Gara Garayev |

UGara Garayev

Ebusheni bakhe, uKara Karaev wayengumshayeli wesithuthuthu. Umjaho othukuthele waphendula isidingo sakhe sobungozi, sokuthola umuzwa wokunqoba phezu kwakhe. Wayebuye abe nenye, ephambene ngokuphelele futhi egcinwe impilo yonke, "ezolile" ukuzilibazisa - ukuthwebula izithombe. I-lens ye-apparatus yakhe, ngokunemba okukhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iveza isimo sengqondo somuntu siqu somnikazi, ekhonjwe emhlabeni jikelele - yahlwitha ukunyakaza komuntu odlulayo emfuleni ogcwele wedolobha, yalungisa ukubukeka okujabulisayo noma okucabangelayo, yenza ama-silhouettes. yezinsimbi zikawoyela ezikhuphuka ekujuleni kweCaspian "ikhuluma" mayelana nosuku lwamanje, nangesikhathi esedlule - amagatsha omile wesihlahla sikamalibhele esidala i-Apsheron noma izakhiwo ezibabazekayo zaseGibhithe lasendulo ...

Kwanele ukulalela imisebenzi edalwe umqambi ophawulekayo wase-Azerbaijani, futhi kuyacaca ukuthi izinto zokuzilibazisa zikaKaraev ziwumfanekiso walokho okuyisici somculo wakhe. Ubuso bokudala bukaKaraev bubonakala ngenhlanganisela yomoya okhanyayo nokubala okunembile kobuciko; imibala ehlukahlukene, ukucebile kwephalethi yomzwelo - ngokujula kwengqondo; isithakazelo ezindabeni eziyizihloko zesikhathi sethu sasihlala kuye kanye nesithakazelo emlandweni wesikhathi esidlule. Wabhala umculo ngothando nomzabalazo, mayelana nemvelo nomphefumulo womuntu, wayazi indlela yokudlulisa ngemisindo izwe lamaphupho, amaphupho, injabulo yokuphila nokubanda kokufa ...

Ngobuhlakani imithetho yokwakheka komculo, umculi wesitayela sangempela, uKaraev, kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, walwela ukuvuselela njalo ulimi kanye nesimo semisebenzi yakhe. "Ukulingana neminyaka" - lokho kwakuwumyalo oyinhloko wobuciko kaKaraev. Futhi njengoba nje eminyakeni yakhe encane wazinqoba ngokugibela okusheshayo ngesithuthuthu, ngakho wayehlale enqoba inertia yomcabango wokudala. “Ukuze angemi,” esho mayelana nosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, lapho udumo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwalunesikhathi eside lumlandela, “kwakudingekile ukuba “azishintshe”.

U-Karaev ungomunye wabameleli abaqhakazile besikole sika-D. Shostakovich. Wathola iziqu ngo-1946 eMoscow Conservatory ekilasini lokuqamba lalo mculi ohlakaniphile. Kodwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba umfundi, umculi osemusha waqonda ngokujulile ubuciko bomculo abantu Azerbaijani. Ezimfihlo zomlando wakhe wendabuko, ubuciko be-ashug ne-mugham, u-Garayev wethulwa e-Baku Conservatory ngumdali wayo nomqambi wokuqala wochwepheshe wase-Azerbaijan, u-U. Hajibeyov.

Karaev wabhala umculo izinhlobo ezahlukene. Izimpahla zakhe zokudala zihlanganisa izingoma zaseshashalazini zomculo, i-symphonic kanye nemisebenzi ye-chamber-instrumental, ezothando, ama-cantatas, imidlalo yezingane, umculo wemidlalo yedrama namafilimu. Wakhangwa yizindikimba namacebo avela empilweni yabantu abahluke kakhulu emhlabeni - wangena ngokujulile esakhiweni nomoya womculo wesintu wase-Albania, Vietnam, Turkey, Bulgaria, Spain, amazwe ase-Afrika kanye ne-Arab East ... izingoma zakhe zingachazwa njengengqophamlando hhayi nje ngobuciko bakhe, kodwa futhi umculo Soviet jikelele.

Inqwaba yemisebenzi emikhulu inikezelwe esihlokweni seMpi Yezwe Elikhulu futhi yadalwa ngaphansi kombono oqondile wezenzakalo ezingokoqobo. Injalo-ke i-First Symphony enezingxenye ezimbili - enye yemisebenzi yokuqala yalolu hlobo e-Azerbaijan (1943), ihlukaniswa ngokuhlukana okubukhali kwezithombe ezimangalisayo nezomculo. Ku-Second Symphony enezinyathelo ezinhlanu, ebhalwe mayelana nokunqoba i-fascism (1946), amasiko omculo wase-Azerbaijani ahlanganiswe nalawo e-classicism (i-passacaglia ecacile engu-4 isekelwe ezihlokweni zohlobo lwe-mugham). Ngo-1945, ngokubambisana no-D. Gadzhnev, i-opera Veten (Motherland, lib. I-Idayat-zade noM. Rahim) yasungulwa, lapho umqondo wobungane phakathi kwabantu baseSoviet emzabalazweni wenkululeko. kweMotherland kwagqanyiswa.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yokuqala yekamelo, umdwebo wepiyano "Isithombe Se-Tsarskoye Selo" (ngemuva kwe-A. Pushkin, 1937) uyagqama, ubuqiniso bezithombe obunqunywa ukuhlanganiswa kwephimbo lesizwe lesizwe ngombala ogqamile wokuthungwa. ; I-Sonatina ku-A minor yepiyano (1943), lapho izici zezwe ezivezwayo zithuthukiswa ngokuhambisana "ne-classicism" ka-Prokofiev; I-Second String Quartet (enikezelwe ku-D. Shostakovich, 1947), ephawuleka ngombala wayo wobusha obusha. Izothando zikaPushkin "Emagqumeni aseGeorgia" kanye "Ngikuthandile" (1947) ziyingxenye yemisebenzi engcono kakhulu yezingoma zomculo zikaKaraev.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yenkathi evuthiwe inkondlo ye-symphonic "Leyli noMajnun" (1947), eyaphawula ukuqala kwe-symphony yamaculo-amadrama e-Azerbaijan. Isiphetho esidabukisayo samaqhawe enkondlo kaNizami yegama elifanayo sasifakwe ekuthuthukisweni kwezithombe ezidabukisayo, ezithandekayo, eziphakeme zenkondlo. I-Motif yesakhiwo se-Nizami ethi "Five" ("Khamse") yakha isisekelo se-ballet "Seven Beauties" (1952, iskripthi sika-I. Idayat-zade, S. Rahman no-Y. Slonimsky), lapho isithombe sempilo kwabantu base-Azerbaijani esikhathini esidlule, umzabalazo wabo wamaqhawe ngokumelene nabacindezeli. Isithombe esimaphakathi se-ballet intombazane elula evela kubantu, uthando lwayo lokuzidela ngo-Shah Bahram olubuthakathaka luqukethe ukuziphatha okuphezulu okuhle. Emzabalazweni we-Bahram, u-Aisha uphikiswa yizithombe ze-Vizier ezikhohlisayo kanye nobuhle obuyengayo, abayisikhombisa abayisipoki. I-ballet ka-Karaev iyisibonelo esihle sokuhlanganisa izici zomdanso wesintu wase-Azerbaijani nezimiso ze-symphonic zama-ballet ka-Tchaikovsky. I-ballet ekhanyayo, enemibala eminingi, ecebile ngokomzwelo, I-Path of Thunder (esekelwe kunoveli ka-P. Abrahams, 1958), lapho i-pathos yobuqhawe ihlotshaniswa nomzabalazo wabantu base-Black Africa ukuze bazimele, iyathakazelisa ngobuciko. kuthuthukiswe ukungqubuzana komculo nokumangalisayo, i-symphony yezakhi zezinganekwane zamaNegro (i-ballet yayiwucezu lokuqala lomculo wamaSoviet ukuthuthukisa umculo wesintu wase-Afrika ngezinga elinjalo).

Eminyakeni yakhe evuthiwe, umsebenzi kaKaraev waqhubeka futhi wahlakulela ukuthambekela kokucebisa umculo wase-Azerbaijani ngezindlela zokukhuluma zakudala. Imisebenzi lapho lo mkhuba ugqame khona ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa imibhalo eqoshiwe ye-symphonic ethi Don Quixote (1960, ngemva kuka-M. Cervantes), egcwele iphimbo lesiSpanishi, umjikelezo wezingcezu eziyisishiyagalombili, ngokulandelana kwazo isithombe esihle ngokudabukisayo se-Knight of the Sad Image. iyavela; I-Sonata ye-violin nepiyano (1960), enikezelwe enkumbulweni yomeluleki wobuntwana, umculi omangalisayo u-V. Kozlov (isiphetho somsebenzi, i-passacaglia emangalisayo, yakhelwe ku-anagram yakhe yomsindo); 6 izingcezu zokugcina kusukela umjikelezo 24 "zandulela upiyano" (1951-63).

Isitayela sezwe lonke sahlanganiswa ngekhono elikhulu kusukela kusitayela sakudala ku-Third Symphony for Chamber Orchestra (1964), omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala emikhulu yomculo weSoviet owadalwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-serial technique.

Indikimba ye-symphony - ukucabanga komuntu "mayelana nesikhathi namayelana naye" - iphikisiwe ngokuningiliziwe emandleni esenzo sengxenye yokuqala, kumsindo ocwebile wezingoma ze-ashug yesibili, ekufanekisweni kwefilosofi ye-Andante, ekukhanyiselweni kwe-coda, eqeda indida engenamusa ye-fugue yokugcina.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamamodeli omculo ahlukahlukene (abolekwe kusukela ngekhulu le-1974 kanye nesimanjemanje ahlotshaniswa nesitayela “sokushaya okukhulu”) kunqume idramaturgy yomculo i-The Furious Gascon (1967, esekelwe ku-Cyrano de Bergerac ka-E. Rostand) mayelana nesiFulentshi esidumile. freethinker imbongi. Ukuphakama kokudala kukaKaraev kufaka phakathi i-Violin Concerto (12, enikezelwe ku-L. Kogan), egcwele ubuntu obuphezulu, kanye nomjikelezo othi "1982 Fugues for Piano" - umsebenzi wokugcina womqambi (XNUMX), isibonelo somcabango ojulile wefilosofi kanye ne-polyphonic ekhaliphile. ubuhlakani.

Umculo wenkosi yaseSoviet uzwakala emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Izimiso zobuciko nezobuhle zikaKaraev, umqambi nothisha (iminyaka eminingi enguprofesa e-Azerbaijan State Conservatory), wadlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwesikole sanamuhla sabaqambi base-Azerbaijani, esibala izizukulwane eziningana futhi sicebile ngobuntu bokudala. . Umsebenzi wakhe, owancibilikisa amasiko esiko lesizwe kanye nezimpumelelo zobuciko bomhlaba waba yikhwalithi entsha, yandisa imingcele ecacile yomculo wase-Azerbaijani.

A. Bretanitskaya