Giya Kancheli |

Giya Kancheli

Ithalente elihle lomculo, elinesikhundla sangempela emhlabeni jikelele. L. Nono

I-Ascetic ene-temperament ye-maximalist, ngokuzithiba kwe-Vesuvius efihliwe. R. Shchedrin

Inkosi ekwaziyo ukusho into entsha ngezindlela ezilula ezingenakudidaniswa nanoma yini, mhlawumbe eyingqayizivele. W. impisi

Imvelaphi yomculo ka-G. Kancheli, okunikezelwe kuye imigqa engenhla, ihlanganiswe nokuvuleleka okukhulu kwesitayela nokukhethwa kwayo okuqinile, inhlabathi yezwe enokubaluleka kwendawo yonke yemibono yobuciko, impilo enesiyaluyalu yemizwa enobukhulu be ukukhuluma kwabo, ubulula nokujula, kanye nokufinyeleleka ngezinto ezintsha ezithokozisayo. Inhlanganisela enjalo ibonakala ixaka kuphela ekulandiseni ngamazwi, kuyilapho wona kanye ukwakheka komculo kombhali waseGeorgia kuhlala kungokwemvelo, kuhlanganiswe ndawonye ngephimbo elimnandi, elifana nengoma ngokwemvelo yalo. Lokhu kuwumfanekiso ophelele wobuciko wezwe lanamuhla ekungavumelani kwalo okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Umlando womqambi awucebile kakhulu ezenzakalweni zangaphandle. Wakhulela eTbilisi, emndenini kadokotela. Lapha waphothula esikoleni somculo seminyaka eyisikhombisa, wabe esefunda i-geological faculty yeyunivesithi, futhi kuphela ngo-1963 - i-conservatory ekilasini lokuqamba le-I. Tuski. Kakade eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda, umculo kaKancheli wawuphakathi kwezingxoxo ezibucayi ezingazange zime kwaze kwaba yilapho umqambi enikezwa uMklomelo Wesifunda wase-USSR ngo-1976, wabe esevutha ngamandla avuselelwe. Yiqiniso, uma ekuqaleni uKancheli ehlanjalazwa ngenxa ye-eclecticism, ngenxa yokungacacile ngokwanele kobuntu bakhe nomoya wezwe, kamuva, lapho isitayela sombhali sakhiwe ngokugcwele, baqala ukukhuluma ngokuphindaphinda. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngisho nemisebenzi yokuqala yomqambi yembula “ukuqonda kwakhe isikhathi somculo nendawo yomculo” ( R. Shchedrin), futhi ngemva kwalokho walandela indlela ekhethiwe ngokuphikelela okunomona, engazivumeli ukuba ayeke noma aphumule kulokho ayekuzuzile. . Encwadini ngayinye elandelayo, uKancheli, ngokusho kokuvuma kwakhe, ufuna "ukuzitholela okungenani isinyathelo esisodwa esiholela phezulu, hhayi phansi." Kungakho esebenza kancane, echitha iminyaka eminingana eqeda umsebenzi owodwa, futhi ngokuvamile uyaqhubeka nokuhlela umbhalo wesandla ngisho nangemva kombukiso wokuqala, kuze kube yilapho ushicilelwa noma uqopha irekhodi.

Kodwa phakathi kwemisebenzi embalwa kaKancheli, umuntu akakwazi ukuthola ehlolwayo noma edlulayo, ingasaphathwa eyongaphumelelanga. Isazi somculo esidumile saseGeorgia uG. Ordzhonikidze safanisa umsebenzi waso “nokuqwala intaba eyodwa: ukusuka ekuphakameni ngakunye umkhathi uphonswa ngokuqhubekayo, uveze amabanga obungabonwa ngaphambili futhi kukuvumela ukuba ubheke ekujuleni kokuphila komuntu.” Umculi womculo wokuzalwa, u-Kancheli ukhuphukela ebhalansi yenhloso ye-epic eya enhlekeleleni, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqotho nokushesha kwephimbo lamagama. Ama-symphonies akhe ayisikhombisa, njengokungathi, izimpilo eziyisikhombisa eziphinde zaphila, izahluko eziyisikhombisa ze-epic mayelana nomzabalazo waphakade phakathi kokuhle nokubi, mayelana nesiphetho esinzima sobuhle. I-symphony ngayinye iyinhlangano ephelele yobuciko. Izithombe ezihlukene, izixazululo ezimangalisayo, nokho wonke ama-symphonies enza uhlobo lwe-macrocycle ene-prologue edabukisayo (Okokuqala - 1967) kanye ne-"Epilogue" (yesikhombisa - 1986), okuyinto, ngokusho komlobi, ihlanganisa isigaba esikhulu sokudala. Kule macrocycle, i-Fourth Symphony (1975), eyaklonyeliswa ngoMklomelo Wombuso, iwumvuthwandaba wokuqala kanye nebika loshintsho. Abanduleli bakhe ababili bagqugquzelwa izinkondlo zezinganekwane zaseGeorgia, ikakhulukazi izingoma zesonto nezamasiko, ezitholwe kabusha ngeminyaka yawo-60s. I-symphony yesibili, enesihloko esithi “Chants” (1970), iyona egqama kakhulu emisebenzini kaKancheli, eqinisekisa ukuvumelana komuntu nemvelo nomlando, ukungaphulwa kwemithetho engokomoya yabantu. Eyesithathu (1973) ifana nethempeli elincanyana ukuze kudunyiswe izihlakaniphi ezingaziwa, abadali be-polyphony yaseGeorgia yomculo wamakwaya. I-symphony yesine, enikezelwe enkumbulweni kaMichelangelo, ngenkathi igcina isimo sengqondo esibucayi ngokuhlupheka, imenza idrama ngokucabangela isiphetho somculi. U-Titan, owagqabula amaketango esikhathi nendawo emsebenzini wakhe, kodwa wabonakala engenamandla ngokomuntu lapho ebhekene nesimo esidabukisayo. I-Fifth Symphony (1978) inikezelwe enkumbulweni yabazali bomqambi. Lapha, mhlawumbe ngokokuqala ngqá e-Kancheli, indikimba yesikhathi, engenakugwenywa futhi enesihe, ebeka imingcele ezifisweni nasemathembeni abantu, inemibala yobuhlungu bomuntu siqu obujulile. Futhi nakuba zonke izithombe ze-symphony - kokubili okulila nokuphikisana ngokujulile - zizocwila noma zihlakazeke ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwamandla abulalayo angaziwa, yonke ithwala umuzwa we-catharsis. Kulusizi ukukhala nokunqotshwa. Ngemva kokudlalwa kwe-symphony emkhosini womculo wamaSoviet edolobheni laseFrance iTours (July 1987), abezindaba bawubiza ngokuthi “mhlawumbe umsebenzi wesimanje othakazelisa kakhulu kuze kube manje.” Ku-Sixth Symphony (1979-81), isithombe esiyingqopha-mlando sengunaphakade siyavela, umoya womculo uba banzi, umehluko ukhula ube mkhulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusheleli, kodwa kuyacija futhi kwenze udweshu oludabukisayo lube jikelele. Impumelelo yokunqoba ye-symphony emikhosini eminingi yomculo yamazwe ngamazwe enedumela elihle yaqhutshwa “ububanzi bomqondo obuqine kakhulu kanye nomuzwa othinta inhliziyo.”

Ukufika komculi we-symphonist odumile e-Tbilisi Opera House kanye nokudlalwa kwe-“Music for the Living” lapha ngo-1984 kwamangaza abaningi. Nokho, kumqambi ngokwakhe, lokhu kwakuwukuqhubeka okungokwemvelo kokubambisana okuhlala isikhathi eside nokunezithelo nomqhubi uJ. Kakhidze, umculi wokuqala wemisebenzi yakhe yonke, kanye nomqondisi we-Georgian Academic Drama Theatre okuthiwa. Sh. Rustaveli R. Sturua. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa imizamo yabo esiteji se-opera, laba ongcweti baphinde baphendukela esihlokweni esibalulekile, esiphuthumayo lapha - itimu yokulondoloza impilo emhlabeni, amagugu empucuko yomhlaba - futhi bayifaka ngendlela entsha, enkulu, ethokozisayo ngokomzwelo. "Umculo Wabaphilayo" uqashelwa ngokufanelekile njengomcimbi enkundleni yemidlalo yaseSoviet.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwe-opera, kwavela umsebenzi wesibili ka-Kancheli wokulwa nempi - "Usizi Olukhanyayo" (1985) lwabacula yedwa, ikhwaya yezingane kanye ne-orchestra enkulu ye-symphony emibhalweni kaG. Tabidze, IV Goethe, V. Shakespeare kanye no-A. Pushkin. Njengokuthi "Umculo Wabaphilayo", lo msebenzi unikezelwe ezinganeni - kodwa hhayi kulabo abayophila ngemva kwethu, kodwa kuzisulu ezingenacala zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Yamukelwe ngesasasa kumbukiso wokuqala eLeipzig (njengeSixth Symphony, yabhalwa ngomyalo we-orchestra ye-Gewandhaus kanye nendlu yokushicilela ye-Peters), Usizi oluBright lwaba ngelinye lamakhasi angena kakhulu nasezingeni eliphezulu omculo weSoviet wama-80s.

Amaphuzu okugcina aqediwe omqambi - "Ukuliliswa Umoya" we-viola eyedwa kanye ne-orchestra enkulu ye-symphony (1988) - inikezelwe kunkumbulo ka-Givi Ordzhonikidze. Lo msebenzi waqala ukukhonjiswa eWest Berlin Festival ngo-1989.

Maphakathi nawo-60s. U-Kancheli uqala ukubambisana nabaqondisi abakhulu bemidlalo yeshashalazi ne-cinema. Kuze kube manje, ubhale umculo wamafilimu angaphezu kuka-40 (ikakhulukazi aqondiswe ngu-E. Shengelaya, G. Danelia, L. Gogoberidze, R. Chkheidze) kanye nama-performances acishe abe ngu-30, iningi lawo elidlalwa ngu-R. Sturua. Kodwa-ke, umqambi ngokwakhe ubheka umsebenzi wakhe waseshashalazini kanye ne-cinema njengengxenye yobuciko obuhlangene, obungenakho ukubaluleka okuzimele. Ngakho-ke, azikho izingoma zakhe, imidlalo yaseshashalazini noma yefilimu, eshicilelwe noma eqoshwe kwirekhodi.

N. Zeifas