Ikhalenda lomculo - Okthoba

Ngo-Okthoba, umphakathi womculo womhlaba ugubha izinsuku zokuzalwa zabaqambi nabaculi abambalwa abavelele. Hhayi ngaphandle kwemidlalo yokuqala enomsindo eyenza abantu bakhulume ngabo iminyaka eminingi.

Ubuhlakani babo busaqhubeka nanamuhla

Ngo-Okthoba 8, 1551 eRoma kwazalwa uGiulio Caccini, umqambi nomculi, owabhala i-"Ave Maria" edumile, umsebenzi ophula amarekhodi ngenani lokuhumusha hhayi kuphela ekusebenzeni kwezwi, kodwa futhi ekuhleleni izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene.

Ngo-1835, ngo-Okthoba 9, eParis kwazalwa umqambi ogama lakhe labangela impikiswano eshubile. Igama lakhe nguCamille Saint-Saens. Abanye babekholelwa ukuthi wayemane eshaya isigubhu ngopiyano, ezama ukukhipha imisindo enomsindo kulo ngangokunokwenzeka. Abanye, kuhlanganise no-R. Wagner, baqaphela kuye ikhono elingavamile lengcweti yokucula. Kanti abanye bazwakalise umbono wokuthi iSaint-Saens yayinengqondo kakhulu ngakho-ke yakha imisebenzi embalwa emangazayo.

Ngo-Okthoba 10, 1813, emhlabeni wonke umculi omkhulu we-opera wabonakala emhlabeni, indoda egama layo lihlotshaniswa nenani elikhulu lezinganekwane, izinganekwane ezihlangene nezenzakalo zangempela, uGiuseppe Verdi. Ngokumangalisayo, le nsizwa enekhono ayikwazanga ukungena eMilan Conservatory ngenxa yokudlala kwayo upiyano ompofu. Lesi sigameko asizange sivimbele umqambi ukuthi aqhubeke nemfundo yakhe wagcina eseyilokhu ayikho emlandweni womculo.

Ngo-Okthoba 22, 1911, uFranz Liszt wazalwa - umshayi wopiyano we-virtuoso, indoda impilo yayo yachithwa emsebenzini oqhubekayo: ukuqamba, ukufundisa, ukuqhuba. Ukuzalwa kwakhe kwaphawulwa ukubonakala kwenkanyezi enomsila phezu kwesibhakabhaka saseHungary. Wabamba iqhaza ekuvulweni kwama-conservatories, wanikela ngamandla amaningi emfundweni yomculo, kanye nezinguquko ezishisekayo. Ukuthatha izifundo zepiyano ku-Liszt, abadlali bopiyano abavela emazweni ahlukene aseYurophu beza kuye. UFranz Liszt wethula umbono wokuhlanganisa ubuciko emsebenzini wakhe. Ukuqamba okusha komqambi kuthole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi futhi kusasebenza nanamuhla.

Ngo-Okthoba 24, 1882 usuku lokuzalwa lwenkosi yobuciko bekwaya baseRussia, umqambi nombhidisi uPavel Chesnokov. Wehla emlandweni njengommeleli wesikole esisha somculo wesonto saseMoscow. Wazakhela eyakhe isistimu ye-folk-modal ekhethekile esekelwe ekuveleni okuyingqayizivele kwamazwi aculayo e-cappella. Umculo we-Chesnokov uhlukile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ufinyeleleka futhi uyabonakala.

Ngo-Okthoba 25, 1825, "inkosi ye-waltz", uJohann Strauss-son, yazalwa eVienna. Ubaba womfana, umqambi odumile, wayemelene nomsebenzi womculo wendodana yakhe futhi wamthumela esikoleni sezohwebo, efuna ukuthi indodana yakhe ibe yibhange. Nokho, u-Strauss-son wangena esivumelwaneni nonina futhi waqala ukuthatha izifundo zepiyano ne-violin ngasese. Ngemva kokufunda konke, ubaba ngokuthukuthela wathatha i-violin kumculi osemusha. Kodwa uthando lomculo lwaqina, futhi sinethuba lokujabulela ama-waltzes adumile womqambi, adume kakhulu kuwo athi "On the Beautiful Blue Danube", "Tales of the Vienna Woods", njll.

P. Chesnokov - Kwangathi umthandazo wami ungalungiswa ...

Abaculi abanqobe umhlaba

Ngosuku lokuqala luka-Okthoba 1, umfana wazalelwa e-Kyiv, kamuva owaba ngumdlali wepiyano odumile waseMelika - uVladimir Horowitz. Ukwakheka kwakhe njengomculi kwenzeka ngokunembile ezweni lakubo, naphezu kwezikhathi ezinzima emndenini: ukulahlekelwa impahla, ukuntuleka kwemali. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umsebenzi wokudlala womdlali wopiyano eYurophu waqala ngelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. EJalimane, lapho ikhonsathi yepiyano engu-1903 ka-PI Tchaikovsky, owayecula yedwa wagula. U-Horowitz, ongaziwa kuze kube manje, wanikezwa esikhundleni sakhe. Bekusele amahora angu-1 ngaphambi kwekhonsathi. Ngemva kokukhala kwezingoma zokugcina, ihholo laqhuma ihlombe kwahlokoma ihlombe.

Ngo-October 12, 1935, umculi ohlakaniphile wesikhathi sethu, uLuciano Pavarotti, weza emhlabeni. Impumelelo yakhe ayidlulwa ngomunye umculi. Washintsha i-opera arias yaba ubuciko bobuciko. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uPavarotti cishe wayekholelwa ezeni. Kunendaba eyaziwayo eneduku lo mculi abe nayo ecula okokuqala emlethele impumelelo. Kusukela ngalolo suku, lo mculi akakaze agibele esiteji ngaphandle kwale mfanelo yenhlanhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi akakaze adlule ngaphansi kwezitebhisi, wayesaba kakhulu usawoti ochithekile futhi wayengakwazi ukumelana nombala onsomi.

Ngo-October 13, 1833, eSt. Ngemva kokufunda eJalimane, wanikeza amakhonsathi amaningi, ngenkuthalo wethula umphakathi Western art Russian. Ngemva kokubuyela eSt. Petersburg, wayevame ukuba nengxenye emakhonsathini e-RMS, enza kahle kakhulu emidlalweni ye-opera, enza izingxenye ezidume kakhulu: u-Antonida e-Ivan Susanin, uMargarita eFaust, eNorma.

Ngo-Okthoba 17, 1916, eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule, umshayi wopiyano ovelele u-Emil Gilels wazalelwa e-Odessa. Ngokusho kwabantu besikhathi, ithalenta lakhe livumela uGilles ukuba abekwe phakathi komthala wabadlali abahlakaniphile, okusebenza kwabo kubangela ukukhala okukhulu komphakathi. Udumo kumdlali wopiyano lweza ngokungalindelekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Emqhudelwaneni Wokuqala Wenyunyana Yabadlali, akekho owanaka le nsizwa edangele eyafika epiyanoni. Ekuhlabeleleni kokuqala, ihholo labanda. Ngemuva kwemisindo yokugcina, umthetho olandelwayo wokuncintisana wephulwa - wonke umuntu washaya ihlombe: izethameli, amajaji, nezimbangi.

Umhla zingama-25 kuMfumfu uphawula iminyaka engu-90 yokuzalwa komculi odumile waseRussia waseSoviet uGalina Vishnevskaya. Ukuba unkosikazi odumile cellist Mstislav Rostropovich, lo mculi akazange ashiye umsebenzi wakhe futhi kukhanye ezitebhisini ehamba phambili opera izindlu emhlabeni iminyaka eminingi. Ngemva kokuphela komsebenzi wakhe wokucula, u-Vishnevskaya akazange angene emthunzini. Waqala ukwenza njengomqondisi wemidlalo, wenza amafilimu, wafundisa okuningi. Incwadi yezinkumbulo zakhe ebizwa ngokuthi "Galina" yanyatheliswa eWashington.

Ngo-Okthoba 27, 1782, uNiccolò Paganini wazalelwa eGenoa. Intandokazi yabesifazane, i-virtuoso engapheli, wayehlala ejabulela ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Ukudlala kwakhe kwaheha izethameli, abaningi bakhala ngesikhathi bezwa ukucula kwensimbi yakhe. U-Paganini ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi i-violin yayiphethe ngokuphelele, akazange alale ngaphandle kokuthinta intandokazi yakhe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, uPaganini cishe akazange ashicilele imisebenzi yakhe, esaba ukuthi imfihlo yokudlala kwakhe i-virtuoso izodalulwa.

Imidlalo yokuqala engasoze yalibaleka

Ngo-Okthoba 6, 1600, kwenzeka umcimbi eFlorence owafaka umfutho ekuthuthukisweni kohlobo lwe-opera. Ngalolu suku, i-premiere ye-opera yokuqala esaphila, i-Orpheus, eyakhiwe yi-Italian Jacopo Peri, yenzeke. Futhi ngo-Okthoba 5, 1762, i-opera ethi "Orpheus and Eurydice" ka-K. Gluck yenziwa okokuqala eVienna. Lokhu kukhiqizwa kwaphawula ukuqala kwenguquko ye-opera. Indida iwukuthi isakhiwo esifanayo sabekwa esisekelweni semisebenzi emibili eyinhlekelele yalolo hlobo.

Ngo-Okthoba 17, 1988, iLondon Musical Society yabona umcimbi oyingqayizivele: ukusebenza kwe-symphony ye-10, eyayingaziwa ngaphambili, ka-L. Beethoven. Yabuyiselwa u-Barry Cooper, umhloli wamazwe oyiNgisi, owahlanganisa yonke imidwebo yomqambi nezingcezu zesikolo. Abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi i-symphony eyenziwe kabusha ngale ndlela cishe ayinakuhambisana nenhloso yeqiniso yombhali omkhulu. Yonke imithombo esemthethweni ibonisa ukuthi umqambi unama-symphonies angu-9 ncamashi.

Ngo-Okthoba 20, 1887, i-premiere ye-opera ethi The Enchantress ka-PI Tchaikovsky. Umbhali uqondise ukubulawa. Umqambi ngokwakhe wavuma kubangane bakhe ukuthi, naphezu kwehlombe elinamandla, wakuzwa ngokujulile ukuhlukaniswa nokubanda komphakathi. I-Enchantress ihlukile kwamanye ama-opera omqambi futhi ayikaze ikuthole ukuqashelwa njengamanye ama-opera.

Ngo-Okthoba 29, 1787, i-opera ethi Don Giovanni kaWolfgang Amadeus Mozart yadlalwa okokuqala ePrague National Theatre. Umqambi ngokwakhe uchaze uhlobo lwayo njengedrama ejabulisayo. Abantu besikhathi somqambi bathi umsebenzi wokuqopha i-opera wenziwe endaweni ekhululekile, ejabule, ehambisana nama-prank angenacala (futhi akunjalo) womqambi, okusiza ukudambisa isimo noma ukudala isimo esifanele esiteji.

G. Caccini – Ave Maria

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova