Angelica Catalani (Angelica Catalani) |

Angelica Catalan

I-Catalani iyisenzakalo esiphawulekayo ngempela emhlabeni wobuciko bezwi. U-Paolo Scudo wabiza umculi we-coloratura ngokuthi "isimangaliso semvelo" ngekhono lakhe lobuchwepheshe eliyingqayizivele. U-Angelica Catalani wazalwa ngoMeyi 10, 1780 edolobheni lase-Italy iGubbio, esifundeni sase-Umbria. Ubaba wakhe u-Antonio Catalani, indoda ematasa, wayaziwa njengejaji lesifunda nanjengesisekelo sokuqala sesonto laseSenigallo Cathedral.

Kakade ebuntwaneni, u-Angelica wayenezwi elihle. Ubaba wakhe waphathisa umqhubi uPietro Morandi imfundo yakhe. Khona-ke, ezama ukudambisa usizi lomkhaya, wabela intombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nambili esigodlweni sezindela saseSanta Lucia. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili amakholwa amaningi efika lapha ezomuzwa ecula.

Ngemva nje kokubuyela ekhaya, le ntombazane yaya eFlorence ukuyofunda nomculi we-sopranist odumile uLuigi Marchesi. U-Marchesi, umlandeli wesitayela sephimbo esimangalisayo, wakuthola kudingekile ukwabelana nomfundi wakhe ikakhulukazi ubuciko bakhe obumangalisayo ekuculeni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhloba ngamazwi, ubuciko bobuchwepheshe. U-Angelica waba umfundi onekhono, futhi ngokushesha kwazalwa umculi onesiphiwo nonekhono.

Ngo-1797, uCatalani waqala ukudlala e-Venetian Theatre "La Fenice" ku-opera ka-S. Mayr ethi "Lodoiska". Izivakashi zetiyetha ngokushesha zaqaphela izwi eliphezulu, elinomsindo lomculi omusha. Futhi ngenxa yobuhle obungavamile kanye nokukhanga kuka-Angelica, impumelelo yakhe iyaqondakala. Ngonyaka olandelayo unandisa eLivorno, ngemva konyaka acula ePergola Theatre eFlorence, futhi uchitha unyaka wokugcina wekhulu leminyaka eTrieste.

Ikhulu leminyaka elisha liqala ngempumelelo kakhulu - ngoJanuwari 21, 1801, uCatalani ucula okokuqala esiteji seLa Scala edumile. "Nomaphi lapho umculi osemusha ebonakala khona, yonke indawo izethameli zazihlonipha ubuciko bakhe," kubhala u-VV Timokhin. – Yiqiniso, ukucula komculi bekungaphawulwanga ngomuzwa ojulile, akazange agqame ngokushesha kokuziphatha kwakhe esiteji, kodwa emculweni ojabulisayo, ojabulisayo, we-bravura wayengazi lutho olulinganayo. Ubuhle obungavamile bezwi lesiCatalani, obake bathinta izinhliziyo zamakholwa avamile, manje, buhlanganiswe nekhono elimangalisayo, bajabulisa abathandi bokucula i-opera.

Ngo-1804, umculi uya eLisbon. Enhloko-dolobha yasePortugal, uba soloist wendawo opera Italian. IsiCatalani sesiyintandokazi ngokushesha kubalaleli bendawo.

Ngo-1806, u-Angelica wenza inkontileka enenzuzo neLondon Opera. Endleleni eya "i-Albion enenkungu" unikeza amakhonsathi amaningana eMadrid, bese ecula eParis izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ehholo le-"National Academy of Music" kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSeptemba, uCatalani wabonisa ubuciko bakhe ezinhlelweni ezintathu zekhonsathi, futhi isikhathi ngasinye kwakukhona indlu egcwele. Kwakuthiwa ukubonakala kwePaganini elikhulu kuphela okungaveza umphumela ofanayo. Abagxeki bahlatshwa uhla olubanzi, ukukhanya okumangalisayo kwezwi lomculi.

Ubuciko baseCatalani nabo banqoba uNapoleon. Umlingisikazi wase-Italy wabizelwa eTuileries, lapho axoxa khona nombusi. "Uyaphi?" Kubuza ukhumanda lowo owayekhuluma naye. “Ngiye eLondon, nkosi yami,” kusho uCatalani. “Kungcono ukuhlala eParis, lapha uzokhokhelwa kahle futhi ithalente lakho lizothokozelwa ngempela. Uzothola ama-franc ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngonyaka nekhefu lezinyanga ezimbili. Kunqunyiwe; usale kahle nkosikazi.”

Nokho, uCatalani wahlala ethembekile esivumelwaneni neLondon yaseshashalazini. Wabaleka eFrance ngomkhumbi owawuklanyelwe ukuthutha iziboshwa. NgoDisemba 1806, uCatalani waculela abantu baseLondon okokuqala ngqa ku-opera yesiPutukezi iSemiramide.

Ngemva kokuvalwa kwesizini yaseshashalazini enhloko-dolobha yaseNgilandi, umculi, njengomthetho, wathatha izinkambo zekhonsathi ezifundazweni zaseNgilandi. “Igama lakhe, elamenyezelwa ezingqwembeni, lakhanga izixuku zabantu emadolobheni amancane kakhulu ezweni,” kusho ofakazi bokuzibonela.

Ngemva kokuwa kweNapoleon ngo-1814, uCatalani wabuyela eFrance, wabe esehamba uhambo olukhulu noluyimpumelelo lwaseJalimane, eDenmark, eSweden, eBelgium naseHolland.

Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabalaleli kwakuyimisebenzi efana nethi “Semiramide” yasePortugal, ukuhluka kweRode, i-arias evela kuma-operas “Owesifazane Omuhle KaMiller” kaGiovanni Paisiello, “AmaSultan Amathathu” kaVincenzo Puccita (ohambisana noCatalani). Izilaleli zaseYurophu zamukele kahle ukusebenza kwakhe emisebenzini kaCimarosa, uNicolini, uPicchini noRossini.

Ngemva kokubuyela eParis, uCatalani uba umqondisi we-Italian Opera. Nokho, umyeni wakhe, uPaul Valabregue, empeleni waphatha yaseshashalazini. Wazama kwasekuqaleni ukuqinisekisa inzuzo yebhizinisi. Ngakho-ke ukwehla kwezindleko zokudlalwa kwesiteji, kanye nokwehliswa okuphezulu kwezindleko zalezo zici “ezincane” zokudlalwa kwe-opera, njengekhwaya ne-orchestra.

Ngo-May 1816, uCatalani ubuyela esiteji. Imidlalo yakhe eMunich, Venice naseNaples iyalandela. Kuphela ngo-August 1817, ngemva kokubuyela eParis, waphinda waba inhloko ye-Italian Opera. Kodwa kungakapheli unyaka, ngo-April 1818, uCatalani ekugcineni wasishiya isikhundla sakhe. Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, wayelokhu evakashela iYurophu. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Catalani wayengavamile ukuthatha amanothi aphezulu, kodwa ukuguquguquka kwangaphambili namandla ezwi lakhe kwakusaheha izethameli.

Ngo-1823 uCatalani wavakashela inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia okokuqala ngqa. Petersburg, wamukelwa ngemfudumalo. NgoJanuwari 6, 1825, uCatalani wabamba iqhaza ekuvulweni kwesakhiwo sesimanje seBolshoi Theatre eMoscow. Wenza ingxenye ka-Erato esethulweni se-"Celebration of the Muses", umculo wawo owabhalwa abaqambi baseRussia u-AN Verstovsky no-AA Alyabiev.

Ngo-1826, uCatalani wavakashela e-Italy, edlala eGenoa, Naples naseRome. Ngo-1827 wavakashela eJalimane. Futhi ngenkathi elandelayo, ngonyaka weminyaka engamashumi amathathu yomsebenzi wobuciko, uCatalani wanquma ukushiya isiteji. Ukusebenza kokugcina komculi kwenzeka ngo-1828 eDublin.

Kamuva, emzini wakhe eFlorence, lo mculi wafundisa amantombazane amancane ukucula ayelungiselela umsebenzi waseshashalazini. Manje wayeseculela abantu abajwayele nabangane bakhe kuphela. Abakwazanga ukuzibamba ngaphandle kokudumisa, futhi ngisho nasebudaleni obuhloniphekile, umculi akazange alahlekelwe izici eziningi eziyigugu zezwi lakhe. Ebalekela umqedazwe wekholera owaqubuka e-Italy, uCatalani waphuthuma ezinganeni eParis. Nokho, okuxakayo ukuthi wabulawa lesi sifo ngoJuni 12, 1849.

U-VV Timokhin uyabhala:

“U-Angelica Catalani ungowalabo baculi abakhulu abebeziqhenya ngesikole samagama sase-Italy eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule. Ithalente eliyivelakancane, inkumbulo enhle kakhulu, ikhono lokwazi ngokushesha ngokumangalisayo imithetho yobuciko bokucula kunqume impumelelo enkulu yomculi ezigabeni ze-opera nasemahholo ekhonsathi emazweni amaningi aseYurophu.

Ubuhle bemvelo, amandla, ukukhanya, ukuhamba okungavamile kwezwi, ububanzi bawo obufinyelela "kusawoti" we-octave yesithathu, kwanikeza izizathu zokukhuluma ngomculi njengomnikazi wesinye sezinto eziphelele kakhulu zezwi. UCatalani wayeyi-virtuoso engenakuqhathaniswa futhi kwakuyilolu hlangothi lobuciko bakhe olwazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke. Wahlobisa zonke izinhlobo zezwi ngokuphana okungajwayelekile. Wakwazi kahle, njengomfana wakhe omncane, u-tenor odumile u-Rubini nabanye abaculi base-Italy abavelele bangaleso sikhathi, umehluko phakathi kwe-forte enomdlandla kanye nezwi elithakazelisayo, elithambile le-mezza. Abalaleli bahlatshwe umxhwele ngokukhethekile inkululeko emangalisayo, ukuhlanzeka kanye nesivinini umculi acula ngaso isikali se-chromatic, phezulu naphansi, enza i-trill kuwo wonke ama-semitone.