Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwenkinobho ye-accordion

I-Bayan ngokuyisisekelo iyinsimbi yomoya yomhlanga, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi iyinsimbi yomculo yekhibhodi. “Isencane” futhi ilokhu ivela njalo. Kusukela ekudalweni kwayo kuze kube namuhla, inkinobho ye-accordion iye yabhekana nenani elikhulu lezinguquko nokuthuthukiswa.

Isimiso sokukhiqiza umsindo, esisetshenziswa ensimbi, saziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu. Ulimi lwensimbi olunyakaza emoyeni lwalusetshenziswa ezinsimbini zomculo zesiShayina, isiJapane nesiLao. Ikakhulukazi, le ndlela yokukhipha imisindo yomculo yayisetshenziswa ensimbi yesintu yaseShayina - sheng.

Umlando we-accordion yenkinobho waqala kusukela ngesikhathi lapho ngokokuqala ngqa ulimi lwensimbi olukhipha umsindo lwaphoqeleka ukuba ludlidlizele lusuka emoyeni olungaqondiswanga emaphashini omculi, kodwa luvela kuboya obukhethekile. (okucishe kufane nokusetshenziswa kwe-blacksmithing). Lesi simiso sokuzalwa komsindo sakha isisekelo sedivayisi yensimbi yomculo.

Ubani owasungula inkinobho ye-akhodiyoni?

Ubani owasungula inkinobho ye-akhodiyoni? Amakhosi amaningi anekhono abambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwenkinobho ye-accordion ngendlela esiyazi ngayo. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwakukhona izingcweti ezimbili ezisebenza ngokuzimela komunye nomunye: i-organ tuner yaseJalimane uFriedrich Buschmann kanye nenkosi yaseCzech uFrantišek Kirchner.

U-Kirchner emuva ngo-1787 uhlongoze umqondo wokudala insimbi yomculo, eyayisekelwe esimisweni sokunyakaza kwe-oscillatory yepuleti lensimbi kukholomu yomoya ophoqelelwe usebenzisa ikamelo elikhethekile loboya. Wabuye wadala ama-prototypes okuqala.

UBushman, ngakolunye uhlangothi, wasebenzisa ulimi oluncibilikayo njengemfoloko yokushuna izitho. Wayekhipha imisindo enembile kuphela ngosizo lwamaphaphu akhe, okwakunzima kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa emsebenzini. Ukuze kube lula inqubo yokushuna, uBushman waklama indlela esebenzisa isivunguvungu esikhethekile esinomthwalo.

Lapho umshini uvulwa, umthwalo waphakama wabe usucindezela igumbi loboya ngesisindo salo, okwavumela umoya ocindezelwe ukuba udlidlize ulimi lwensimbi olubekwe ebhokisini elikhethekile le-resonator isikhathi eside impela. Ngokulandelayo, uBushman wengeza amazwi engeziwe kumklamo wakhe, ayebizwa ngokushintshana. Wasebenzisa lo mshini ngenjongo yokulungisa isitho kuphela.

Ngo-1829, umenzi wezitho ze-Viennese uCyril Demian wamukela umqondo wokudala insimbi yomculo enemihlanga negumbi loboya. Wakha insimbi yomculo esekelwe kumshini kaBushman, owawunamakhibhodi amabili azimele noboya phakathi kwawo. Kokhiye abayisikhombisa bekhibhodi engakwesokudla, ungadlala umculo, futhi kokhiye abangakwesokunxele - ibhesi. UDemian waqamba insimbi yakhe ngokuthi i-accordion, wafaka ilungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa, futhi ngawo lowo nyaka waqala ukukhiqiza ngobuningi futhi adayise.

Ama-accordion okuqala eRussia

Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwavela ithuluzi elifanayo eRussia. Ehlobo lika-1830, u-Ivan Sizov, umphathi wezikhali esifundazweni saseTula, wathola ithuluzi elingavamile embukisweni - i-accordion. Lapho ebuyela ekhaya, wayihlukanisa futhi wabona ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-harmonica kwakulula kakhulu. Wabe eseqamba insimbi efanayo futhi wayibiza ngokuthi i-accordion.

NjengoDemian, u-Ivan Sizov akazange akhawule ekwenzeni ikhophi eyodwa yensimbi, futhi ngokoqobo eminyakeni embalwa kamuva ukukhiqizwa kwefekthri ye-accordion kwethulwa eTula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudalwa nokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi sekuthole umlingiswa odumile ngempela. I-Tula ibilokhu idume ngabadwebi bayo, futhi i-accordion ye-Tula isabhekwa njengezinga lekhwalithi namuhla.

Ivele nini ngempela inkinobho ye-akhodiyoni?

“Awu, iphi inkinobho ye-akhodiyoni?” – uyabuza. Ama-accordion okuqala angabanduleli abaqondile benkinobho ye-accordion. Isici esiyinhloko se-accordion ukuthi ishunwa nge-diatonically futhi ingadlala kuphela kukhiye owodwa omkhulu noma omncane. Lokhu kwanele ukuhlela imikhosi yabantu, imishado nokunye ukuzijabulisa.

Phakathi nengxenye yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, i-accordion yahlala iyithuluzi lesintu ngempela. Njengoba ingakabi inkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngesakhiwo, kanye namasampula embonini ye-accordion, izingcweti ngazinye zazenza.

Ngo-September 1907, umpetha waseSt. USterligov wabiza i-accordion yakhe ngokuthi i-accordion, ehlonipha u-Boyan, umculi-umbhali wengoma waseRussia yasendulo.

Kwakusuka ku-1907 lapho umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-accordion yenkinobho yesimanje waqala eRussia. Le nsimbi iba nezinto ezihlukahlukene kangangokuthi ivumela umculi odlalayo ukuthi adlale kuyo yomibili imiculo yomdabu kanye nezinhlelo zayo, kanye nezinhlelo ze-accordion zemisebenzi yakudala.

Njengamanje, abaqambi abangochwepheshe babhala izingoma zangempela ze-bayan, futhi abadlali be-accordion abekho ngaphansi kwabaculi bezinye izinto ezikhethekile ngokwezinga lobuchwepheshe bensimbi. Eminyakeni eyikhulu nje, kwasungulwa isikole sokuqala sokudlala insimbi yomculo.

Sonke lesi sikhathi, inkinobho ye-accordion, njenge-accordion, isathandwa ngabantu: umshado ongavamile noma omunye umkhosi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, wenza ngaphandle kwalesi sisetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, inkinobho ye-accordion yathola ngokufanelekile isihloko sensimbi yabantu baseRussia.

Omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu ye-accordion yi-"Ferapontov Monastery" ka-Vl. Zolotarev. Sikumema ukuthi ulalele eyenziwa nguSergei Naiko. Lo mculo unzima, kodwa uphefumula kakhulu.

Umbhali nguDmitry Bayanov