Makam |
Isi-Arabhu; incazelo eyinhloko – isikhundla, indawo
Imodeli ye-modal-melodic emculweni wesi-Arabhu, isi-Iranian nesiTurkey (izenzakalo ezihlobene - i-poppy, mugham, muqam, raga). M. wavuka ngesisekelo Nar. imiculo. isici sezintaba. isiko lomculo; emculweni wabalimi ayisetshenziswa kakhulu. I-M. ngayinye iyinhlanganisela yamaculo, ngaphansi kwemithetho ethile. ukukhathazeka. Izilinganiso ze-M. ziyi-diatonic 7-step, kodwa azihambisani ne-European. uhlelo oluthambile; zihlanganisa izikhawu zama-semitones amakhulu namancane namathoni amakhulu namancane aphelele, ahluke ngokhefana we-Pythagorean. Zonke izinyathelo zezilinganiso ezinjalo zinamagama azo; i-tonic iwumsindo owodwa ochaziwe. ukuphakama, kuyilapho lezo ezitholakala i-octave ngenhla nangaphansi kwazo zibhekwa njengezizimele ngokuphelele. izinyathelo. Ithoni yesisekelo efanayo ingase ibe ne-M. Meet ehlukile kanye ne-decomp. M. ngesilinganiso esifanayo; ziyehluka nge-complex melodic. izingoma. I-M. ngayinye inikezwa incazelo. izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nezendawo yonke. incazelo. Mayelana no-M. kuthiwa kwabaningi. Wed-century. izincwadi, kuhlanganise Ibn Sina, Safi-ad-din. Esokugcina okokuqala ngqa sikhombisa i-12 yakudala. M., kufakwe ohlelweni oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-84-fret olusekelwe ekuhlanganiseni kwezinhlobo ezingu-7 ze-tetrachord nezinhlobo ezingu-12 ze-pentachord.
M. isebenza njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kweminyuziyamu. umkhiqizo. kokubili amafomu amancane namakhulu. Amafomu amancane akhiwe phezu kwezinto zemitha eyodwa, kuyilapho amafomu amakhulu asebenzisa ukuguqulwa kusuka kumitha eyodwa kuya kwelinye-uhlobo lokuguquguquka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hhayi kuphela imodi, kodwa futhi uhlobo lomculo lushintsha ngokufanele. izingoma. Isici samafomu amakhulu ukulandelana kwezigaba ezimbili - imitha yamahhala futhi engenawo umbhalo othi taksim (Taqsim) futhi esekelwe encazelweni. ubukhulu be-basrav (Basrav). Amatekisi anezinsimbi (eyedwa kanye ne-bourdon) namazwi, ngokuvamile enziwa ngendlela yokuphimisa, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezinsimbi. Ku-bashrav, iqembu lishaya. amathuluzi aphinda njalo incazelo. ifomula yesigqi lapho ingoma iqhuma khona. Inani lezinsimbi zomculo ezisetshenziswayo liyahlukahluka emasikweni omculo ahlukene.
