Guillaume Dufay |
UWilliam Dufay
Umqambi we-Franco-Flemish, omunye wabasunguli besikole sama-Dutch polyphonic (bona. Isikole saseDutch). Wakhulela e-metris (isikole sesonto) esontweni laseCambrai, wacula ngethemba labafana; wafunda ukuqamba no-P. de Loqueville kanye no-H. Grenon. Izingoma zokuqala (i-motet, i-ballad) zabhalwa ngesikhathi sokuhlala kukaDufay enkantolo yaseMalatesta da Rimini ePesaro (1420-26). Ngo-1428-37 wayengumculi ekwayeni yamapapa eRoma, wavakashela amadolobha amaningi e-Italy (iRoma, iTurin, iBologna, iFlorence, njll.), iFrance, neDuchy yaseSavoy. Ngemva kokuthatha imiyalo engcwele, wayehlala enkantolo yoMbusi waseSavoy (1437-44). Ngezikhathi ezithile wabuyela eCambrai; ngemva kuka-1445 wahlala lapho unomphela, eqondisa yonke imisebenzi yomculo yesonto lombhishobhi.
U-Dufay uthuthukise uhlobo oluyinhloko lwe-polyphony yesi-Dutch - inqwaba yamazwi angu-4. I-Cantus firmus, eyenzeka engxenyeni ye-tenor futhi ihlanganisa zonke izingxenye zesisindo, ivame ukubolekwa nguye ezingomeni zesintu noma zezwe ("Ubuso bakhe obuncane buphenduke baba buphaphathekile" - "Se la face au pale", ca. 1450). 1450-60s - isiqongo somsebenzi kaDufay, isikhathi sokudalwa kwemisebenzi emikhulu yama-cyclic - uquqaba. Izixuku ezigcwele eziyi-9 ziyaziwa, kanye nezingxenye ezihlukene zezixuku, ama-motets (izingoma ezingokomoya nezingezona ezezwe, ezolile, izingoma ze-motets), izingoma ze-polyphonic zezwe zamazwi - ingoma yesiFulentshi, izingoma zesiNtaliyane, njll.
Emculweni kaDufay, kuchazwe indawo yokugcina izimpahla, ubudlelwano obunamandla kakhulu buvela, imigqa yomculo iyacaca; ukukhululeka okukhethekile kwezwi lomculo ophezulu kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kokulingisa, amasu e-canonical eduze nomculo wesintu.
Ubuciko bukaDufay, obamunca impumelelo eminingi yomculo wesiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane, bathola ukuqashelwa kweYurophu futhi baba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni okwalandela kwesikole sama-polyphonic samaDashi (kuze kufike kuJosquin Despres). I-Bodleian Library ese-Oxford iqukethe imibhalo yesandla yemidlalo yesiNtaliyane engama-52 kaDufay, lapho izingoma eziyi-19 ezinamazwi ama-3-4 zashicilelwa ngu-J. Steiner ngo-Sat. UDufay nabangane bakhe (1899).
UDufay waziwa nangokuthi ungumguquli wenothi yomculo (uhlonishwa ngokwethula amanothi anamakhanda amhlophe esikhundleni samanothi amnyama asetshenziswe ngaphambilini). Imisebenzi ehlukene kaDufay yanyatheliswa nguG. Besseler emisebenzini yakhe yomculo wenkathi ephakathi, futhi ifakwe ochungechungeni oluthi "Denkmaler der Tonkunst in Österreich" (VII, XI, XIX, XXVII, XXXI).
