Portamento, glissando, slide

Indlela yokudlala, ehlanganisa ukuslayida esikalini se-diatonic (yepiyano) noma esikalini se-chromatic (yezinsimbi ezinezintambo) ibizwa ngokuthi i-portamento, i-glissando noma isilayidi. Le nqubo igcwalisa igebe phakathi kwamanothi amabili ezindawo ezahlukene. Ukuslayida kungaba phezulu noma phansi.

Igama elithi “glissando” lisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi abadlali bezinsimbi. Igama elithi "portamento" lisetshenziswa ngabahlabeleli.

Kuboniswa yi-portamento ne-glissando ngomugqa we-wavy oxhuma amanothi amabili:

Portamento, glissando

Umfanekiso 1. Portamento, glissando

Slide

Leli gama livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ku-glissando edlalwa isiginci. Kuboniswa ngomugqa oqondile ohlanganisa amanothi. Kulokhu, ukushelela kungenzeka ezintanjeni eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa:

Slide

Umfanekiso 2. Umbhalo wesilayidi

Ngaphezu kwamanothi athile ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwe-slide, kuyenzeka ukhiphe amanothi okuqala noma awokugcina. Kulokhu, umugqa oqondile uhlala, futhi inothi eyedlulele (noma i-chord) ayibonisiwe.

I-Portamento

Ngokungeziwe endleleni echazwe ngenhla, igama elithi “portamento” libhekisela ekujuleni okungeyona legato. Ukusebenza okucishe kuhambisane kwemisindo noma izingoma (isiphambano phakathi kwe-legato ne-staccato ). Ukuqokwa kwale ndlela kuhlanganisa ukuqokwa kwakho kokubili i-legato ne-staccato:

I-Portamento

Umfanekiso 3. I-Portamento notation

I-Glissando (i-Italian glissando, kusukela ku-French glisser - kuya ku-slide) iyindlela ekhethekile yokudlala, ehlanganisa ukushelela umunwe eduze kwezintambo noma okhiye bomculo. ithuluzi. Ngokungafani ne-portamento, okuyindlela yokuveza. ukusebenza, okungalungiswanga umqambi kumbhalo womculo futhi okuvame ukubizwa ngephutha ngokuthi G., empeleni u-G. ugxiliswe ekubhaleni okujulukile, okumelela ingxenye ebalulekile yombhalo womculo. Ku-fp. Igeyimu ka-G. ifinyelelwa ngokuslayida uhlangothi olungaphandle lwe-nail phalanx yesithupha noma umunwe wesithathu (imvamisa esesandleni sokudla) ngokhiye abamhlophe noma abamnyama. Ekukhiqizeni izinsimbi zekhibhodi i-G. iqala ukutholakala ngesi-French. umqambi u-JB Moreau eqoqweni lakhe. "Incwadi yokuqala yezingcezu ze-harpsichord" ("Premier livre pièces de clavecin", 1722). Ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile. ubunzima buvezwa ukubulawa ku-fp. G. ukulandelana kwesikali samanothi aphindwe kabili (okuthathu,

G. yenziwa kalula kupiyano. amadizayini amadala anokuphenduleka kakhudlwana, okubizwa kanjalo. Imishini yaseVienna. Mhlawumbe yingakho u-G. ku-parallel sixths wayesevele esetshenziswa ngu-WA ​​Mozart (izinguquko ze-"Lison dormant"). Izikali ze-Octave zitholakala ku-L. Beethoven (ikhonsathi ku-C enkulu, i-sonata op. 53), i-KM Weber (“ucezu lwekhonsathi”, op. 79), G. kwezintathu namaquarts – ku-M. Ravel (“Mirrors”) kanye abanye

Uma kumathuluzi ekhibhodi anesistimu yawo epholile, ngosizo lwe-G., isikali esine-pitch ethile sikhishwa, khona-ke kumathuluzi aqoshiwe, lapho uhlelo lwamahhala luyisici, ngokusebenzisa i-G., i-chromatic ikhishwa. ukulandelana kwemisindo, nge-swarm, ukusebenza okuqondile kwama-semitones akudingekile (isu lokuthola akufanele lihlanganiswe no-G. ezinsimbini eziboshiwe - ukusebenza kwesikali se-chromatic ngokuslayida umunwe). Ngakho-ke, inani le-g. lapho udlala izinsimbi ezikhotheme Ch. ar. kumphumela wemibala. Ukusebenza kuka-G. kwezindima ezithile kumathuluzi akhothame, ngaphandle kwechromatic. isikali, singenzeka kuphela uma udlala ngama-harmonics. Esinye sezibonelo zakuqala zika-G. ezinsimbini ezikhotheme singesi-Italian. umqambi u-K. Farina (ku-"An Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, ye-skr. solo), esebenzisa u-G. njengemvelo. ethola umsindo. Ku-G. yakudala cishe ayitholakali emculweni wezinsimbi ezikhotheme (isimo esingajwayelekile sika-G. ekhuphuka ngokulandelana kwechromatic ngama-octave kukhodi yengxenye yokuqala yekhonsathi ka-A. Dvorak). Njengendlela yokudlala i-virtuoso ekhaliphile, i-guerilla yayisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini ebhalwe abaviyolin be-Romantic nama-cellists. izikhombisi-ndlela (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, nabanye). I-G. isetshenziswa ngokuhlukile ikakhulukazi njengombala we-timbre emculweni. izincwadi zekhulu lama-1 zezinsimbi ezikhotheme futhi njengomdwebi wombala. ukwamukela ku-orchestration (SS Prokofiev - Scherzo kusukela ekhonsathini yokuqala ye-violin; K. Shimanovsky - amakhonsathi nezingcezu ze-violin; M. Ravel - Rhapsody "Gypsy" ye-violin; Z. Kodai - G. izingoma ze-sonata ze-solo, u-G. amaviyolini namabhesi aphindwe kabili ku-“Spanish Rhapsody” ka-Ravel). Esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-G. vlch. iqukethwe engxenyeni yesi-20 ye-sonata ye-VC. kanye fp. DD Shostakovich. Indlela ekhethekile yi-G. flageolets, isibonelo. cellos nguNA Rimsky-Korsakov (“Ubusuku Bangaphambi kukaKhisimusi”), u-VV Shcherbachev (i-symphony yesibili), u-Ravel (“uDaphnis no-Chloe”), i-violas ne-volch. MO Steinberg (“Metamorphoses”) nabanye.

I-G. iyindlela esabalele ekudlaleni ihabhu le-pedal, lapho yathola khona ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kakhulu (emisebenzini yabaqambi bengxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-19, igama lesiNtaliyane elithi sdrucciolando lalivame ukusetshenziswa). I-Apfic G. ivamise ukwakhiwa emisindweni yamachords esikhombisa (okuhlanganisa nawo anciphile; kancane kancane emisindweni engezona izingoma). Uma udlala i-G., zonke izintambo zehabhu, ngosizo lokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-otd. imisindo, nikeza umsindo walawo manothi kuphela afakwe ku-chord enikeziwe. Ngokunyakaza okuya phansi, i-G. ehabhuni yenziwa ngomunwe wokuqala ogobile kancane, ngomnyakazo obheke phezulu - ngesibili (isandla esisodwa noma ezimbili ekuguquleni, ukuphambuka nokuwela ukunyakaza kwezandla). I-G. ngezikhathi ezithile isetshenziswa ekulandeleni okufana ne-gamma.

G. isetshenziswa uma kudlalwa imimoya yethusi. izinsimbi – ku-trombone ngosizo lokunyakaza kwe-backstage (isibonelo, i-trombone solo ku-“Pulcinella” ka-IF Stravinsky), icilongo, ezinsimbini ezishaywayo (ngokwesibonelo, G. pedal timpani kokuthi “Umculo wezinsimbi ezikhotheme, ukushaywa kanye ne-celesta” B . Bartok).

G. isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-folk instr. lengiswa. (Isitayela se-Verbunkosh), i-rum. kanye nesikhunta. umculo, kanye ne-jazz. Embhalweni ka-G. womculo, imisindo yokuqala neyokugcina kuphela yendima evame ukucashunwa, imisindo ephakathi nendawo ithathelwa indawo udwi noma umugqa we-wavy.