Izinkathazo ze-Medieval

Umlando omncane.

Umculo, njenganoma iyiphi enye isayensi, awumi, uyathuthuka. Umculo wesikhathi sethu uhluke kakhulu kumculo wesikhathi esidlule, hhayi kuphela "ngendlebe", kodwa futhi nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo. Yini esinayo njengamanje? Isilinganiso esikhulu, esincane… ingabe kukhona okunye okusabalele ngokulinganayo? Hhayi? Ukuchichima komculo wezohwebo, okulula ukuwuzwa, kuletha isikali esincane phambili. Kungani? Le modi idabuka endlebeni yaseRussia, futhi bayayisebenzisa. Kuthiwani ngomculo waseNtshonalanga? Imodi enkulu ibusa lapho - iseduze nabo. Kulungile, makube njalo. Kuthiwani ngemiculo yasempumalanga? Sathatha encane, "sanikeza" enkulu kubantu baseNtshonalanga, kodwa yini esetshenziswa empumalanga? Zinemiculo enemibala egqamile, akufanele zididaniswe nanoma yini. Ake sizame iresiphi elandelayo: thatha isikali esikhulu bese wehlisa isinyathelo sesibili ngesigamu sesinyathelo. Labo. phakathi kwezinyathelo ze-I kanye ne-II sithola ithoni yesigamu, futhi phakathi kwezinyathelo ze-II ne-III - ithoni eyodwa nengxenye. Nasi isibonelo, qiniseka ukuthi uyamlalela:

Umfanekiso 1. Isigaba II esincishisiwe

Ngaphezulu kwamanothi C kuzo zombili izinyathelo, umugqa we-wavy u-vibrato (ukuqedela umphumela). Ingabe uzwile izingoma zasempumalanga? Futhi isinyathelo sesibili kuphela sehliswa.

Izinkathazo ze-Medieval

nazo ziyizindlela zesonto, ziyizindlela zikaGregory, zimelela ukushintshana kwezinyathelo zesikali sika-C esikhulu. I-fret ngayinye iqukethe izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili. Isikhawu phakathi kwesinyathelo sokuqala nesokugcina siyi-octave. Imodi ngayinye iqukethe izinyathelo eziyinhloko kuphela, okungukuthi awekho amamaki engozi. Amamodi anokulandelana okuhlukile kwamasekhondi ngenxa yokuthi imodi ngayinye iqala ngamadigri ahlukene ka-C amakhulu. Isibonelo: imodi ye-Ionian iqala ngenothi elithi “kuya” futhi imele u-C omkhulu; imodi ye-Aeolian iqala ngenothi "A" futhi i-A encane.

Ekuqaleni (ikhulu le-IV) kwakukhona ama-frets amane: ukusuka kunothi elithi “re” kuye ku-“re”, ukusuka ku-“mi” kuye ku-“mi”, ukusuka ku-“fa” kuya ku-“fa” nokusuka ku-“sol” kuya ku-“sol”. Lezi zindlela zazibizwa ngokuthi eyokuqala, eyesibili, eyesithathu neyesine. Umbhali wale frets: Ambrose waseMilan. Lezi zindlela zibizwa ngokuthi "amaqiniso", okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "izimpande" izindlela.

I-fret ngayinye yayinama-tetrachord amabili. I-tetrachord yokuqala yaqala nge-tonic, i-tetrachord yesibili yaqala nge-dominant. I-frets ngayinye yayinenothi elikhethekile "lokugcina" (lena "Finalis", mayelana nayo kancane kancane), eyaqeda ucezu lomculo.

Ngekhulu lesi-6, uPapa Gregory Omkhulu wengeza amanye ama-4 frets. Izinkathazo zakhe zazingaphansi kwalezo eziyiqiniso ngesesine esiphelele futhi zazibizwa ngokuthi "i-plagal", okusho ukuthi "ukuphuma" kwama-frets. Izindlela ze-plagal zakhiwe ngokudlulisela i-tetrachord engenhla phansi nge-octave. Isiphetho semodi ye-plagal kwahlala kuyisiphetho semodi yayo eyiqiniso. Igama lemodi ye-plagal lakhiwa kusuka egameni lemodi eyiqiniso ngokungezwa kwe-"Hypo" ekuqaleni kwegama.

Ngendlela, kwakunguPapa Gregory Omkhulu owethula ukuqokwa kwencwadi yamanothi.

Ake sigxile emiqondweni elandelayo esetshenziselwa izindlela zesonto:

• Okokugcina. Ithoni eyinhloko yemodi, ithoni yokugcina. Ungaphambanisi ne-tonic, nakuba zifana. I-finalis ayiyona isikhungo sokudonsela phansi kwamanothi asele emodi, kodwa lapho umculo uphela kuwo, ubonakala ngendlela efanayo ne-tonic. Isiphetho sibizwa kangcono ngokuthi "ithoni yokugcina".
• I-Repercus. Lokhu ukusekelwa kwesibili komsindo womculo (ngemuva kweFinalis). Lo msindo, isici sale modi, ithoni yokuphindaphinda. Kuhunyushwe kusuka kusiLatini ngokuthi “umsindo oveziwe”.
• Ambitus. Lesi isikhawu kusukela emsindweni ophansi kakhulu wemodi ukuya emsindweni ophakeme kakhulu wemodi. Ibonisa "ivolumu" yokukhathazeka.

Ithebula lesonto frets

It nge

Imodi yesonto ngayinye yayinesimilo sayo. Yayibizwa ngokuthi "i-ethos". Isibonelo, imodi ye-Dorian yayibhekwa njengento ehloniphekile, ebabazekayo, ejulile. Isici esivamile sezindlela zesonto: ukungezwani, amandla adonsela phansi anamandla ayagwenywa; ukuhlonishwa, ukuzola kungokwemvelo. Umculo wesonto kufanele uqhelelane nakho konke okomhlaba, kufanele uzolise futhi uphakamise imiphefumulo. Kwakukhona nabaphikisi bezindlela zamaDorian, amaFrigiya namaLydia, njengamaqaba. Babemelene nezindlela zothando (zokukhala) kanye “nezinkonkoni,” ezithwala ukuxega, ezibangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka emphefumulweni.

Imvelo ye-frets

Okuthakazelisayo: bekunezincazelo ezimibalabala zamamodi! Leli iphuzu elithakazelisayo ngempela. Ake sibheke izincazelo zencwadi ka-Livanova T. "Umlando Womculo WaseNtshonalanga Yurophu kuze kube ngu-1789 (iNkathi Ephakathi)", isahluko esithi "Musical Culture of the Early Middle Ages". Izingcaphuno zinikezwe etafuleni mayelana nezinhlobo zeNkathi Ephakathi (8 frets):

Frets of the Middle Ages on the stave

Sibonisa indawo yamanothi esigxotsheni se-fret ngayinye. Isaziso sokuphendula: , isiphetho sesiphetho: .

Medieval frets on a stave yesimanje

Uhlelo lwamamodi enkathi ephakathi lungaboniswa ngendlela ethile esigxotsheni sesimanje. Okulandelayo kushiwo ngenhla ngokoqobo: “Izindlela Zenkathi Ephakathi “zinokulandelana okuhlukile kwamasekhondi ngenxa yokuthi imodi ngayinye iqala ngamadigri ahlukene ka-C amakhulu. Isibonelo: imodi ye-Ionian iqala ngenothi elithi “kuya” futhi imele u-C omkhulu; imodi ye-Aeolian iqala ngenothi “A” futhi iyi-A-minor. Yilokhu esizokusebenzisa.

Cabanga ngo-C omkhulu. Sishintshana sithatha amanothi angu-8 kulesi sikali phakathi kwe-octave eyodwa, isikhathi ngasinye siqala esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Okokuqala kusuka esigabeni I, bese kusuka esigabeni II, njll.:

Imiphumela

Ungene shi emlandweni womculo. Kuwusizo futhi kuyathakazelisa! Ithiyori yomculo, njengoba usubonile, ibikade ihlukile kweyamanje. Kulesi sihloko, yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izici zomculo we-Medieval ezicatshangelwayo (isibonelo, ikhefana), kodwa okunye okuzwakalayo kufanele kwakhiwe.

Mhlawumbe sizobuyela esihlokweni somculo we-Medieval, kodwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinye izihloko. Lesi sihloko, sikholelwa ukuthi, sigcwele ulwazi, futhi siphikisana nezihloko ezinkulu.