lowo msebenzi, wazama ukuphambukisa ingxoxo eceleni. Ngakho, lapho encoma ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kwe-opera yakhe ethi The Taming of the Shrew, uShebalin, enamahloni futhi sengathi uyazithethelela, waphendula: “Kukhona…

Uhlu lwabafundi bakhe (wabuye wafundisa ukuqamba e-Central Music School nasesikoleni saseMoscow Conservatory) alihlaba umxhwele nje ngenani, kodwa futhi ekubunjweni kwalo: T. Khrennikov. A. Spadavekkia, T. Nikolaeva, K. Khachaturyan, A. Pakhmutova, S. Slonimsky, B. Tchaikovsky, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, A. Nikolaev, R. Ledenev, N. Karetnikov, V. Agafonnikov, V. Kuchera (Czechoslovakia), L. Auster, V. Enke (Estonia) nabanye. Bonke bahlanganiswe uthando nenhlonipho enkulu ngothisha - indoda enolwazi lwe-encyclopedic namakhono ahlukahlukene, okungekho lutho olungenakwenzeka ngempela. Wayezazi kahle izinkondlo nezincwadi, waziqambela izinkondlo, enolwazi oluhle kwezobuciko, ekhuluma isiLatini, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane futhi esebenzisa ezakhe izinguqulo (ngokwesibonelo, izinkondlo zika-H. Heine). Wayexhumana futhi enobungane nabantu abaningi abavelele besikhathi sakhe: noV. Mayakovsky, E. Bagritsky, N. Aseev, M. Svetlov, M. Bulgakov, A. Fadeev, Vs. Meyerhold, O. Knipper-Chekhova, V. Stanitsyn, N. Khmelev, S. Eisenstein, Ya. Protazanov nabanye.

UShebalin waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni amasiko esizwe. Ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe, okucophelelayo kwemisebenzi yasendulo yaseRussia kuye kwamvumela ukuba enze umsebenzi obalulekile wokubuyisela, ukuqedwa nokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi eminingi kaM. Glinka (Symphony on 2 Russian themes, Septet, exercises for voice, njll.) , M. Mussorgsky ("Sorochinsky Fair") , S. Gulak-Artemovsky (II isenzo se-opera "Zaporozhets ngaphesheya kweDanube"), uP. Tchaikovsky, S. Taneyev.

Umsebenzi wokudala nowenhlalakahle womqambi waphawulwa ngemiklomelo ephezulu kahulumeni. Ngo-1948, uShebalin wathola idiploma emnika isihloko esithi People's Artist of the Republic, futhi ngawo lowo nyaka waba unyaka wezilingo ezinzima kuye. NgoMyalo kaFebhuwari weKomidi Eliyinhloko le-All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "Ku-opera" Ubungane Obukhulu "" ngu-V. Muradeli, umsebenzi wakhe, njengomsebenzi wabalingani bakhe kanye nozakwabo - uShostakovich, uProkofiev, uMyaskovsky, uKhachaturian. , wagxekwa kabuhlungu nangokungafanele. Futhi nakuba eminyakeni engu-10 kamuva kwaphikiswa, ngaleso sikhathi Shebalin wasuswa ebuholini Conservatory ngisho nomsebenzi pedagogical. Ukwesekwa kwavela ku-Institute of Military Conductors, lapho uShebalin aqala khona ukufundisa wabe esehola uMnyango Wezinkolelo-mbono Zomculo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3, ​​ngesimemo somqondisi omusha we-Conservatory A. Sveshnikov, wabuyela kuprofesa we-conservatory. Kodwa-ke, ukumangalelwa okungafanelekile kanye nesilonda esidaliwe kwathinta isimo sezempilo: ukwehla komfutho wegazi ophakeme kwaholela ekushayweni kohlangothi nokukhubazeka kwesandla sokudla ... Kodwa wafunda ukubhala ngesandla sakhe sobunxele. Umqambi uqedela i-opera eqale ekuqaleni ethi The Taming of the Shrew - enye yendalo yakhe ehamba phambili - futhi udala inani leminye imisebenzi emangalisayo. Lawa ama-sonata e-violin, i-viola, i-cello nopiyano, i-Quartet yesishiyagalombili neyesishiyagalolunye, kanye ne-Fifth Symphony ebabazekayo, umculo wawo "ingoma yempilo enamandla nejabulisayo" futhi ihlukaniswa hhayi kuphela ngokukhazimula kwayo okukhethekile. , ukukhanya, ubuciko, isiqalo esiqinisekisa ukuphila, kodwa futhi nangokukhululeka okumangalisayo kokusho, lobo lula kanye nemvelo okungokwemvelo kuphela ezibonelweni eziphakeme kakhulu zendalo yobuciko.

N. Simakova