Isilinganiso segolide |

Isigaba Segolide emculweni – etholakala ngobuningi. umculo prod. ukuxhunyaniswa kwezici ezibalulekile zokwakhiwa kwayo yonke noma izingxenye zayo nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi. isilinganiso segolide. Umqondo ka-Z. nge. ungowomkhakha wejometri; Z. s. ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwengxenye ibe izingxenye ezimbili, nge-Krom yonke ihlobene nengxenye enkulu njengoba ingxenye enkulu iya kwencane (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-harmonic, ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesilinganiso esilinganiselwe kanye nesilinganiso). Uma ingqikithi ichazwa ngohlamvu a, ingxenye enkulu ngohlamvu u-b, futhi ingxenye encane ngohlamvu c, lesi silinganiso sivezwa ngengxenye ethi:b=b:c. Ngokwezibalo, isilinganiso b:a siyingxenyana eqhubekayo, cishe ilingana no-0,618034 ...

Ngesikhathi seRenaissance, kwasungulwa ukuthi uZ. ithola uhlelo lokusebenza ekuboniseni. art-wah, ikakhulukazi kwezokwakha. Kwaqashelwa ukuthi isilinganiso esinjalo sezingxenye sinikeza umbono wokuvumelana, isilinganiso, umusa. Abaqambi besikole saseNetherlandish (J. Obrecht) basebenzise ngokuqaphela i-Z. nge. emikhiqizweni yabo.

Umzamo wokuqala wokuthola ukubonakala kuka-Z. emculweni owenziwe nge-ser. Usosayensi waseJalimane wekhulu le-19 u-A. Zeising, owamemezela ngokungafanele u-Z. s. indawo yonke, ingxenye yendawo yonke, ebonakaliswa kokubili kwezobuciko nasemhlabeni wemvelo. U-Zeising uthole ukuthi eduze no-Z. s. isilinganiso sembula unxantathu omkhulu (isikhawu sengxenye yesihlanu iyonke, ingxenye enkulu yesithathu njengengxenye enkulu, ingxenye yesithathu encane njengengxenye encane).

Ukubonakaliswa okucace kakhudlwana kobudlelwane buka-Z. no. emculweni kwatholakala ekuqaleni. Umcwaningi waseRussia wekhulu lama-20 u-EK Rosenov emkhakheni womculo. amafomu. Ngokusho kukaRozenov, isivele ithinta isikhathi lapho i-melodic. umvuthwandaba ngokuvamile utholakala endaweni eseduze nephuzu Z. nge. Imvamisa eduze nephoyinti elithi Z. nge. Amaphuzu okuguqula ayatholakala nasezingxenyeni ezinkulu zomculo. amafomu (i-Z. s. izibonakalisa ngesilinganiso sesikhashana sezingxenye, okuthi, uma kwenzeka ushintsho ku-tempo, aluhambisani nenani lenani lezinyathelo) ngisho nasekusebenzeni kwengxenye eyodwa. Nakuba ukuhlaziya kukaRosenov ngezinye izikhathi kunemininingwane eminingi kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kokwelula, ngokuvamile, ukuqaphela kwakhe mayelana nokubonakaliswa kwe-Z. s. emculweni zazithela izithelo futhi zacebisa umqondo wamamyuziyamu esikhashana. amaphethini.

Kamuva u-Z. nge. UVE Ferman, LA Mazel, nabanye bafundele umculo emculweni. kuwuphawu lokusimama, ext. ukuqedwa komculo. Wabonisa ukuthi ngesikhathi Z. nge. isikhathi somculo singase sibe nomsindo. isiqongo hhayi senkathi yonke kuphela, kodwa futhi somusho wesibili, ukuthi leli phuzu lingase libe yisikhathi lapho umusho wesibili ukhula ngokuhlukile kunowokuqala (lokhu kubonakaliswa kwama-zs kungahlanganiswa). Esikalini se-sonata allegro kanye nefomu lezingxenye ezintathu, ngokusho kuka-Mazel, iphuzu Z. nge. emculweni we-classic ngokuvamile uwela ekuqaleni kwe-reprise (ekupheleni kwentuthuko), emculweni wabaqambi bothando utholakala ku-reprise, eduze ne-coda. UMazel wethule umqondo ka-Z. nge. ngesikhathi sokuhlaziya umculo. imisebenzi; Kancane kancane, yangena ngokuqinile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwezikhova. umculo wezomculo.

References: Rozenov EK, Ekusetshenzisweni komthetho "we-golden division" emculweni, "Izvestiya SPb. I-Society for Musical Meetings, 1904, no. Juni-Julayi-Agasti, p. 1-19; Isikhathi GE, The Golden Section, trans. kusukela eJalimane, P., 1924; Mazel L., Okuhlangenwe nakho ocwaningweni lwesigaba segolide ekwakhiweni komculo ekukhanyeni kokuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwamafomu, Imfundo Yomculo, 1930, No 2.